CN113237459B - Long-term monitoring method and monitoring system for building settlement - Google Patents
Long-term monitoring method and monitoring system for building settlement Download PDFInfo
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- CN113237459B CN113237459B CN202110398587.6A CN202110398587A CN113237459B CN 113237459 B CN113237459 B CN 113237459B CN 202110398587 A CN202110398587 A CN 202110398587A CN 113237459 B CN113237459 B CN 113237459B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-term monitoring method and a long-term monitoring system for building settlement, which belong to the field of engineering monitoring and comprise an analysis module, a camera module, a reference pile and a building; the camera module comprises a base, a laser plumb bob and a camera; the system has simple structure and good stability, and can monitor the settlement and displacement in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; shooting images of the building and the reference pile by using a camera so as to determine the settlement condition of the building; the standard curve established by the invention avoids the error caused by image deformation caused by phase difference caused by overlarge imaging aperture angle of the building shot by the camera when calculating the settlement value. The light absorption mark is used on the surface of a building, the optical filter is arranged at the front end of the camera device, imaging is carried out by utilizing natural light, and due to the absorption effect of the light absorption coating during imaging, the lowest brightness of the light absorption mark in imaging is ensured, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved; the reference pile is arranged, errors can be discharged before analysis, the laser plumb bob is arranged, and shooting accuracy can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering monitoring, in particular to a long-term monitoring method and a monitoring system for building settlement.
Background
In industrial and civil buildings, in order to master the settlement condition of the building and find the unfavorable settlement phenomenon of the building in time so as to take measures to ensure the safe use of the building and provide data for reasonable design in future, therefore, settlement observation must be carried out in the construction process of the building and after the building is put into operation.
In the prior art, the common settlement observation is that a level is used for manual measurement or a satellite is used for settlement measurement after a benchmark is set; some of these methods consume a large amount of resources and cannot be monitored for a long time;
in the prior art, an image monitoring method is used, but the shooting device cannot be too far away from or too close to a building, so that the shooting condition is unstable, and the practical application is difficult; in addition, the camera device with a large aperture angle often has a large difference, and the calculation error is also large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of large resource consumption, incapability of monitoring for a long time and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a building settlement long-term monitoring method and a monitoring system, wherein the system has a simple structure and good stability, and can monitor settlement and displacement in horizontal and vertical directions at one time; the method comprises the steps that images of a building and a reference pile are shot at intervals by a camera, so that the settlement condition of the building can be determined through the images; the standard curve established by the invention avoids the error caused by image deformation caused by phase difference caused by overlarge imaging aperture angle when the camera shoots the building and calculates the settlement value.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a long-term monitoring system for building settlement comprises an analysis module, a camera module, a reference pile and a building; the camera module comprises a base, a laser plumb bob and a camera, the laser plumb bob is arranged on the base, the camera is arranged on the laser plumb bob, and the camera is constantly vertical to the laser plumb bob so as to ensure that the shooting angle of the camera is horizontal;
the camera module and the reference pile are arranged outside the settlement influence range and are 100-300m away from the building; the number of the reference piles is more than two, the reference piles are arranged between the camera module and the building, the distances between the reference piles and the camera module are different, and meanwhile, the different reference piles can appear in a shot image when the camera module shoots the building and cannot be shielded mutually;
a light absorption mark is arranged on the reference pile, and a plurality of light absorption marks are arranged on the surface of the building; the building is shot by the camera module, the image shot by the camera is obtained by the analysis module, the distance between the light absorption mark on the reference pile and the laser mark on the building in the shot image is calculated according to the image, and the settlement height of the building is judged according to the distance.
Preferably, the light absorption marks on each reference pile are 4, and can be connected to form a quadrangle; the light absorption marks are distributed at intervals of 3-5m and randomly distributed, and any one light absorption mark can form a quadrangle with three adjacent light absorption marks.
Preferably, the light absorption mark is a circular point drawn by the light absorption paint, the camera module is provided with an optical filter, and the transmission wavelength of the optical filter is the same as the absorption wavelength of the light absorption paint, so that the lowest brightness of the light absorption mark in the image shot by the camera is ensured.
Preferably, the laser plumb bob comprises a horizontal ring, a CCD is arranged at the center of the horizontal ring, three connecting lines with equal length are connected to the lower side of the horizontal ring, the connecting lines are connected to the lower surface of the horizontal ring at equal intervals, the other ends of the connecting lines are connected with each other to form a node, a hanging wire is arranged on the lower side of the node, and a double Kong Ji light emitter is arranged below the hanging wire; the double-hole laser emitter emits two beams of laser upwards to irradiate the CCD in the center of the horizontal ring to form two light spots;
preferably, when the horizontal ring is in the horizontal position, the two light spots have equal distances from the center of the horizontal ring, and the connecting line of the two light spots passes through the center of the horizontal ring; when the horizontal ring is inclined, the positions of the two light spots are changed; the camera is arranged on the horizontal ring; the camera judges whether the horizontal ring is horizontal according to the position of the light spot acquired by the horizontal ring CCD.
A method for long-term monitoring of building settlement using a monitoring system, comprising the steps of:
Then, Q is established n And Y n The height standard curve of (1); i.e. each time Q is calculated n A Y can be calculated n Either by reading the mapQ in the image n Obtaining the height of the light absorption mark corresponding to the light absorption mark;
then establishes P n And X n A horizontal standard curve of (a); i.e. each time P is calculated n An X can be calculated n By reading P in the image n Obtaining the horizontal position of the corresponding light absorption mark, and recording the coordinate (M) of the light absorption mark on the reference pile n ,N n ) Position, thereby completing calibration;
step 3, image acquisition and processing, wherein the camera shoots an image of the building and sends the image to an analysis module; the analysis module performs noise reduction after acquiring the image, performs inverse color processing, and then binarizes the image to obtain an image with a completely black background and a completely white light absorption mark; the analysis module then calculates the coordinates of the center point of each white area, thus obtaining the coordinates (P) of the light absorption mark of the building n1 ,Q n1 ) And coordinates (M) of light-absorbing markers on the reference posts n1 ,N n1 )；
Step 4, coordinate detection: calculating the coordinates (M) of n light absorption marks on the reference pile n1 ,N n1 ) And coordinates (M) of n light-absorbing markers in the calibration image n ,N n ) Whether they are the same or not;
if they are the same then utilize (P) n1 ,Q n1 ) Directly carrying out the step 5;
if not:
calculating the horizontal coordinate difference M of n points n1 -M n Whether all the values are consistent and the difference value N of the vertical coordinates of N points n1 -N n Whether all are consistent；
If they are consistent then will (P) n1 ,Q n1 ) Correction of, let P n2 ＝P n1 -M n1 +M n ，Q n2 ＝Q n1 -N n1 +N n (ii) a Then utilize (P) n2 ,Q n2 ) Executing the step 5;
if the difference is not consistent, reporting a mistake to a worker, and waiting for maintenance;
step 5, the (P) in the step 4 n1 ,Q n1 ) Or (P) n2 ,Q n2 ) Substituting the horizontal standard curve and the height standard curve to obtain the actual coordinate (X) of each point in the building coordinate system n1 ,Y n1 ) Then calculating C for each point n ＝Y n1 -Y n (ii) a Obtaining the settlement height value of each point position, and then adding C n Averaging to obtain an average sedimentation value; then D for each point is calculated n ＝X n1 -X n (ii) a Obtaining the horizontal displacement value of each point, and then comparing D n And averaging to obtain an average translation value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has simple structure and good stability, and can monitor the settlement and displacement in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at one time; using a camera to shoot images of the building and the reference pile at intervals, so that the settlement condition of the building can be determined through the images; the standard curve established by the invention avoids the error caused by image deformation caused by phase difference caused by overlarge imaging aperture angle when the camera shoots the building in calculating the settlement value;
the light absorption marks are arranged on the surface of a building by using a coating, and the front end of the camera device is provided with the optical filter, so that imaging can be performed by using natural light, and the lowest brightness of the light absorption marks in imaging can be ensured due to the absorption effect of the light absorption coating during imaging, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved; the plurality of reference piles are arranged, errors can be discharged before analysis, the laser plumb bob is arranged, and shooting accuracy can be guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view a and a captured image b of the monitoring principle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the image after the reverse color processing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a laser plumb bob of the present invention;
a is a whole schematic diagram, and b is a partial schematic diagram;
in the figure: the device comprises a camera module 1, a reference pile 2, a building 3, a light absorption mark 4, an image 5, a horizontal ring 6, a CCD7 and a double-hole laser emitter 8.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore, the following embodiments are only used as examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1-4, a long-term monitoring system for building settlement comprises an analysis module, a camera module 1, a reference pile 2 and a building 3;
the camera module 1 comprises a base, a laser plumb bob and a camera, the laser plumb bob is arranged on the base, the camera is arranged on the laser plumb bob, and the camera is constantly vertical to the laser plumb bob so as to ensure that the shooting angle of the camera is horizontal;
the camera module 1 and the reference pile 2 are arranged outside the sedimentation influence range and are 100-300m away from the building; the number of the reference piles 2 is more than two, the reference piles 2 are arranged between the camera module 1 and the building 3, the distances from the reference piles 2 to the camera module 1 are different, and meanwhile, the different reference piles 2 can appear in a shot image 5 when the camera module 1 shoots the building 3 and cannot be shielded mutually;
a light absorption mark 4 is arranged on the reference pile 2, and a plurality of light absorption marks 4 are arranged on the surface of the building 3; the building 3 is shot by the camera module 1, the image 5 shot by the camera is obtained by the analysis module, the distance between the light absorption mark 4 on the reference pile 2 and the light absorption mark on the building 3 in the shot image 5 is calculated according to the image 5, and the settlement height of the building 3 is judged according to the distance.
The number of the light absorption marks 4 on each reference pile 2 is 4, and the light absorption marks can be connected to form a quadrangle; the light absorption marks 4 are arranged on the surface of the building 3, the light absorption marks 4 are distributed on the surface of the building 3, the intervals between the light absorption marks 4 on the surface of the building 3 are 3-5m, and the light absorption marks 4 are randomly distributed, so that any one light absorption mark 4 and three adjacent light absorption marks 4 form a quadrangle.
The light absorption mark 4 is a dot drawn by the light absorption coating, the camera module 1 is provided with an optical filter, and the transmission wavelength of the optical filter is the same as the absorption wavelength of the light absorption coating, so that the lowest brightness of the light absorption mark 4 in the image 5 shot by the camera is ensured.
The laser plumb bob comprises a horizontal ring 6, a CCD7 is arranged in the center of the horizontal ring 6, three connecting lines with equal length are connected to the lower side of the horizontal ring 6, the connecting lines are connected to the lower surface of the horizontal ring 6 at equal intervals, the other ends of the connecting lines are mutually connected to form a node, a hanging wire is arranged on the lower side of the node, and a double-hole laser emitter 8 is arranged below the hanging wire; the double-hole laser emitter 8 emits two beams of laser upwards to irradiate the CCD7 in the center of the horizontal ring 6 to form two light spots;
when the horizontal ring 6 is in a horizontal position, the distances from the two light spots to the center of the horizontal ring 6 are equal, and the connecting line of the two light spots passes through the center of the horizontal ring 6; when the horizontal ring 6 is inclined, the positions of the two light spots are changed; the camera is arranged on the horizontal ring 6; the camera judges whether the horizontal ring 6 is horizontal according to the position of the light spot acquired by the CCD7 of the horizontal ring 6.
Example 2:
a method for long-term monitoring of building settlement using a monitoring system, comprising the steps of:
Then, Q is established n And Y n The height standard curve of (a); i.e. each time Q is calculated n A Y can be calculated n Either by reading Q in image 5 n Obtaining the height of the light absorption mark 4 corresponding to the height;
then establishes P n And X n A horizontal standard curve of (a); i.e. each time P is calculated n An X can be calculated n By reading P in the image 5 n The horizontal position of the corresponding light absorption mark 4 is obtained, and then the coordinate (M) of the light absorption mark 4 on the reference pile 2 is recorded n ,N n ) Position, thereby completing calibration;
step 3, image 5 acquisition and processing stepThe camera takes an image 5 of the building 3 and sends the image 5 to the analysis module; the analysis module firstly performs noise reduction after acquiring the image 5, then performs reverse color processing, and then binarizes the image 5, thereby obtaining the image 5 with completely black background and completely white light absorption mark 4; the analysis module then calculates the coordinates of the central point of each white area, thus obtaining the coordinates (P) of the light-absorbing markers 4 of the building 3 n1 ,Q n1 ) And the coordinates (M) of the light-absorbing mark 4 on the reference pile 2 n1 ,N n1 )；
Step 4, coordinate detection: calculating the coordinates (M) of the n light absorption marks 4 on the reference pile 2 n1 ,N n1 ) And coordinates (M) of n light-absorbing markers 4 in the calibration image 5 n ,N n ) Whether they are the same or not;
if they are the same then utilize (P) n1 ,Q n1 ) Directly carrying out the step 5;
if not:
calculating the horizontal coordinate difference M of n points n1 -M n Whether all the values are consistent, and the difference value N of the vertical coordinates of N points n1 -N n Whether all are consistent;
if they are consistent then (P) n1 ,Q n1 ) Correction, another P n2 ＝P n1 -M n1 +M n ，Q n2 ＝Q n1 -N n1 +N n (ii) a Then utilize (P) n2 ,Q n2 ) Executing the step 5;
if the difference is not consistent, reporting a mistake to a worker, and waiting for maintenance;
step 5, the (P) in the step 4 n1 ,Q n1 ) Or (P) n2 ,Q n2 ) Substituting the horizontal standard curve and the height standard curve to obtain the actual coordinate (X) of each point in the coordinate system of the building 3 n1 ,Y n1 ) Then calculating C for each point n ＝Y n1 -Y n (ii) a Obtaining the settlement height value of each point position, and then adding C n Averaging to obtain an average sedimentation value; then D is calculated for each point n ＝X n1 -X n (ii) a Obtaining the horizontal displacement value of each point, and then dividing D n And averaging to obtain an average translation value.
After step 5 is executed each time, monitoring is not carried out on the same day, and step 2 is repeated after 10 pm on the next day.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall cover the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A long-term monitoring method for building settlement is realized by utilizing a long-term monitoring system for building settlement, and the long-term monitoring system for building settlement comprises an analysis module, a camera module (1), a reference pile (2) and a building (3); the camera module (1) comprises a base, a laser plumb bob and a camera, wherein the laser plumb bob is arranged on the base, the camera is arranged on the laser plumb bob, and the camera is constantly kept vertical to the laser plumb bob so as to ensure that the shooting angle of the camera is horizontal; the camera module (1) and the reference pile (2) are arranged outside the sedimentation influence range and are 100-300m away from the building (3); the number of the reference piles (2) is more than two, the reference piles are arranged between the camera module (1) and the building (3), the distances between the reference piles (2) and the camera module (1) are different, and meanwhile, the different reference piles (2) can appear in a shot image (5) when the camera module (1) shoots the building (3) and cannot be shielded mutually; the reference pile (2) is provided with light absorption marks (4), and the surface of the building (3) is provided with a plurality of light absorption marks (4); shooting a building (3) by using a camera module (1), acquiring an image (5) shot by a camera by using an analysis module, calculating the distance between a light absorption mark (4) on a reference pile (2) and the light absorption mark on the building (3) in the shot image (5) according to the image (5), and judging the settlement height of the building (3) according to the distance;
the number of the light absorption marks (4) on each reference pile (2) is 4, and the light absorption marks can be connected to form a quadrangle; the light absorption marks (4) are arranged on the surface of the building (3), the light absorption marks (4) are distributed on the surface of the building (3), the intervals among the light absorption marks (4) on the surface of the building (3) are 3-5m, the light absorption marks (4) are randomly distributed, and any one light absorption mark (4) can form a quadrangle with three adjacent light absorption marks (4);
the light absorption mark (4) is a circular point drawn by the light absorption coating, the camera module (1) is provided with an optical filter, and the transmission wavelength of the optical filter is the same as the absorption wavelength of the light absorption coating, so that the lowest brightness of the light absorption mark (4) in an image (5) shot by the camera is ensured;
the laser plumb bob comprises a horizontal ring (6), a CCD (7) is arranged at the center of the horizontal ring (6), three equilong connecting wires are connected to the lower side of the horizontal ring (6), the connecting wires are connected to the lower surface of the horizontal ring (6) at equal intervals, the other ends of the connecting wires are mutually connected to form a node, a hanging wire is arranged on the lower side of the node, and a double-hole laser emitter (8) is arranged below the hanging wire; the double-hole laser emitter (8) emits two beams of laser upwards to irradiate the CCD (7) at the center of the horizontal ring (6) to form two light spots; when the horizontal ring (6) is in a horizontal position, the distances between the two light spots and the center of the horizontal ring (6) are equal, and the connecting line of the two light spots passes through the center of the horizontal ring (6); when the horizontal ring (6) is inclined, the positions of the two light spots are changed; the camera is arranged on the horizontal ring (6); the camera judges whether the horizontal ring (6) is horizontal according to the position of the light spot acquired by the CCD (7) of the horizontal ring (6);
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calibrating an instrument, namely under the condition of ensuring horizontal shooting of a camera module (1), firstly, taking a plane of a building (3) facing to the direction of a camera as an XOY plane, taking the ground as an X axis, taking one edge of the plane of the building (3) as a Y axis, and measuring a central point coordinate (X axis) of a light absorption mark (4) on the surface of the building (3) n ,Y n ) Wherein n denotes the n-th light-absorbing mark (4), and the coordinate axis is established such that X is guaranteed n >And Y is n >0; then, the building (3) is shot by a camera to obtain a calibration image (5), the calibration image (5) is processed to establish a rectangular coordinate system, and coordinates (P) of the light absorption mark (4) of the building (3) in the calibration image (5) are obtained n ,Q n ) And coordinates (M) of a light-absorbing mark (4) on the reference pile (2) n ,N n )；
Then, Q is established n And Y n Height mark ofA quasi curve; i.e. each time Q is calculated n A Y can be calculated n Can be read by reading Q in the image (5) n Obtaining the height of the light absorption mark (4) corresponding to the light absorption mark;
then establishes P n And X n The horizontal standard curve of (a); i.e. each time P is calculated n An X can be calculated n Can be read by reading P in the image (5) n The horizontal position of the corresponding light absorption mark (4) is obtained, and then the coordinate (M) of the light absorption mark (4) on the reference pile (2) is recorded n ,N n ) Position, thereby completing calibration;
step 2, self-checking, namely, a laser plumb bob laser emitter (8) emits laser between 10 and 14 noon every day, a CCD (7) of a horizontal ring (6) receives laser irradiation and acquires the positions of laser irradiation spots, the distances from the two spots to the center of the horizontal ring (6) are equal, and a connecting line of the two spots penetrates through the center of the horizontal ring (6), the camera is considered to be horizontal and stable in position, the step 3 is continued, if the conditions are not met, an indicator lamp is used for alarming, and then the positions of the spots on the CCD are continuously monitored until the conditions are met;
step 3, acquiring and processing an image (5), wherein the camera shoots the image (5) of the building (3) and sends the image (5) to an analysis module; the analysis module firstly performs noise reduction after acquiring the image (5), then performs reverse color processing, and then binarizes the image (5) to obtain an image (5) with a completely black background and a completely white light absorption mark (4); the analysis module then calculates the coordinates of the central point of each white area, thus obtaining the coordinates (P) of the light-absorbing markers (4) of the building (3) n1 ,Q n1 ) And the coordinates (M) of the light absorption mark (4) on the reference pile (2) n1 ,N n1 )；
Step 4, coordinate detection: calculating the coordinates (M) of n light absorption marks (4) on the reference pile (2) n1 ,N n1 ) And coordinates (M) of n light-absorbing markers (4) in the calibration image (5) n ,N n ) Whether they are the same or not;
if they are the same then utilize (P) n1 ,Q n1 ) Directly carrying out the step 5;
if not:
calculating the horizontal coordinate difference M of n points n1 -M n Whether all the values are consistent, and the difference value N of the vertical coordinates of N points n1 -N n Whether all are consistent;
if they are consistent then will (P) n1 ,Q n1 ) Correction, another P n2 ＝P n1 -M n1 +M n ，Q n2 ＝Q n1 -N n1 +N n (ii) a Then utilize (P) n2 ,Q n2 ) Executing the step 5;
if the difference is not consistent, reporting a mistake to a worker, and waiting for maintenance;
step 5, the (P) in the step 4 n1 ,Q n1 ) Or (P) n2 ,Q n2 ) Substituting the horizontal standard curve and the height standard curve to obtain the actual coordinate (X) of each point in the coordinate system of the building (3) n1 ,Y n1 ) Then calculating C for each point n ＝Y n1 -Y n (ii) a Obtaining the settlement height value of each point position, and then adding C n Averaging to obtain an average sedimentation value; then D is calculated for each point n ＝X n1 -X n (ii) a Obtaining the horizontal displacement value of each point, and then dividing D n And averaging to obtain an average translation value.
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| CN116824518B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-10 | 四川嘉乐地质勘察有限公司 | Pile foundation static load detection method, device and processor based on image recognition |
| CN117289263A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-12-26 | 武汉新朗光电科技有限公司 | Building deformation monitoring radar and monitoring method |
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