CN103941014A - 猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条 - Google Patents
猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种猪三种疫病的检测试剂显示的器具,特别是涉及一种猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫快速诊断试纸条,试纸条含支撑层、反应试剂载体吸附层,支撑层为不吸水薄片条,反应试剂载体吸附层粘贴于支撑层上,从样品测试端依次为纤维层,上述三种疫病抗原金标单抗或多抗纤维层,纤维素膜层,手柄端为吸水材料层;分别用上述三种疫病抗原配对单抗或多抗或单抗溶液在纤维层上喷检测印迹“|||”、“///”、或“\\\”,分别用羊(兔)抗小鼠或猪IgG的多抗或用SPA溶液在纤维素膜层上喷对照印迹“|”、“/”或“\”。该试纸条特异、敏感、直观、准确、简便、快速,能在畜禽饲养、肉类加工和检疫等相关部门推广应用。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明是一种涉及猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫检测试剂显示器具,特别是涉及一种可同时检测猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫的三联检测试纸条。
二、技术背景
猪肺疫又称猪巴氏杆菌病、锁喉风,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的一种急性传染病。主要特征为败血症,咽喉及其周围组织急性炎性肿,或表现为肺、胸膜的纤维蛋白渗出性炎症。急性的常呈败血症病变,死亡率高,慢性的多与猪气喘病、猪瘟等混合感染或继发。本病是危害养猪业的常见传染病,分布很广,常继发于其他传染病,造成严重的经经济损失。
猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌引起猪的一种急性、热性、高度传染性的呼吸道疾病。临床上以急性出血性纤维素性胸膜肺炎和慢性纤维素性坏死性胸膜肺炎为特征。本病分布于世界许多国家和地区,是一种世界性疾病,目前呈上升的流行趋势,给规模化养猪场造成了重大的经济损失。
猪气喘病又称猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体引起的一种慢性、接触性传染病,是一种重要的免疫抑制性疾病,也是猪呼吸道疾病综合征的重要病原之一。该病长期危害养猪业,并广泛分布于世界各国。临床上以咳嗽和气喘为主要症状,以融合性支气管肺炎为主要病变特征。主要危害是引起猪的生长受阻和饲料转化率大幅下降,高的发病率使其严重影响养猪业的经济效益。本病一旦传入猪群,很难清除。因此,对该病流行病学的认识以及诊断技术的研究和应用具有十分重要的意义。
猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫是一类严重危害养猪业健康发展的呼吸道疾病,上述疾病疫苗预防效果不佳,随着耐药菌株的不断出现,其治疗效果也不断下降。临床症状相似,鉴别诊断困难,给此类疾病的控制带来了难度。快速鉴别检测可为发病猪群的治疗和病原体的清除提供科学依据,是控制和消灭上述疾病的有效方法。目前对上述疾病的诊断方法主要有以下几种。
(1)病原体的分离培养与鉴定:猪肺炎支原体的分离培养十分困难,且生长缓慢,往往需要10d左右才能观察到细小的菌落。猪肺炎支原体的菌落很小,典型的菌落为圆形,边缘整齐,灰白色,半透明,中间凸起呈乳头状,表面常有许多小的颗粒,菌落大小在100~300nm 之间。在做液体培养时,可通过酚红指示剂能否使培养基颜色发生变化而判断有无菌体的生长,或将液体培养物作涂片,进行姬姆萨染色或瑞特氏染色,镜检观察。若有猪肺炎支原体感染,可见环状、电灯泡状等菌体结构。
猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分离培养,从新鲜的支气管、鼻腔分泌物或肺部病变分离病原体,无菌取病料接种于含5%绵羊血的琼脂平板上,并划十字线接种,在5%CO2培养箱中37℃ 过夜培养后,见有1~1.5mm 圆形、中间凸起、边缘整齐、灰白色半透明菌落,菌落周围出现清晰的完全溶血环。对分离到的病原菌进行镜检,菌体呈革兰氏阴性,球杆状或细小杆菌,有时形成丝状,多形性,不形成芽孢,无运动性,有荚膜。
猪肺疫巴士杆菌分离培养,采取病料接种于麦康凯琼脂和血液琼脂平板,置于37℃恒温箱中,进行分离培养。在血液琼脂平板上生长,培养24h后,可长成淡灰白色,圆形、湿润、不溶血的露珠样小菌落。涂片染色镜检,为革兰氏阴性、两极浓染的小球杆菌。
(2)血清学检测:血清学检测是一种传统的检测方法,它是通过检测血清中抗体水平来判断猪是否患有上述疾病,主要包括间接血凝试验(IHA)、补体结合试验(CFT)、免疫荧光试验(IF)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)以及放射免疫酶试验(RIDEA)。
(3)聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术:PCR技术具有高灵敏度、高特异性等优点,已被广泛运用于许多疾病的病原体鉴定和流行病学调查。上述疾病的病原体检测均可使用PCR技术,PCR检测病原体与ELISA检测相比,其检出率明显高于ELISA的检测率。
病原体培养与鉴定、血清学检测、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,需要专业人员在实验室操作,操作繁琐,检测费时费力;而且需要昂贵的仪器设备,如PCR仪、酶标仪和CO2培养箱等,对非专业人员而言,上述检测方法很难完成。虽然上述方法特异敏感,但每次只能检测一种猪病,且无法实现现场快速检测或诊断。本发明,研究一种简便快速、实时在线,同时检测三种猪病的三联检测试纸,对控制和消灭此类疾病意义重大。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中检测猪病病原存在的缺点,提供一种特异、敏感、简便快速的呼吸道疾病检测方法,研制出一次可同时检测三种猪细菌性呼吸道疾病的三联检测试纸。
本发明的技术方案是:提供一种猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条,该试纸条含有支撑层和吸附层,支撑层为不吸水的薄片层,吸附层附着在支撑层上,吸附层从测试端依次为样品吸附纤维层、金标抗体纤维层、纤维素膜层和手柄端的吸水材料层,在纤维素膜层上设有检测印迹和对照印迹;金标抗体纤维层吸附有纳米级金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的三种单克隆抗体,检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的配对单抗印制,对照印迹用羊抗或兔抗小鼠IgG的多克隆抗体;或金标抗体纤维层吸附有纳米级金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的多克隆抗体,检测印迹分别用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的单抗制备,对照印迹用金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)或抗猪IgG多抗制备。
检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的配对单抗制备即用上述三种病原体特异抗原的配对单抗溶液分别制备;检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的多克隆抗体制备即为用上述三种病原体的多克隆抗体分别制备。
支撑层用不吸水的硬质塑胶片条或硬纸条制成;测试端样品吸附纤维层用玻璃棉制成;金标抗体纤维层用玻璃棉和金标抗体制成,金标抗体可以是单抗或多克隆抗体。
纤维素膜层用硝酸纤维素膜、或纯纤维素膜、或羧化纤维素膜、或聚偏二氟乙烯PVDF纤维素膜制成。
吸水材料层用吸水纸制成。
检测印迹和对照印迹为直线式、或斜线式,纤维素膜层上含有三条检测印迹和一条对照印迹,检测印迹和对照印迹的排列形式为“||||”、“/ / / /”、“\\\\”中的任一种。
试纸条吸附层上面含有一层保护层,保护层附着在吸附层上,在测试端样品吸附纤维层、金标抗体纤维层及吸水材料层上覆盖有保护膜,在测试端样品吸附纤维层与金标抗体纤维层交界处对应的保护膜上印制有样品标记线,该标记线偏向测试端样品吸附纤维层一侧处约0.5cm处。
根据需要,选择上述金标抗体纤维层、检测印迹和对照印迹排列形式中一种形式。
本发明的积极有益效果:
1. 检测特异性强、敏感性高:本发明检测试纸条以纳米级金颗粒标记高亲和力特异性单克隆抗体或特异性多克隆抗体为基础而制成,金标抗体中金颗粒与抗体分子之间无共价键形成,二者通过异性电荷间的范德华力相结合,金颗粒不影响单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体的特异性和结合力,并且具有较高的标记率。本发明检测试纸条具有较高的特异性和敏感性,可检测到纳克级病原体蛋白。
2. 操作简便、快速:使用本发明试纸条检测时无需附加任何其它仪器和试剂,只需将其测试端插入待检的样品液中30秒左右,然后在1-5分钟内即可判定检测结果。
3. 检测结果直观、准确:本发明试纸条以是否显示棕红色的检测线和对照线作为判定阳性和阴性结果的依据,即只在纤维素膜的对照线印记处显示一条棕红色对照线C,而在检测线印记处无棕红色条带显示,表示被检测的3种猪病均为阴性结果;在纤维素膜的对照线印记处显示一条棕红色对照线C,在检测印迹处出现三条棕红色条带T1、T2、T3(T1为猪气喘病,T2为猪传染性胸膜肺炎,T3为猪肺疫),则表示被检测的3种猪病均为阳性结果;在纤维素膜上显示一条棕红色对照线和三条棕红色检测线中的任一条或任两条,则表示在被检测3种猪病中的任一种或两种为阳性结果。无论阳性结果或阴性结果对照线C均应显示,当对照线C不显示时,说明试纸条失效。
4.检测费用降低:使用本发明检测试纸条,不需其它仪器及试剂,节省了仪器、设备和附加试剂费用;一条试纸一次可以检测3种猪病,非专业人员也可随时实时在线检测,无需支付专家诊断检查费及其相关费用,可极大的降低检测成本的投入,降低检测费用。
5.使用范围广:本发明检测试纸条操作简单,即“傻瓜式”操作,而且携带方便、易保存,可满足不同单位和不同层次人员的需要,包括专业化验、海关检疫、卫生防疫、质量监测、畜产品加工、集约化养殖到个体养殖等,具有广阔的市场前景和社会效益。
四、附图说明:
图 1 一种猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条的侧视结构示意图
图 2 一种猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条的俯视结构示意图
五、具体实施方式:
以下实施例仅为了进一步说明本发明,并不限制本发明的内容。猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条的制备,需要制备抗三种病原体特异抗原的单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体,用于制备检测印迹和金标抗体纤维层;同时需要制备羊或兔抗鼠IgG抗体,或羊或兔抗猪IgG抗体,用于制备对照印迹。
1.羊(兔)抗鼠或猪IgG抗体的制备:
以饱和硫酸铵法提取小鼠或猪血清中的IgG,取1份血清加2份PBS液(pH 7.2)混匀,加等体积饱和硫酸铵液混匀,置4℃冰箱内2h,在4℃、10000r/min离心15min,弃上清液;以适量PBS液(pH7.2)溶解沉淀,加饱和硫酸铵液至其最终浓度为33%,置4℃冰箱内2h,在4℃、10000r/min条件下离心15min,弃上清液,以少量PBS液(pH7.2)溶解沉淀,置4℃冰箱内用PBS液(pH7.2)过夜透析,换液2~3次,在4℃、10000r/min条件下离心15min,收集上清液,以紫外分光光度计测定其蛋白浓度。以50μg~100μg(IgG)/kg体重经皮下或肌肉注射抗体阴性健康羊或家兔3~4次,末次免疫20天后,静脉采血,以ELISA测定其血清抗体效价在1:2000以上,心脏采血或颈动脉放血,收集其高免血清,以饱和硫酸铵法提取羊(兔)抗小鼠或猪的IgG(其提取方法与上述提取小鼠血清IgG相同,不再重述),用于制备本发明试纸条的对照印迹。
2. 猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原单克隆抗体(Mi)的制备:
每只用50μg~100μg病原体特异抗原免疫Balb/c系小鼠三次,每次间隔15~30d;第三次加强免疫后3~4d,将免疫小鼠眼球放血,拉颈致死,用75%酒精浸泡5~10min,无菌取其脾脏,剪碎并经100目尼龙网过滤,1000r/min离心10min,收集脾细胞;将1×108个脾细胞与2~5×107个NS0骨髓瘤细胞混合,1000r/min离心10min弃上清,将含有沉淀细胞的离心管置于37℃的水中,并缓缓加入0.7~1ml 40%~50% PEG4000(pH 8.5~9.0)作用1min,然后缓慢加入无血清1640培养基15ml,以终止PEG的作用,37℃水浴5~10min,1000r/min离心10min弃上清,将细胞沉淀重悬于HAT选择培养基中,并加入
96孔培养板(100μl~200μl/孔),置于37℃ 5% CO2培养箱中培养。培养7~10d后,以5μg~10μg/ml的纯化的病原体特异抗原包被96孔酶标板,以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测杂交瘤的培养上清,挑取强阳性细胞克隆(OD450≥0.5),进行连续三次的有限稀释法克隆化,获得阳性杂交瘤细胞株,其染色体数为92~98,其分泌的单克隆抗体(M1,M2或M3),能够特异识别三种不同的病原体,而不与其它猪的病原体发生交叉反应,亲和力常数达109~10,轻链亚型为к或λ,重链亚型为IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3;获得的配对单克隆抗体,用于制金标单抗体玻璃棉或检测印迹。
3.金标单抗玻璃棉的制备:
利用柠檬酸钠还原法制备纳米级金颗粒:即在50~100ml沸腾的0.01~0.05%氯金酸水溶液中加入2~4ml的0.5~2%柠檬酸三钠溶液,获得直径15nm左右的纳米级金颗粒。以0.1mol/L的K2CO3调金颗粒溶液的pH至8.5~9.5,以1:1000~1300的标记比将待标记的单克隆抗体(M1,M2或M3)加入pH8.5~9.5的金溶胶中,标记10min后,加20% PEG10000至最终浓度为0.05%,4℃、1500~3000r/min离心20min,除去未结合的金颗粒颗粒,4℃、15000r/min离心1h,弃上清,获金标抗体混合物后,用丙烯葡聚糖S-400柱层析,分离纯化金标抗体,分别获得M1、M2、M3的金标抗体。将1:100~500稀释的三种金标抗体,吸附于精制玻璃棉中,4℃低温真空干燥,制备金标单克隆抗体玻璃棉。
4.病原体特异抗原多克隆抗体(Ci)的制备:
病原体特异抗原多克隆抗体(Ci)的制备。分别采用国家批准的上述三种猪病的灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗或标准抗原,多次免疫接种抗体阴性健康猪。末次免疫20天后静脉采血,以ELISA测定其血清抗体效价在1:2000以上,心脏采血或颈动脉放血,收集其高免血清,以饱和硫酸铵法提取血清中IgG抗体(方法与小鼠血清IgG的提取相同,不再重述)。
金标多抗和金标多抗玻璃棉的制备,与金标单抗玻璃棉的制备方法相同,不再重述。
详见具体实施方式中的内容3。
5. 本发明检测试纸条检测原理
当本发明检测试纸条测试端插入待检样品溶液后,待检溶液通过虹吸带动待检病原体进入金标抗体纤维层,并与其中的金标抗体(Mi或Ci)一起沿硝酸纤维素膜向手柄端扩散,最终渗入手柄端吸水材料层,扩散过程中金标抗体能够与相应的待检病原体结合,结合的金标抗体的病原体能够被纤维素膜上检测印迹的配对单抗或多抗拦截,当样品液中含有被检病原体时,则出现1~3条棕红色的检测线;羊或兔抗鼠或抗猪IgG则可与相应的金标单抗或多抗结合,出现1条棕红色对照线。当待检样品液中没有上述病原体时,试纸条只显示出一条棕红色对照线;当纤维素膜上没有对照线显示时,则表明试纸条已失效。
6. 本发明检测试纸条的检测操作方法
(1)检测样品的处理:取病猪病变组织, 1:1~5 加入生理盐水并用剪刀剪碎,浸出液为待检样品,病猪全血或血清加入生理盐水1:1~5稀释后为待检样品。
(2)检测操作:将本发明检测试纸条样品端插入待检样品液中,插入深度不超过标记线9,约30秒后取出试纸条,水平放置约1~5分钟,同时观察结果。
(3)结果判定:如果在检测试纸条纤维素膜上只显示出一条棕红色对照线C,表示检测结果为阴性,说明在被检样品中不含上述3种病原体;如果检测试纸条上的纤维素膜出现对照线C,检测印迹处出现T1或T2或T3检测线,表示检测结果为阳性,即在待检样品中含有猪气喘病病原体或猪传染性胸膜肺炎病原体或猪肺疫病原体;如果检测印迹处T1或T2或T3同时出现,表示在待检样品中存在上述3种病原体;如果纤维素膜上没有任何棕红色印迹显示,则表明试纸条已失效。
实施例一:猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条
参见图1和图2,图中1为支撑层,用硬质塑胶薄片条制成,2为测试端的样品吸附纤维层,用玻璃棉制成,3为金标抗体纤维层,吸附有纳米级金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的三种单克隆抗体的玻璃棉,根据上述具体实施方式3中所述的制备方法制备其金标单抗玻璃棉,4为纤维素膜层,采用硝酸纤维素膜制成,5为吸水材料层,用吸水纸制成,将编号2、3、4、5各层从左端测试端至右粘贴在硬质塑胶薄片条1上,彼此之间交界处互相交叉重叠。在硝酸纤维素膜层4上,6为分别用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的配对单抗溶液印制的检测印迹T1、T2、T3,7为用羊或兔抗鼠IgG溶液印制的对照印迹C,检测印迹和对照印迹为直线式、或斜线式,两种印迹带排列形成的组合形式为“||||”、 “/ / / /”、“\\\\”中的任一种。8-1为覆盖在测试端样品吸附纤维层2和金标抗体纤维层3上面的白色保护膜,在2和3交界处对应保护膜8-1位置上偏向于样品吸附纤维层2一侧0.5cm处印有标记线9,9的右端印有箭头及max字样,吸水材料层5(手柄端)上覆盖有其它颜色(如黄色)保护膜8-2。
待测样品溶液的制备及检测操作步骤,与具体实施方式6中的检测操作方法相同,不再重述。
实施例二:猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫三联检测试纸条,与实施例一基本相同,不同之处在于:
金标抗体纤维层3用吸附有金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫的三种多克隆抗体的玻璃棉制成,根据上述具体实施方式3中所述的制备方法制备其金标多克隆抗体玻璃棉;在硝酸纤维素膜层4上,6为分别用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的单抗溶液印制的检测印迹T1、T2、T3,7为用羊或兔抗猪的IgG溶液印制对照印迹C,两种印迹带排列形成的组合形式为“||||”、 “/ / / /”、“\\\\”中的任一种。其它包括检测样品制备、操作方法和结果判定等均与具体实施方式6中的操作方法相同,不再重述。
Claims (8)
1.一种检测猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫的三联检测试纸条,该试纸条含有支撑层和吸附层,支撑层为不吸水的薄片层,吸附层附着在支撑层上,吸附层从测试端依次为样品纤维层、金标抗体纤维层、纤维素膜层和手柄端的吸水材料层,在纤维素膜层上制备有检测印迹和对照印迹,其特征是金标抗体纤维层吸附有纳米级金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的三种单克隆抗体,检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的配对单抗或多克隆抗体印制,对照印迹用羊或兔抗小鼠IgG的多克隆抗体或金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)印制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的试纸条,其特征是金标抗体纤维层吸附有纳米级金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的三种单克隆抗体的混合液,检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的配对单抗或多克隆抗体印制,对照印迹用羊或兔抗小鼠IgG的多克隆抗体或金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)印制,或金标抗体纤维层吸附有纳米级金颗粒标记的抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的多克隆抗体,检测印迹分别用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的单抗制备,对照印迹用金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)或抗猪IgG多抗制备。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的试纸条,其特征是检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体特异抗原的配对单抗制备即用上述三种病原体特异抗原的配对单抗溶液分别制备;检测印迹用抗猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎及猪肺疫病原体的多克隆抗体制备即为用上述三种病原体的多克隆抗体分别制备。
4.根据权利要求1所述的试纸条,其特征是支撑层用不吸水的硬质塑胶片条或硬纸条制成;测试端样品吸附纤维层用玻璃棉制成;金标抗体纤维层用玻璃棉和金标抗体制成,金标抗体可以是单抗或多克隆抗体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的试纸条,其特征是纤维素膜层用硝酸纤维素膜、或纯纤维素膜、或羧化纤维素膜、或聚偏二氟乙烯PVDF纤维素膜制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的试纸条,其特征是吸水材料层用吸水纸制成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的试纸条,其特征是检测印迹和对照印迹为直线式、或斜线式,纤维素膜层上含有三条检测印迹和一条对照印迹,检测印迹和对照印迹的排列形式为“||||”、“/ / / /”、“\\\\”中的任一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的试纸条,其特征是试纸条吸附层上面含有一层保护层,保护层附着在吸附层上,在测试端样品吸附纤维层、金标抗体纤维层及吸水材料层上覆盖有保护膜,在测试端样品吸附纤维层与金标抗体纤维层交界处对应的保护膜上印制有样品标记线,该标记线偏向测试端样品吸附纤维层一侧约0.5cm处。
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