CN103940374A - System and method for detecting perpendicularity of group holes based on vision measurement - Google Patents
System and method for detecting perpendicularity of group holes based on vision measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/272—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for detecting the perpendicularity of group holes based on vision measurement. The system comprises an industrial camera, datum positioning devices, a cold light source and a perpendicularity detecting system. Pieces to be detected are provided with two datum planes which are parallel to each other, and the group holes are evenly distributed and penetrate through the two datum planes. The industrial camera directly faces the datum planes, and sharply focused images of the group holes in the two sides are obtained under the illumination of the cold light source. The datum positioning devices are mounted on the datum planes. The perpendicularity detecting system is used for calibrating the images of the group holes through the datum positioning devices and calculating the coordinate data of the two sets of group holes through the images, so that the perpendicularity of the group holes is calculated through the two sets of coordinate data. The invention further relates to a method for detecting the perpendicularity of the group holes based on vision measurement. The system and method for detecting the perpendicularity of the group holes based on vision measurement have the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in efficiency and small in error. The system and method belong to the measurement technical field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, relate in particular to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system and method based on vision measurement and image processing.
Background technology
The function of steam generator in nuclear power station one loop be by reactor in the heat of catalyst carrier be delivered to secondary circuit, the steam that makes secondary circuit side medium produce certain pressure supplies steam turbine work after I and II steam-water separator is dry, and its quality directly affects power and the efficiency in power station.Steam generator is providing the steam driven while for water vapour exchange heat, also plays a part to intercept radioactivity catalyst carrier, belongs to I level equipment in safe class, must possess high reliability and security.Tube sheet processing is one of critical process that in steam generator, technical requirement is the highest, manufacture difficulty is maximum.According to design, the gross thickness of the tube sheet of steam generator is 584.58 millimeters, wherein nickel alloy cladding layer 6.4mm.Tube sheet processing be exactly on tube sheet 9280 rectangular arrangements of drill gun in 1930 pores, tube sheet has two reference planes that are parallel to each other, group hole is uniformly distributed and is applied between two reference planes, the axis in each hole is all perpendicular to reference plane.The deviation of deep hole verticality will directly have influence on after the installation of back up pad, and can be smoothly in nearly ten thousand pores, accurately through reaching the U-shaped tube bank of tens meters.
Traditional deep hole verticality measuring method is to utilize plug Simulation Center axis, plug inserted in measured hole, and taking end face as reference field, the angular deviation of measuring center axis and end face.If but when measured hole size is less or hole depth is very large, measuring error is large and plug manufacture is difficult.In addition the method that also has the three-dimensional utilized to measure in prior art, but due to apparatus expensive and be subject to place and the restriction of workpiece size inapplicable for tube sheet part.
In sum, in prior art, to deep hole, squareness measurement has following restriction and defect: 1, and people records measurement data for reading, and error is larger, and measuring accuracy and measurement efficiency are all lower; 2, prior art adopts plug simulation, and the measurement length of measured hole is subject to the restriction of plug length, cannot realize conveniently and measuring, and owing to being clearance fit between plug and measured hole, the error of bringing is larger; 3, because hole number is very many, Measuring Time is long, and survey record data are easily obscured.Therefore its verticality detects the non-contact detection method that urgent need is a kind of rapidly and efficiently, precision is high.
Summary of the invention
For the technical matters existing in prior art, the object of the invention is: provide a kind of contactless, automatically carry out group's hole perpendicularity detection system and the method based on vision measurement that group hole measurement and verticality are calculated.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement, comprising: industrial camera, reference location device, cold light source and system for detecting verticality; To be measured has two reference planes that are parallel to each other, and group hole is uniformly distributed and is applied between two reference planes; Industrial camera, just to reference plane, obtains the picture rich in detail in two side group holes under the illumination of cold light source; Reference location device is arranged on reference plane; System for detecting verticality is proofreaied and correct the image in group hole by reference location device, and goes out the coordinate data in two cohort holes by image calculation, is calculated the verticality in group hole by two groups of coordinate datas.
In to be measured, group hole comprises the hole that multiple rectangular arrays are arranged, and the axis in hole is perpendicular to reference plane.Be that multiple holes are parallel to each other, be applied between two reference planes.
Reference location device comprises the station meter that four rhizospheres are orthogonal; In station meter is enclosed in group to be measured hole.
The two ends of station meter are provided with highlighted artificial light echo reflective marker, and the measuring accuracy of station meter is less than 5um, and the flatness of the lower surface of station meter is less than 10um, and the maximum ga(u)ge of station meter is poor is 20um.Wherein, highlighted artificial light echo reflective marker is demarcated for the coordinate that carries out industrial camera; The length of station meter precision after three coordinate machine is measured demarcation and temperature correction is better than 5um, and the measuring accuracy of station meter refers to the departure degree of measured length with respect to measured true value; The lower surface of station meter is better than 10um through milling back plane degree, and the flatness of preferred reference chi lower surface and the maximum ga(u)ge of station meter are in order to ensure that station meter and reference field fit tightly.
The material of station meter is high strength chromium tungsten manganese alloy.In addition, station meter also optional use there is the other materials of the little or metastable requirement of expansion coefficient.
Station meter is screwed as rectangle; Reference location device also comprises some reference columns that join with station meter.Reference column is that cone carries out coordinating of axis coinciding with select fixed orifice on to be measured.
System for detecting verticality comprises: image processing system, data processing module and output display module; Image processing system is processed image clearly obtain the centre coordinate in each hole; The centre coordinate in each hole is carried out verticality conversion by data processing module; Output display module is exported net result.
Image processing system comprises: reading images module, image pretreatment module, coordinate marginal position module, Canny module, edge identification module and ellipse fitting module; Image pretreatment module comprises: image gray processing submodule, image filtering submodule and image binaryzation submodule.The effect of reading images module is to extract the frame rate of video image and the resolution information of image, image pretreatment module is that image is carried out to gray processing processing, filtering processing and binary conversion treatment, coordinate marginal position module is that the marginal position of image is identified, Canny module and edge identification module are respectively used to image border to be convenient to extract and refinement, and ellipse fitting module is that the edge of extracted circle is further repaired and obtained best ellipse.
Group's hole perpendicularity detection method based on vision measurement, comprises the steps:
A. by the group's hole subregion on a side group directrix plane of to be measured mark: while measurement for the first time, upper left hole is demarcated as to (1,1) hole, label by left-to-right, increase progressively from top to bottom,
wherein n is greater than 1 positive integer, and reference location device is installed on this side group directrix plane, and group hole, Jiang Gai district surrounds;
B. mounting industrial camera obtains the picture rich in detail of a side group directrix plane in step a under the illumination of cold light source;
C. system for detecting verticality is processed the image obtaining in step b, determine the center and peripheral in hole, utilize the high precision known length value of reference location device as controlled condition, by geometric rectification of imagery, obtain the orthograph picture of hole characteristic, correct through ratio, obtaining the actual value of hole characteristic amount, is that initial point carries out coordinate conversion with the center of circle in (1,1) hole, obtain the central coordinate of circle in each hole, surveyed region, and storage;
D. by be measured on surface level Rotate 180 ° opposite side reference plane is obtained picture rich in detail and is measured, or directly opposite side reference plane is obtained picture rich in detail and measured, now first hole in the upper right corner is labeled as (1 ', 1 '), label by the right side to left, increase progressively from top to bottom,
after system for detecting verticality is processed, obtain the central coordinate of circle in institute each hole, survey region under the new coordinate that is initial point with the center of circle in (1 ', 1 ') hole, and store;
E. extract two groups of coordinate datas, the central coordinate of circle (x in (a, b) hole of corresponding both sides, more same hole reference plane
a, y
b) and the central coordinate of circle (x in (a ', b ') hole
a', y
b'), obtain
The hole depth of this deep hole is H, can obtain the verticality in this hole, and the angle θ of the axis runout in this hole is:
F. repeating step e obtains porose verticality, and judges whether qualifiedly, and result is exported.
In step c to e, first read picture by reading images module, again by image pretreatment module by obtained picture through image gray processing submodule process after, carry out filtering by image filtering submodule, the numerical value of the center and peripheral in each hole is finally proposed by image binaryzation submodule, finally utilize length constraint condition to list error equation group using the length of reference location device as controlling benchmark, calculate the necessary elements of exterior orientation of picture, according to image coordinate correcting inclination and normal case photography theory, obtain the actual coordinate in group hole, to be measured surface.
Generally speaking, tool of the present invention has the following advantages: simple in structure, easy to operate, efficiency is high, error is little.
(1) the group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement of the present invention, utilizes image processing system software, automatically calculates the verticality of each deep hole, and shows and store, and effectively reducing people is the error that reads, records and calculate.
(2) the group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement of the present invention, only need to obtain the surface image of to be measured, and without looking like the required centering of traditional measurement method to complicated loaded down with trivial details steps such as the hearts, therefore, both simplify measuring method, greatly reduced again the requirement on machining accuracy of system unit.
(3) the group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement of the present invention can be measured multiple deep holes in batches simultaneously, under the prerequisite that meets measuring accuracy greatly the raising of degree detection efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of reference location device of the present invention.
The image schematic diagram that Fig. 3 a and 3b obtain for twice measurement.
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of system for detecting verticality.
Fig. 5 is the algorithm flow chart of image processing system.
Wherein, 1 is reference location device, and 2 is reference plane, and 3 is to be measured, 4 is cold light source, and 5 is industrial camera, and 6 is computing machine (system for detecting verticality is incorporated into wherein), and 11 is highlighted artificial light echo reflective marker, 12 is screw, and 13 is station meter, and 14 is reference column, and 21-28 is hole.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 1, a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement comprises: reference location device, cold light source, industrial camera and computing machine.Reference location device is adsorbed on the side group directrix plane of to be measured, and the output terminal of industrial camera is connected with computing machine.To be measured is the tube sheet of steam generator, has two reference planes that are parallel to each other, and group hole is uniformly distributed and is applied between two reference planes, and the axis in each hole is perpendicular to reference plane, evenly arranges along rectangular array in the one end in group hole on reference plane.When measurement, first first reference plane is detected, now reference location device is arranged on this face, and industrial camera and cold light source are also just to this face; After the measurement of first reference plane completes, then second reference plane detected.
Reference location device has four foundation object staffs, and highlighted artificial light echo reflective marker is posted at station meter two ends, and the length of station meter precision after three coordinate machine is measured demarcation and temperature correction is better than 5um.The material of station meter should have the little or metastable requirement of expansion coefficient, and this example is selected high strength chromium tungsten manganese alloy.The lower surface of station meter is better than 10um through milling back plane degree, and the difference of maximum ga(u)ge is 20um.Four foundation object staffs after processing are screwed rear rectangular and jointly form reference location device with reference column.When measurement, station meter surrounds group to be measured hole.
System for detecting verticality comprises image processing system, data processing module and output display module.Image processing system is processed the image obtaining the centre coordinate that obtains each hole, and data processing module carries out verticality conversion after receiving the centre coordinate in each hole, and net result is exported through output display module.
Image processing system adopts the form that is arranged on the software in computing machine, comprises altogether reading images module, image pretreatment module, coordinate marginal position module, Canny module, edge identification module and ellipse fitting module.
Image pretreatment module after image gray processing submodule is processed, is carried out filtering and is finally proposed by image binaryzation submodule the numerical value of each point by obtained picture by image filtering submodule.
Image processing system is obtaining after image, length using station meter utilizes length constraint condition to list error equation group as controlling benchmark, calculate the necessary elements of exterior orientation of image, according to image coordinate correcting inclination and normal case photography theory, obtain treating on the reference field of plate pipe the actual coordinate of gaging hole; Finally carry out the feature geometries analysis in each hole, realize and measuring.
Utilize the detection method of said detecting system to group's hole perpendicularity, its feature is that the method comprises the following steps, (taking 100 holes on to be measured as example):
1, subregion mark are carried out in the hole that will measure two reference planes in group hole, first mark first reference plane, as Fig. 3 a dashed region, while measurement for the first time, upper left hole are demarcated as to (1,1) hole, i.e. hole 21, and label is increased progressively from top to bottom by left-to-right,
(10,1) are hole 22, and (10,10) are hole 23, and (1,10) is hole 24; And reference location device is arranged on to this reference plane.
2, mounting industrial camera, makes camera lens plane parallel with reference plane.Regulate cold light source and camera focus, obtain high quality graphic.
3, computing machine is processed the digital picture receiving, accurately determine center of circular hole and edge, utilize the high precision known length value of station meter as controlled condition, pass through geometric rectification of imagery, obtain the orthograph picture of pore feature, correct through ratio, obtaining the actual value of pore characteristic quantity, is that initial point carries out coordinate conversion with the center of circle in (1,1) hole, it is from left to right the positive dirction of X-axis, be the positive dirction of Y-axis from top to bottom, obtain each hole, surveyed region central coordinate of circle, and store the first group of data obtaining.
4, by be measured Rotate 180 ° or at the opposite side of to be measured, second reference plane measured for the second time again, now first hole in the upper right corner is labeled as (1 ', 1 '), i.e. hole 25, label from right to left, from top to bottom increase progressively,
wherein, (10 ', 1 ') is hole 26, and (1 ', 10 ') is hole 27, and (10 ', 10 ') is hole 28.As calculated machine image after processing, obtain under the new coordinate that is initial point with the center of circle in (1 ', 1 ') hole the central coordinate of circle in each hole, survey region, and store second group of data, be the positive dirction of X-axis from right to left, be the positive dirction of Y-axis from top to bottom.
5, extract two groups of data, the corresponding central coordinate of circle in two ends, more same hole, as (1,1) and (1 ', 1 '), obtains
The hole depth of this deep hole is that H(H directly measures the distance between two reference planes), can obtain the verticality in this hole.The angle θ of the axis runout in this hole is:
θ=tan
-1(L/H);
Same method obtains porose verticality, and judges whether qualifiedly, and net result is shown.
Except verticality, also can obtain the various parameters such as surface apertures, bridge.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement, is characterized in that: comprising: industrial camera, reference location device, cold light source and system for detecting verticality;
To be measured has two reference planes that are parallel to each other, and group hole is uniformly distributed and is applied between two reference planes; Industrial camera, just to reference plane, obtains the picture rich in detail in two side group holes under the illumination of cold light source;
Reference location device is arranged on reference plane;
System for detecting verticality is proofreaied and correct the image in group hole by reference location device, and goes out the coordinate data in two cohort holes by image calculation, is calculated the verticality in group hole by two groups of coordinate datas.
2. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described to be measured, group hole comprises the hole that multiple rectangular arrays are arranged, and the axis in hole is perpendicular to reference plane.
3. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described reference location device comprises the station meter that four rhizospheres are orthogonal; In station meter is enclosed in group to be measured hole.
4. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the two ends of described station meter are provided with highlighted artificial light echo reflective marker, the measuring accuracy of station meter is less than 5um, the flatness of the lower surface of station meter is less than 10um, and the maximum ga(u)ge of station meter is poor is 20um.
5. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the material of described station meter is high strength chromium tungsten manganese alloy.
6. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described station meter is screwed as rectangle; Reference location device also comprises some reference columns that join with station meter.
7. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described system for detecting verticality comprises: image processing system, data processing module and output display module; Image processing system is processed image clearly obtain the centre coordinate in each hole;
The centre coordinate in each hole is carried out verticality conversion by data processing module;
Output display module is exported net result.
8. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection system based on vision measurement claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that:
Described image processing system comprises: reading images module, image pretreatment module, coordinate marginal position module,
Canny module, edge identification module and ellipse fitting module;
Image pretreatment module comprises: image gray processing submodule, image filtering submodule and image binaryzation submodule.
9. the group's hole perpendicularity detection method based on vision measurement, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A. by the group's hole subregion on a side group directrix plane of to be measured mark: while measurement for the first time, upper left hole is demarcated as to (1,1) hole, label by left-to-right, increase progressively from top to bottom,
wherein n is greater than 1 positive integer, and reference location device is installed on this side group directrix plane, and group hole, Jiang Gai district surrounds;
B. mounting industrial camera obtains the picture rich in detail of a side group directrix plane in step a under the illumination of cold light source;
C. system for detecting verticality is processed the image obtaining in step b, determine the center and peripheral in hole, utilize the high precision known length value of reference location device as controlled condition, by geometric rectification of imagery, obtain the orthograph picture of hole characteristic, correct through ratio, obtaining the actual value of hole characteristic amount, is that initial point carries out coordinate conversion with the center of circle in (1,1) hole, obtain the central coordinate of circle in each hole, surveyed region, and storage;
D. by be measured on surface level Rotate 180 ° opposite side reference plane is obtained picture rich in detail and is measured, or directly opposite side reference plane is obtained picture rich in detail and measured, now first hole in the upper right corner is labeled as (1 ', 1 '), label by the right side to left, increase progressively from top to bottom,
after system for detecting verticality is processed, obtain the central coordinate of circle in institute each hole, survey region under the new coordinate that is initial point with the center of circle in (1 ', 1 ') hole, and store;
E. extract two groups of coordinate datas, the central coordinate of circle (x in (a, b) hole of corresponding both sides, more same hole reference plane
a, y
b) and the central coordinate of circle (x in (a ', b ') hole
a', y
b'), obtain
The hole depth of this deep hole is H, can obtain the verticality in this hole, and the angle θ of the axis runout in this hole is:
F. repeating step e obtains porose verticality, and judges whether qualifiedly, and result is exported.
10. according to a kind of group's hole perpendicularity detection method based on vision measurement claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: in described step c to e, first read picture by reading images module, again by image pretreatment module by obtained picture through image gray processing submodule process after, carry out filtering by image filtering submodule, the numerical value of the center and peripheral in each hole is proposed by image binaryzation submodule, the last length using reference location device is as controlling benchmark, utilize length constraint condition to list error equation group, calculate the necessary elements of exterior orientation of picture, according to image coordinate correcting inclination and normal case photography theory, obtain the actual coordinate in group hole, to be measured surface.
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CN201410141149.1A CN103940374B (en) | 2014-04-09 | 2014-04-09 | Group's hole perpendicularity detecting system that group's hole perpendicularity detection method of a kind of view-based access control model measurement and the view-based access control model of employing the method are measured |
PCT/CN2014/092654 WO2015154487A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 | 2014-12-01 | Grouped holes verticality detection system and method based on visual measurement |
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