JPH07111346B2 - Method for detecting displacement of construct and target plate used therefor - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for detecting displacement of a structure and a target plate used for the method. More specifically, a reference plate such as a laser beam is applied to a target plate attached to a reference position of various structures from a predetermined position. The present invention relates to a method of irradiating and detecting a displacement of a construct from a positional relationship between a light receiving point of the reference light and a reference point provided on a target plate.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, laser beams have been used to measure the displacement of structures during the construction of various structures, tunnel construction, durability test of structures, aging inspection of existing buildings, ground subsidence inspection, bridge subsidence, etc. The detection method using the reference light is performed. For example, FIGS. 9 and 10 show an example of detecting the displacement of the upper layer portion when building a building. This method is performed when vertically connecting reference parts of a building, for example, steel columns and the like, to each other, and a semitransparent flat target plate 2 is attached to a predetermined position on the outer surface of the upper structure 1. At the same time, the laser light emitter 4 is arranged at a predetermined position on the outer surface portion of the lower structure 3, for example, a predetermined position on the foundation.
The target plate 2 is irradiated with the optical axis of the laser light emitter 4 as shown in FIG.

Then, the laser beam R radiated on the target plate 2 is photographed by the CCD camera 6 or the like, and the light receiving point (laser spot) of the laser beam R spotted first is set as a virtual origin 5 and stored in the memory. I will memorize it. Further, the position of the structure 3 is adjusted so that the laser spot 7 of the laser beam R irradiated on the target plate 2 supported by the structure 3 arranged on the upper side corresponds to the stored virtual origin 5.

[0004]

However, the conventional target plate 2 can detect that the upper structure 1 is displaced with respect to the lower structure 3 from the positional relationship with the laser spot 7. But the upper and lower structure 1
It was not possible to extract the displacement amount of as the actual displacement dimension. For this reason, when the position of the upper structure 1 is adjusted, the position of the laser beam R that first strikes the target plate 2 is set as the origin, and the position of the upper structure 1 is adjusted.
The moving amount of the laser spot 7 on the surface of the target plate 2 when moving was calculated as the moving amount of the upper structure 1 by image processing.

Therefore, in the conventional method, the position of the origin changes if the camera 6 for image pickup slightly shakes, which causes an error. Therefore, it is necessary to firmly fix the camera 6 to the structure. there were. Further, in order to minimize the influence of camera shake, the camera 6 needs to be installed as close to the target plate 2 as possible. Further, it is necessary to perform a scale adjustment for converting the displacement amount in the image processing into the actual displacement dimension according to the magnification of the image capturing. After the setup is completed, the scale 8 is applied to the target plate 2 to capture the image, and the image processing is performed. Work was required to achieve the above reference dimensions. Moreover, it is necessary to align the X-axis and Y-axis of the camera 6 with the X-axis and Y-axis of the structure in order to match the directionality of the moving direction of the position adjustment of the upper structure 1 with that of the imaged object. , It took a lot of time and effort to perform this matching work with high accuracy.

Therefore, the present invention is a method of irradiating the above-mentioned reference light to the target plate to detect the displacement of the construct, and the setup can be performed by a simple procedure, and the target plate is imaged by a camera from an appropriate position. It is an object of the present invention to provide a structure displacement detection method capable of calculating the displacement amount of a structure with actual dimensions by simply performing image processing, and a target plate used therefor.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for detecting displacement of a construct according to the present invention comprises irradiating a target plate attached to the construct with reference light, and a reference point provided on the target plate and the above-mentioned reference point. In a method of detecting a displacement of a structure based on a positional relationship with a light receiving point of reference light, a plurality of reference marks are provided on the target plate at predetermined intervals, the target plate is imaged and image processing is performed, and the plurality of reference The displacement of the structure is detected from the positional relationship between the mark and the light receiving point of the reference light. Further, in the present invention, by arranging the plurality of reference marks in a reference direction of the building, for example, north-south direction, east-west direction, vertical direction, a direction parallel or orthogonal to one side surface of the building, etc. The displacement amount and the displacement amount in the direction orthogonal thereto, that is, the reference direction of the structure is X.
It is characterized in that the amount of displacement in the X-Y two-dimensional direction with respect to the axis is calculated by the actual dimensions of X and Y, and further, the displacement angle is calculated by irradiating the target plate with the two reference lights in parallel. It has a feature.

[0008]

[Operation] According to the above configuration, since the target plate is provided with a plurality of reference marks in advance at predetermined intervals, when the target plate is imaged and image processing is performed, the distance between the reference marks and their positions are set. The reference dimension and direction can be obtained from (direction). Therefore, the displacement of the light receiving point with respect to the planned origin, that is, the deviation of the structure can be calculated as the actual dimension from the positional relationship between the light receiving point of the standard light with which the target plate is irradiated and the reference mark. At this time, even if the position of the light-receiving point of the reference light moves on the imaged image due to the camera being shaken, the reference mark also moves on the image at the same time, so the positional relationship between the points may change. There is no influence on the calculation of the displacement amount.

Further, by irradiating the target plate with two parallel reference lights, an angle between a straight line passing through a plurality of reference marks set in advance and a straight line passing through the light receiving points of the two reference lights is determined. It is possible to know the displacement angle of the structure, for example, the inclination or the twist.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. First, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a target plate of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view and FIG. 2 is a plan view. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an automated construction method for building construction, which is one of the objects to which the method of the present invention is applied, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state at the time of displacement measurement, and FIG. 5 is an arithmetic processing unit for calculating the displacement amount. 6 is a flowchart of the arithmetic processing unit. 7 and 8 are explanatory diagrams of a method of detecting the displacement angle of the construct by using two reference lights.

First, the target plate 11 is formed of, for example, a transparent or semi-transparent synthetic resin board, and is attached to a predetermined position of the structure through a mounting member (not shown). The target plate 11 is provided with two reference marks 12 and 13 at appropriate intervals. The positions of the reference marks 12 and 13 are arbitrary, but it is preferable to provide them on a straight line parallel to one side of the target plate 11 in terms of handling.

The target plate 11 is used for detecting displacement in an automated construction method for building as shown in FIG. 3, for example. This automated method is used on the top floor 21 of the building.
The first part is built, and the top floor 2
While lifting up 1, the cranes 23 installed on the uppermost floor 21 are used to successively construct the lower floor portions 24. In such a construction method, it is necessary to stack the lower floor and the upper floor at positions that are surely set at the time of constructing each floor portion 24, and when fixing the lower floor and the upper floor, the displacement of both is detected. However, the upper floors are moved to the design position by using the structure moving means such as the crane 23 and the hydraulic jack.

To detect the displacement between the lower floor and the upper floor, as shown in FIG. 4, the target plate 11 is attached at a predetermined position on the upper floor 25, and the lower floor 26 is opposed to the target plate 11. Then, the laser light emitter 14 is attached, and the CCD camera 15 provided on the uppermost floor 21 images the target plate 11. The target plate 11 and the laser light emitter 14 are installed such that the planned origin of the target plate 11 and the optical axis of the laser light emitter 14 are located on the same straight line in design. Also, C
The CD camera 15 is also arranged on a straight line passing through the target plate 11 and the laser light emitter 14.

Laser light, which serves as reference light, is emitted from the laser light emitter 14 toward the target plate 11, and as shown in FIGS.
Laser light receiving point (laser spot) 1
The displacement of the upper floor 25 relative to the lower floor 26 is detected from the positional relationship between 6 and the two reference marks 12 and 13, and the displacement amount is calculated in actual size.

The calculation of the displacement amount is as shown in FIG.
The image processing means 31 for binarizing the image of the target plate 11 captured by the CCD camera 15, the position and direction of the reference marks 12, 13 and the position information of the planned origin 17 with respect to the reference marks 12, 13 are stored. Memory 32
And the CPU 3 for calculating the displacement amount of the laser spot 16 based on the information from the image processing means 31 and the memory 32.
3 and the structure moving means 34 driven based on the displacement amount calculated by the CPU 33.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the image of the target plate 11 taken by the CCD camera 15 is
The image processing means 31 binarizes P1, P2, and L1 (see FIG. 2) to digitize the positions of the reference marks 12 and 13 and the laser spot 16 (S11). next,
The CPU 33 stores information on the intervals and directions of the reference marks 12 and 13 and the position of the planned origin 17 stored in the memory 32, and the reference marks 12 and 13 received from the image processing means 31.
And the coordinates of the laser spot 16 are determined from the position information of the laser spot 16 (S12), and the displacement amount of the laser spot 16 with respect to the planned origin 17 is calculated (S1).
3). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this displacement amount is obtained by setting a straight line passing through the reference marks 12 and 13 as the X axis, a direction orthogonal to the straight line as the Y axis, and setting one reference mark 12 as the origin. Is calculated as the X direction and the Y direction in the XY coordinate.

For example, the distance between the reference marks 12 and 13 of the target plate 11 is 300 mm, the reference mark 12 is
Is the origin side, and the coordinates of the planning origin 17, that is, the reference point is (1
50, 150), if the position of the laser spot 16 is calculated to be (100, 200),
-50 mm in X-axis direction and +50 in Y-axis direction as displacement amount
A result of mm is obtained. Then, based on this result, in order to move the upper floor 25 to a predetermined position, the CPU 33
To the construct moving means 34 in the X-axis direction +50 mm, Y
A drive command of -50 mm is given in the axial direction (S1
4). Therefore, in the automated construction method for building construction as described above, X in the target plate 11 is made to correspond to the reference direction of the building, the moving direction of the crane 23 provided on the uppermost floor 21, the extending direction of the hydraulic jack, and the like. By setting the axis and the Y-axis, the position of the upper floor 25 can be surely and easily corrected. Further, since the displacement amount can be obtained in the actual size, it becomes possible to automatically control the moving device for position correction, for example, the crane 23 or the hydraulic jack. The coordinates of the planning origin 17 are arbitrary, and one of the reference marks 12 and 13 may be the planning origin.

At this time, since the distance between the two reference marks 12 and 13 is known, even if the distance between the reference marks 12 and 13 on the picked-up image changes due to a change in the imaging magnification, it is easy. Since the relative positional relationship between the reference marks 12 and 13 and the laser spot 16 does not change even if the photographing magnification is different,
The displacement between the laser spot 16 and the planned origin 17 can be easily calculated in actual dimensions. Further, by setting the origin (0, 0) on the target plate 11 to one of the reference marks, the positional relationship between the origin and the laser spot 16 does not change even if the CCD camera 15 shakes during imaging, so the planned origin It does not affect the calculation of the displacement amount of the laser spot 16 with respect to 17. Therefore,
The degree of freedom of the installation position of the CCD camera 15 is increased, and it is possible to shoot with a telephoto lens from a distant position.
As shown in this embodiment, the CCD camera 15 is installed on the uppermost part 21 away from the target plate 11,
It can be installed at a position away from the structure, or it can be installed as it is until the construction is completed. Further, when the CCD camera 15 is installed, the CCD camera 1
It is not necessary to align the X-axis and Y-axis of 5 with the X-axis and Y-axis of the structure, and the target plate 11 and the laser light emitter 1
By attaching 4 to a predetermined position, the X-axis and the Y-axis can be read from the reference marks 12 and 13 of the target plate 11, so that the installation work of the CCD camera 15 becomes easy and the setup is performed by a simple procedure. be able to.

7 and 8 show an example in which the displacement angle of the construct is detected using two reference lights. The target plate 11 is formed similarly to the above,
It is attached to a predetermined position of the construct 51 for detecting the displacement angle. Then, the target plate 11 is irradiated with two laser beams serving as reference light, and a straight line passing through the two reference marks 12 and 13 provided on the target plate 11,
Two laser spots 52 by two laser beams,
The displacement angle of the construct is calculated from the angle relative to the straight line passing through 53.

In order to calculate the displacement angle, the target plate 11 is imaged and binarized by the image processing means in the same manner as described above, and the preset positions of the reference marks 12 and 13 and the laser spots 52 and 53 are set. Position and XY
This can be done by calculating as numerical values on the coordinates. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the reference marks 12, 1
When the straight line passing through 3 and the straight line passing through the laser spots 52 and 53 are parallel to each other, the displacement angle α = 0, that is, the construction is set at a predetermined position. If is not parallel, it can be seen that the construct is displaced at an angle α1 where the two straight lines intersect.
Moreover, by setting the positional relationship between the two laser beams in a reference direction such as the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the reference line direction of the building, the levelness of the building can be easily confirmed.

Therefore, by applying the present embodiment to the aforementioned automated construction method for building construction, the reference marks 12, 1
Upper floor 2 by 3 and either laser spot
It is possible to detect the displacement (deviation) in the X-Y direction of 4,
Reference marks 12, 13 and both laser spots 52, 53
With, the angular displacement (twist) of the upper floor 24 can be detected.

Although the target plate is provided with two reference marks in this embodiment, three or more reference marks may be provided. Further, the present invention can be used for detecting displacement of various structures other than building construction. For example, contrary to the above-described embodiment, by initially storing the state where the laser light hits the target plate as a reference state, it is possible to detect the subsequent displacement and strain such as secular change and ground subsidence after the test. It is also possible to detect vibration, shake, amplitude, etc.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Since it is possible to reliably detect the displacement of various structures and to obtain the amount of displacement in actual dimensions, it is possible to easily correct the position during the construction of the structure, and to accurately measure the amount of displacement during testing and inspection. It can be represented by a numerical value. In addition, the degree of freedom of the installation position of the camera that images the target plate is increased, and the installation work of the camera is facilitated. Further, by determining the installation direction of the reference mark and the reference direction of the building, or by setting them at a predetermined angle, it is possible to obtain the displacement amount in the XY rectangular coordinate system with respect to the reference direction (X axis) of the building. You can In addition, the displacement angle can be easily detected by using the two reference lights.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a target plate of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of an automated construction method for building construction.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state during displacement measurement.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an arithmetic processing unit that calculates a displacement amount.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the arithmetic processing unit of the same.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a method of detecting a displacement angle of a structure with two reference lights.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a method of detecting a displacement angle in the same manner.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a displacement detection method for a structure.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view for explaining the displacement detection method of the same construction.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a conventional target plate.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Target Plate 12, 13 Reference Mark 14 Laser Emitting Device 15 CCD Camera 16, 52, 53 Laser Spot 17 Planning Origin 21 Top Floor 22 Core 23 Crane 24 Each Floor Part 25 Upper Floor 26 Lower Floor 31 Image Processing Means 32 Memory 33 CPU 34 Construction moving means 51 Construction

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method of irradiating a target plate attached to a structure with reference light, and detecting a displacement of the structure based on a positional relationship between a reference point provided on the target plate and a light receiving point of the reference light. A plurality of reference marks are provided on the plate at predetermined intervals, the target plate is imaged and image processing is performed, and the displacement of the structure is detected from the positional relationship between the plurality of reference marks and the light receiving point of the reference light. A method for detecting displacement of a featured structure. 2. The reference mark is arranged in a direction parallel or orthogonal to the reference direction of the construct, and the displacement amount with respect to the reference direction of the construct is determined from the positional relationship between the reference mark and the light receiving point of the reference light. The method for detecting displacement of a structure according to claim 1, wherein the displacement amount with respect to the direction orthogonal to this is calculated with actual dimensions. 3. The target plate is irradiated with two reference lights in parallel, and the displacement angle of the construct is calculated from the positional relationship between the light receiving points of the two reference lights and the plurality of reference marks. The method for detecting displacement of a structure according to claim 1, wherein 4. A method for irradiating a target plate attached to a structure with reference light, and detecting a displacement of the structure based on a positional relationship between a reference point provided on the target plate and a light receiving point of the reference light. A target plate, wherein a plurality of reference points are provided at predetermined intervals on the target plate.