Background technology
Ovipository cycle is the main index that affects breeding layer chicken benefit, and lay eggs the later stage (50 week age to superseded time) accounted for laying period and approached 50% ratio, so the performance of the later stage production performance of laying eggs directly affects the benefit level that laying hen produces.Laying hen enters the later stage of laying eggs, and is faced with two serious problems: be on the one hand Intervention due to the endocrine reproductive hormone of body day by day fails, and pituitary follicular stimulating hormone (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH), progesterone P
4, estradiol E
2etc. various hormone concentrations, reduce gradually, cause follicular development to be restricted, ovulation amount reduces, and laying rate declines; On the other hand, increase along with laying hen age in days, egg size increases gradually, eggshell is heavy slightly to be increased, but do not catch up with the increase of egg size, so shell thickness is more and more thinner, eggshell quality worse and worse, being embodied in rate of broken eggs increases, and only by increasing calcium content, to improve the effect of eggshell quality obvious not.Most Diet Formula is obvious not to the improvement effect of the raising of the later stage Layer Production Performance of laying eggs and eggshell quality, and key is to fail to improve in laying hen body the secretion with the relevant hormone of laying eggs.
Existing technology is known, and alfalfa meal (Alfalfa meal) is of high nutritive value, is rich in vitamin, Grapeseed Oil, and contains isoflavones, daizeol class material, has the effect of phytoestrogen, can promote FSH, progesterone P in laying hen body
4, estradiol E
2deng the release with the relevant reproductive hormone of laying eggs, thereby ovulation rate improves laying rate.In feed, add quality alfalfa grass meal and can significantly improve laying rate, reduced feedstuff-egg ratio, improve yolk color.The people such as the Yang Yuxin (impact of Alfalfa Meal on production performance of layer chicken, Egg Quality and yolk color, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's journal, 2004, the 23rd the 3rd phase of volume) disclose and in laying hen diets, added different proportion alfalfa meal and improved in various degree shell thickness, (the Zhang Jingbiao such as its result and Zhang Jingbiao, Qiu Yexian, Ao little Lan. the impact [N] of alfalfa leaf protein on Yi Sha egg cuckoo production performance. Agricultural University Of Jiangxi's journal, 1996, (18) 4:455~458.) with clover Substitute For Partial dregs of beans, feed that to increase the result of shell thickness consistent for Yi Sha laying hen.
Betaine (Betaine) is a kind of alkaloid extracting from beet and molasses thereof, (betaine improves the mechanism research of Layer Production Performance to the people such as Zou Xiaoting, China's herding magazine, 2002, the 38th the 2nd phase of volume) disclosing betaine can be by strengthening adenohypophysis FSH and luteinizing principle (luteinizing hormone, LH) secretion, promote growing and ovulating of ovarian follicle, effectively suppressed the generation of follicle atresia, improve the quantity of effective egg cell, increase laying rate, promote egg protein and ovum fat deposition simultaneously, thereby improve laying rate of laying hen and efficiency of feed utilization.In addition, betaine has the function of transmethylase, can provide methyl, the Ca on activated membrane for cephalin in eggshell gland is converted in lecithin process
2+-ATPase, promotes that in blood, calcium, through eggshell gland, is accelerated the circulation rate of calcium ion in blood, promotes the formation of eggshell.Therefore betaine can improve shell thickness, improves eggshell quality.(betaine is on the impact of laying hen Egg Quality and mechanism research for the people such as Xu Zirong, journal of animal science and veterinary medicine, 2001, the 32 5th phase) disclosing the betaine that adds 600mg/kg in laying hen diet makes the shell thickness in 50 week age and 70 week age increase respectively 2.5%(P<0.08) and 10.81%(P<0.05), eggshell relative weight improves 6.69(P<0.05) and 6.94(P<0.05).
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can improve Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage laying rate and feed efficiency, raising shell thickness, improve eggshell quality and reduce the egg feedstuff of rate of broken eggs.
A kind of feed that improves Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage production performance and eggshell quality of the present invention, the component that contains following weight portion: corn 45-50 part, Soybean Meal 10-15 part, wheat 8-12 part, maize germ cake 5-10 part, alfalfa meal 3-6 part, calcium grain 4-6 part, brewex's grains 4-6 part, calcium powder 3-5 part, corn protein powder 2-4 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5-1 part, bentonite 0.1-0.2 part, vegetable fat 0.2-0.4 part, betaine 0.0005-0.0008 part, salt 0.2-0.4 part, lysine 0.2-0.4 part, B B-complex 0.1-0.2 part, choline 0.1-0.2 part, composite trace element 0.1-0.2 part, sodium acid carbonate 0.1-0.2 part, methionine 0.1-0.2 part, phytase 0.002-0.006 part.
Further preferably, the component that described feed contains following weight portion: 48.10 parts of corns, 12.88 parts of Soybean Meaies, 10 parts of wheats, 6 parts of maize germ cakes, 4 parts of alfalfa meals, 5.2 parts of calcium grains, 5 parts of brewex's grains, 3.5 parts of calcium powders, 3 parts of corn protein powders, 0.74 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 0.16 part of bentonite, 0.25 part of vegetable fat, 0.0006 part of betaine, 0.3 part of salt, 0.306 part of lysine, 0.15 part of B B-complex, 0.1 part, choline, 0.1 part of composite trace element, 0.1 part of sodium acid carbonate, 0.109 part of methionine, 0.005 part of phytase.
Feed of the present invention, wherein said B B-complex can obtain by purchase, preferably refers to the vitamin A, the vitamin D that contain any weight proportion
3, calcium pantothenate, vitamin E, Cobastab
2, Cobastab
1, Cobastab
6,cobastab
12, vitamin K
3, nicotinic acid, folic acid and biotin.More preferably the formula of described B B-complex is: in every 100 parts of B B-complexes, vitamin A accounts for 6 parts, vitamin D
3account for 1.2 parts, vitamin K
3account for 1.5 parts, vitamin E and account for 15 parts, Cobastab
1account for 1.2 parts, Cobastab
2account for 2.5 parts, Cobastab
6account for 0.8 part, Cobastab
12accounting for 0.5 part, nicotinic acid accounts for 0.8 part, folic acid and accounts for 0.8 part, calcium pantothenate and account for 4.8 parts, biotin and account for 5 parts, remainder is universal support, preferred generic carrier is meticulous rice bran meal, and meticulous rice bran meal is that rice is produced the byproduct rice bran meal of rice bran oil through expanded lixiviation process, crosses 40 mesh standard sieves and obtains.
Feed of the present invention, described composite trace element can obtain by purchase, preferably refers to the cupric sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, monohydrate zinc sulphate, calcium iodate and the sodium selenite that contain any weight proportion.More preferably the formula of composite trace element is: 3 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrates, 25 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrates, 30 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrates, 26 parts of monohydrate zinc sulphates, 5 parts of calcium iodates, 1.5 parts of sodium selenites in every 100 parts of composite trace elements, remainder is carrier bentonite.
Feed of the present invention, wherein said alfalfa meal be initial bloom stage clover dry through cradling, naturally drying, cross 20 mesh standard sieves after pulverizing and obtain.Calcium powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO
3) product of ore gained after essence is made processing, it is shaped as white, pale solid powdery, mainly as the raw material of replenishing the calcium.Calcium grain is actually oarse-grained lime stone (main component is calcium carbonate), uses the time of staying in muscular stomach long on laying hen, and utilization rate is high, can improve eggshell quality.
Described corn protein powder is the byproduct of corn kernel after medical industry is produced starch or brewing industry purification; Maize germ cake is that maize milling process is carried the byproduct after oil; Brewex's grains refer to the leftover bits and pieces with barley beer brewing; Vegetable fat refers to soybean oil, corn oil or vegetable fat well known in the art, and Analysis of Nutritive Composition guarantee value is crude protein >=16.0%, energy >=2700 kilocalorie, moisture≤14.0%, coarse ash≤14.0%, calcium 3.0%-4.0%, total phosphorus >=0.60%, salt 0.3-0.6%, lysine >=0.75%, methionine >=0.45%.
The invention still further relates to the method for the above-mentioned feed of preparation, first initial bloom stage clover is cradled, naturally dried dry, rear 20 mesh standard sieves of crossing of pulverizing.By described proportioning, take alfalfa meal, calcium powder, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase.After first alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase being mixed, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, mix rear standby.Crush maize is crossed to 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains are crossed 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine in described ratio with corn protein powder and calcium grain (the two is not all pulverized), vegetable fat, then add the aforementioned standby component obtaining to mix, obtain.
The present invention is through strict scientific experiment, and the mensuration by nutritive indexs such as required crude protein of Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage, calcium, phosphorus, amino acid, obtains needed main nutrient composition index of Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage.On this basis, according to the nutritional need in Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage and the behavior of searching for food, through to the screening of feedstuff and optimization, draw feed formula of the present invention.
Feed of the present invention has been used alfalfa meal and betaine in Egg Production of Laying Hens later stage Diet Formula, Nutritive Value of Alfalfa Meal is high, be rich in vitamin, Grapeseed Oil, and contain isoflavones, daizeol class material, there is the effect of phytoestrogen, can promote FSH, progesterone P in laying hen body
4, estradiol E
2deng the release with the relevant reproductive hormone of laying eggs, thereby ovulation rate improves laying rate.Betaine is by providing the synthetic of effective methyl, promotion methylate phosphatide and carnitine, thereby strengthen the delivery of laying hen fat and oxidation energy supply, for the gross weight of laying eggs in the raising unit interval is supplied with sufficient basic substance (yolk fat deposition) and energy demand, and can strengthen the secretion of adenohypophysis FSH and LH, promote growing and ovulating of ovarian follicle, effectively suppressed the generation of follicle atresia, improve the quantity of effective egg cell, increase laying rate, promote egg protein and ovum fat deposition simultaneously, thereby improve laying rate of laying hen and efficiency of feed utilization.In addition, betaine has the function of transmethylase, can provide methyl, the Ca on activated membrane for cephalin in eggshell gland is converted in lecithin process
2+-ATPase, promotes that in blood, calcium, through eggshell gland, is accelerated the circulation rate of calcium ion in blood, promotes the formation of eggshell.Therefore, betaine can improve shell thickness, improves eggshell quality.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and test data, to the present invention is above-mentioned, be described in more detail with other technical characterictic and advantage.
Embodiment 1
Accurately weigh following raw materials according (kg): corn 45, Soybean Meal 10, wheat 8, maize germ cake 5, alfalfa meal 3, calcium grain 4, brewex's grains 4, calcium powder 3, corn protein powder 2, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5, bentonite 0.1, vegetable fat 0.2, betaine 0.0005, salt 0.2, lysine 0.2, B B-complex (commercially available) 0.1, choline 0.1, composite trace element (commercially available) 0.1, sodium acid carbonate 0.1, methionine 0.1, phytase 0.002.
After first alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase being mixed, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, mix rear standby.Crush maize is crossed to 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains are crossed 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine in described ratio with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat, then add standby component to mix, sealing pack, feeds feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Embodiment 2
Accurately weigh following raw materials according (kg): corn 50, Soybean Meal 15, wheat 12, maize germ cake 10, alfalfa meal 6, calcium grain 6, brewex's grains 6, calcium powder 5, corn protein powder 4, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1, bentonite 0.2, vegetable fat 0.4, betaine 0.0008, salt 0.4, lysine 0.4, B B-complex (commercially available) 0.2, choline 0.2, composite trace element (commercially available) 0.2, sodium acid carbonate 0.2, methionine 0.2, phytase 0.006.
After first alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase being mixed, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, mix rear standby.Crush maize is crossed to 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains are crossed 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine in described ratio with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat, then add standby component to mix, sealing pack, feeds feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Embodiment 3
Accurately weigh following raw materials according (kg): corn 50, Soybean Meal 10, wheat 8, maize germ cake 10, alfalfa meal 5, calcium grain 6, brewex's grains 4, calcium powder 3, corn protein powder 4, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5, bentonite 0.1, vegetable fat 0.3, betaine 0.0007, salt 0.4, lysine 0.35, B B-complex (commercially available) 0.15, choline 0.15, composite trace element (commercially available) 0.2, sodium acid carbonate 0.2, methionine 0.15, phytase 0.004.
After first alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase being mixed, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, mix rear standby.Crush maize is crossed to 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains are crossed 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine in described ratio with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat, then add standby component to mix, sealing pack, feeds feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Embodiment 4
Accurately weigh following raw materials according (kg): corn 48.10, Soybean Meal 12.88, wheat 10, maize germ cake 6, alfalfa meal 4, calcium grain 5.2, brewex's grains 5, calcium powder 3.5, corn protein powder 3, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.74, bentonite 0.16, vegetable fat 0.25, betaine 0.0006, salt 0.3, lysine 0.306, B B-complex 0.15, choline 0.1, composite trace element 0.1, sodium acid carbonate 0.1, DL-METHIONINE 0.109, phytase 0.005.
The formula of described B B-complex is: in every 100 parts of B B-complexes, vitamin A accounts for 6 parts, vitamin D
3account for 1.2 parts, vitamin K
3account for 1.5 parts, vitamin E and account for 15 parts, Cobastab
1account for 1.2 parts, Cobastab
2account for 2.5 parts, Cobastab
6account for 0.8 part, Cobastab
12account for 0.5 part, nicotinic acid and account for 0.8 part, folic acid and account for 0.8 part, calcium pantothenate and account for 4.8 parts, biotin and account for 5 parts, remainder is the meticulous rice bran meal of universal support.
The formula of described composite trace element is: in every 100 parts of composite trace elements, contain 3 parts of cupric sulfate pentahydrates, 25 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrates, 30 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrates, 26 parts of monohydrate zinc sulphates, 5 parts of calcium iodates, 1.5 parts of sodium selenites, remainder is carrier bentonite.
After first alfalfa meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, bentonite, betaine, salt, lysine, B B-complex, choline, composite trace element, sodium acid carbonate, methionine, phytase being mixed, more fully mix 15-20 minute with calcium powder, mix rear standby.Crush maize is crossed to 6.0-7.0mm sieve, Soybean Meal, wheat, maize germ cake, brewex's grains are crossed 4.0mm sieve after pulverizing, drop in premixing machine in described ratio with corn protein powder and calcium grain, vegetable fat, then add standby component to mix, sealing pack, feeds feed during use by chicken feed intake.
Test example 5. proof test effect of the present invention
5.1 test materials and method
Select age 50 week later stage 3000 of the laying hens of laying eggs to carry out contrast test, test group one to four is for by the egg feedstuff of embodiment of the present invention 1-4 preparation, and control group is not for adding the common daily ration of alfalfa meal and betaine.Each processed group trophic level is consistent.Every group of 10 repetitions, each repeats 60 chickens, and experimental period, carried out 20 weeks altogether from 50 weeks to 70 weeks.
5.2 feeding and management
Test four layers of chicken manures and raise in cages, 3 laying hens of every cage.Every morning 7:00 and afternoon each feeding of 14:00 once, free choice feeding and drinking-water.The method that adopts artificial lighting and natural lighting combination, every day, lighting delay number 16h, manually picked up egg, and other feedings and managements are carried out according to a conventional method.
5.3 test indexes are measured and method
5.3.1 test chicken performance test
After on-test every day each repeating groups test chicken of time recording egg number, lay eggs heavily, feed consumption rate, drinking-water, diet, the defecate situation of observing chicken, record dead chicken number.Yi Zhouwei unit's statistics laying rate, feedstuff-egg ratio, average every daily material consumption, average egg weight.
5.3.1 laying rate (%)=total egg number/total chicken number * 100
5.3.2 feedstuff-egg ratio=consumption feed total amount/the weight of always laying eggs
5.3.3 average every daily material consumption=day the laying hen number of total feed consumption rate/always
5.3.4 average egg weight=total egg size/total egg number
5.3.2 the mensuration of Egg Quality
While finishing 70 weeks at 50 weeks with feeding experiment respectively, each repeating groups is got 20 pieces of normal, complete eggs and is measured Egg Qualities.Eggshell strength adopts eggshell strength analyzer to measure.Albumen height, yolk color and hangh unit adopt multi-functional Egg Quality analyzer to measure.Shell thickness is measured with slide measure, gets respectively blunt end, the middle part of eggshell, the eggshell of sharp end is rejected after inner shell membrane, and detect thickness, asks its mean value.
5.4 data statistic analysis
Adopt SPSS16.0 statistical software to carry out one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparison analyse adopts LSD method.Note: above-mentioned numerical value is mean+SD.With the different capitalizations of column data shoulder mark, represent difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), different lowercase alphabets show significant difference (P<0.05), and same letter represents difference not remarkable (P>0.05).
5.5 result of the test
The production performance of table 1 different disposal group
The Egg Quality of table 2 different disposal group
Result of the test shows: 1,2,3,4 groups of laying rate of example of the present invention are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), and feedstuff-egg ratio and rate of broken eggs are significantly lower than control group (P<0.05) (table 1).Example 1-4 shell thickness of the present invention, eggshell proportion and eggshell strength are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05) (table 2).Wherein test group four is that embodiment 4 effects are best.In sum, egg feedstuff of the present invention to lay eggs later stage production performance and eggshell quality to improve effect remarkable.
Above-described embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the claims in the present invention book.