CN103926937B - A kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method and device. The method: first judge the external weather conditions, if it is sunny, then adopt the photoelectric detection tracking mode to realize automatic tracking of solar energy, if it is cloudy or insufficient light, then use the sun angle tracking mode, that is, calculate the height of the sun according to the real time Angle and azimuth, and realize solar automatic tracking according to the calculated sun altitude and azimuth. The method of the present invention combines the photoelectric detection and tracking method with the sun angle tracking method, which can make the solar cell panel change with the change of the sun's altitude angle and azimuth angle, so that it can always be kept perpendicular to the sun's rays, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell The method combined with the device not only improves the sensitivity of the solar tracking device, but also is not easily disturbed by weather and other light sources, and has high stability and small error.

Description

A high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method and device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic applications, in particular to a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method combining comprehensive sun angle tracking and photoelectric detection and tracking, especially a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method and device.

Background technique

The sun releases energy into the universe all the time, although only a tiny part of it reaches the earth. Even so, the solar radiation energy received by the earth's surface every minute is still as high as A kilowatt is equivalent to 6 billion tons of standard coal. Since the supply of solar radiation can be said to be continuous, so solar energy can be said to be inexhaustible relatively speaking. The use of solar power to generate electricity will not cause environmental pollution, and the use of clean energy to replace traditional fossil energy is the best choice for maintaining sustainable development. The development and utilization of solar energy has been valued by more and more countries. my country's photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry has gradually formed a scale, providing a strong support for the development of the photovoltaic industry. However, the utilization of solar energy is still very limited at present, and the average ex-factory efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells with high cost performance is about 16%.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method and device that can convert solar energy into electric energy to the greatest extent and improve the utilization rate of solar energy.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method, comprising the following steps,

Step S01: Judging the external weather conditions, if it is sunny, go to step S02, if it is cloudy or the light is insufficient, go to step S03;

Step S02: Adopt photoelectric detection and tracking mode to realize automatic tracking of solar energy;

Step S03: Adopt the sun angle tracking mode, that is, calculate the sun altitude and azimuth angle according to the real time, and realize automatic tracking of solar energy according to the calculated sun altitude angle and azimuth angle.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric detection tracking mode is specifically as follows,

Step S21: provide a photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit, the photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit and single-chip microcomputer control module and solar photovoltaic array, the photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 photosensitive diodes, and the first photosensitive diode among these photosensitive diodes As the center, it is arranged in a cross on the upper surface of a disc, and the disc is placed in a hollow cylindrical cover with a light-transmitting hole on the top, and each photodiode maintains a certain gap with its adjacent photodiodes;

Step S22: Determine whether the first photodiode is illuminated, if so, keep the orientation of the solar photovoltaic array, and re-execute step S22 after a predetermined time delay; if not, directly enter step S23;

Step S23: Determine whether the second to fifth diodes located in the four directions of the first photodiode are illuminated, if yes, adjust the orientation of the solar photovoltaic array, and re-execute step S22 after a predetermined time delay; if not, Directly re-execute step S22.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the sun angle tracking mode is specifically as follows,

Step S31: Read the real-time time and the latitude and longitude of the current location, and calculate the sun altitude and azimuth according to the real-time time and latitude and longitude;

Step S32: According to the solar altitude and azimuth and the length of the solar photovoltaic array, calculate the offset height of the solar photovoltaic array in the horizontal direction of the solar altitude angle and the offset height of the horizontal direction of the solar azimuth angle at this moment;

Step S33: After delaying for a predetermined time, calculate the offset height in the horizontal direction of the solar elevation angle and the offset height in the horizontal direction of the solar azimuth angle at the moment after the predetermined time;

Step S34: According to the offset height difference between two moments before and after the predetermined time, calculate the angle to be adjusted for the solar photovoltaic array, so as to ensure that the solar photovoltaic array is perpendicular to the angle of sunlight.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation method of the sun altitude and azimuth is as follows:

Let the corresponding interval of 365 days in a year be [0, π], and take the day angle: , A sequence of dates taken as the year, January 1 for 1, December 31 is 365, then the red tail radian for:

real sun angle for: , where The unit is degree, and 15 means that every hour is equivalent to 15° hour angle.

True solar time = local time + time difference = Beijing time + longitude correction + time difference = Beijing time + (local longitude -120 60+ time difference);

Time difference (rad) =

Time difference (hours) = Time difference (radians) 12

Let the sun's altitude and azimuth angle be and , the geographic latitude is ,but

It can be seen that as long as the time and latitude and longitude are fixed, the corresponding solar altitude and azimuth can be calculated by the above formula.

The present invention also provides a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking device, including a photoelectric detection and tracking module connected to a single-chip microcomputer control module for judging weather conditions; the single-chip microcomputer control module is also connected with a solar angle tracking module; The photoelectric detection and tracking module adopts the photoelectric detection and tracking mode to realize automatic tracking of solar energy; if it is cloudy or insufficient illumination, the solar angle tracking module is enabled, and the solar angle tracking mode is adopted to realize automatic solar tracking; the single-chip microcomputer control The module is also connected to the solar photovoltaic array through a motor module, and the solar photovoltaic array is also connected to the photoelectric detection and tracking module; the photoelectric detection and tracking module includes a cloudy and sunny day detection circuit and a photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the cloudy day detection circuit includes a first photodiode, a first operational amplifier, and first to fourth resistors; the negative terminal of the first photodiode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the first photodiode The positive terminal is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the positive terminal of the first photodiode is also connected to the ground through the first resistor; the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the ground through the second resistor, the first The three resistors are connected to the ground, and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is also connected to the positive pole of the power supply through the fourth resistor; the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and the VCC terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the power supply The positive pole is connected, and the VEE end of the first operational amplifier is connected to the ground.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric solar energy orientation detection circuit includes 5 photosensitive diodes, these photosensitive diodes are centered on the second photosensitive diode, and are distributed on the upper surface of a disc in the form of a cross, and each photosensitive diode and its adjacent A certain gap is maintained between the photosensitive diodes; the disc is placed in a hollow cylindrical cover with a light-transmitting hole at the top.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit further includes second to fifth operational amplifiers and fifth to ninth resistors; the negative terminals of the second to sixth photosensitive diodes are all connected to the positive pole of the power supply, so The positive terminals of the second to sixth photodiodes are also connected to the ground through the fifth to ninth resistors; the positive terminals of the second photodiode are connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier; the third photodiode The positive end of the photodiode is connected to the inverting input end of the second op amp; the positive end of the fourth photodiode is connected to the inverting input end of the third op amp; the positive end of the fifth photodiode is connected to the fourth op amp the inverting input terminal of the amplifier; the positive terminal of the sixth photodiode is connected to the inverting input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier; the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier, the fourth The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the single-chip microcomputer control module includes a single-chip microcomputer and four sets of motor drive circuits; the first motor drive circuit includes a diode, first to second triodes, a relay, and tenth to twelfth resistance; one pin of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the positive pole of the power supply through the tenth resistor, and this pin is also connected to the base of the first transistor through the eleventh resistor; the collector of the first transistor is connected to the tenth resistor One end of the second resistor is connected to the base of the second triode, the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, the collector of the second triode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply through a diode, and the second triode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The collector of the transistor is also connected to the positive pole of the power supply through a relay, and the emitters of the first to second transistors are all connected to the ground; the second to fourth motor drive circuits are all the same as the first motor drive circuit .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the motor module is a DC motor.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Adjust the angle of the photovoltaic array so that it is always perpendicular to the sunlight, so as to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic array to absorb light energy;

2. Adopt the tracking method combining photoelectric detection tracking and sun angle tracking to improve the tracking efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the control flow of the method of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the photoelectric detection and tracking of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a disc with five photodiodes distributed.

Figure 4 is a hollow cylindrical cover with a light-transmitting hole on the top.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the sun angle tracking in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a cloudy and sunny detection circuit.

Figure 8 is a photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit.

Fig. 9 is the circuit of the single-chip microcomputer control module.

detailed description

The technical solution of the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method of the present invention comprises the following steps,

Step S01: Judging the external weather conditions, if it is sunny, go to step S02, if it is cloudy or the light is insufficient, go to step S03;

Step S02: Adopt photoelectric detection and tracking mode to realize automatic tracking of solar energy;

Step S03: Adopt the sun angle tracking mode, that is, calculate the sun altitude and azimuth angle according to the real time, and realize automatic tracking of solar energy according to the calculated sun altitude angle and azimuth angle.

The present invention also provides a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking device, including a photoelectric detection and tracking module connected to a single-chip microcomputer control module for judging weather conditions; the single-chip microcomputer control module is also connected with a solar angle tracking module; The photoelectric detection and tracking module adopts the photoelectric detection and tracking mode to realize automatic tracking of solar energy; if it is cloudy or insufficient illumination, the solar angle tracking module is enabled, and the solar angle tracking mode is adopted to realize automatic solar tracking; the single-chip microcomputer control The module is also connected to the solar photovoltaic array through a motor module, and the solar photovoltaic array is also connected to the photoelectric detection and tracking module; the photoelectric detection and tracking module includes a cloudy and sunny day detection circuit and a photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit.

The cloudy day detection circuit includes a first photodiode, a first operational amplifier, and first to fourth resistors; the negative terminal of the first photodiode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the positive terminal of the first photodiode is connected to the first The positive terminal of the first photodiode is also connected to the ground through the first resistor; the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the ground through the second resistor and the third resistor, so The inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is also connected to the positive pole of the power supply through the fourth resistor; the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and the VCC terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. Put the VEE end connected to the ground.

The photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit includes 5 photodiodes, with the second photodiode among the photodiodes as the center, distributed on the upper surface of a disc in a cross shape, and each photodiode and its adjacent photodiodes are kept There is a certain gap; the disc is placed in a hollow cylindrical cover with a light-transmitting hole on the top.

The photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit also includes the second to fifth op amps (the LM423 integrating four op amps is used in the present invention) and the fifth to ninth resistors; the negative terminals of the second to sixth photodiodes are connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the positive terminals of the second to sixth photodiodes are also connected to the ground through the fifth to ninth resistors; the positive terminals of the second photodiode are connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier ; The positive end of the third photodiode is connected to the inverting input of the second op amp; the positive end of the fourth photosensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the third op amp; The positive terminal is connected to the inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier; the positive terminal of the sixth photosensitive diode is connected to the inverting input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier; the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the third operational amplifier The non-inverting input terminal of the fourth operational amplifier and the non-inverting input terminal of the fifth operational amplifier are connected.

The single-chip microcomputer control module includes a single-chip microcomputer and four groups of motor drive circuits; the first motor drive circuit includes a diode, first to second triodes, a relay and tenth to twelfth resistors; one of the single-chip microcomputers The pin is connected to the positive pole of the power supply through the tenth resistor, and the pin is also connected to the base of the first triode through the eleventh resistor; the collector of the first triode is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor, the second The base of the triode is connected, the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, the collector of the second triode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply through a diode, and the collector of the second triode is also connected to the positive pole of the power supply. Connect to the positive pole of the power supply through a relay, and the emitters of the first to second triodes are all connected to the ground; the second to fourth motor drive circuits are the same as the first motor drive circuit; the motor module is DC.

In order to let those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the following are specific embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking method, its realization process is as follows,

Step 1: Judging the external weather conditions, if it is sunny, go to step 2, if it is cloudy or there is insufficient light, go to step 3;

Step 2: Adopt photoelectric detection and tracking mode to realize automatic tracking of solar energy;

As shown in Figure 2, the photoelectric detection tracking mode is specifically as follows,

①: Provide a photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit (as shown in Figure 3-Figure 4), the photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit is connected with a single-chip microcomputer control module and a solar photovoltaic array, and the photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit includes 5 photosensitive diodes, with the Among the photodiodes, the second photodiode D0 is centered and arranged in a cross shape on the upper surface of a disc. The disc is placed in a hollow cylindrical cover with a light-transmitting hole at the top, and each photodiode is adjacent to it. The photodiodes keep a certain gap;

②: Determine whether the second photodiode D0 is illuminated, if so, keep the orientation of the solar photovoltaic array, and delay the predetermined time (15 minutes) to re-execute step ②; if not, directly enter step ③;

③: Determine whether the third to sixth diodes D1-D4 located in the four directions of the second photodiode are illuminated, if so, adjust the orientation of the solar photovoltaic array, and re-execute after a predetermined time delay (15 minutes) Step ②; if not, directly re-execute step ②;

As shown in Figure 2, Figure 8 and Figure 9, the specific process of the above step ③ is:

a. Determine whether D1 is illuminated (from step ② and Figure 8, it can be known that D0 is not illuminated, so the non-inverting input terminals of op amps U2-U5 are all low), if so (because D1 is illuminated at this time, U2’s reflection Phase input terminal is high level), through the motor drive circuit connected to the single chip microcomputer (as shown in Figure 9 is the motor drive circuit connected to the single chip microcomputer, and the four groups of motor drive circuits are the same as the motor drive circuit shown in the figure, the following No more description), control motor A in the motor module (the motor module includes motor A and motor B) to rotate forward, and re-execute step ②; if not (at this time because D1 is not illuminated, the inverting input terminal of U2 is low level), go to step b;

b. Determine whether D3 is exposed to light, if yes, control the motor A in the motor module to reverse through the motor drive circuit connected to the microcontroller, and re-execute step ②; if not, enter step c;

c. Determine whether D2 is exposed to light, if yes, control the motor B in the motor module to rotate forward through the motor drive circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and re-execute step ②; if not, enter step d;

d. Determine whether D4 is exposed to light, if yes, control the motor B in the motor module to reverse through the motor drive circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and re-execute step ②; if not, directly enter step ②;

Step 3: Use the sun angle tracking mode, that is, calculate the sun altitude and azimuth angle according to the real time, and realize automatic solar tracking according to the calculated sun altitude angle and azimuth angle.

As shown in Figure 5, the sun angle tracking mode is specifically as follows,

(1): Read the real-time time and the latitude and longitude of the current location, and calculate the solar altitude and azimuth according to the real-time time and latitude and longitude;

(2): According to the solar altitude and azimuth angle and the length of the solar photovoltaic array, calculate the offset height of the solar photovoltaic array in the horizontal direction of the solar altitude angle and the horizontal offset height of the solar azimuth angle at this moment;

(3): After delaying the scheduled time (15 minutes), calculate the offset height of the horizontal direction of the solar altitude angle and the offset height of the horizontal direction of the solar azimuth angle at the moment after the scheduled time (15 minutes);

(4): According to the offset height difference between the two moments before and after the predetermined time (15 minutes), calculate the angle that the solar photovoltaic array needs to adjust to ensure that the solar photovoltaic array is perpendicular to the angle of sunlight.

The calculation method of the above-mentioned solar altitude angle and azimuth angle is as follows:

Let the corresponding interval of 365 days in a year be [0, π], and take the day angle: , A sequence of dates taken as the year, January 1 for 1, December 31 is 365, then the red tail radian for:

real sun angle for: , where The unit is degree, and 15 means that every hour is equivalent to 15° hour angle.

True solar time = local time + time difference = Beijing time + longitude correction + time difference = Beijing time + (local longitude -120 60+ time difference);

Time difference (rad) =

Time difference (hours) = Time difference (radians) 12

Let the sun's altitude and azimuth angle be and , the geographic latitude is ,but

It can be seen that as long as the time and latitude and longitude are fixed, the corresponding solar altitude and azimuth can be calculated by the above formula. Using the function function of C51 language, the longitude and latitude appear in the program in the form of defined constants, and the real-time time is read by the clock chip, and the corresponding sun angle value at this moment is calculated. Combined with the preset model, the length of the solar photovoltaic array is used to calculate the height of the solar photovoltaic array at the time when the sun's altitude and azimuth are offset in the horizontal direction. After a delay of 15 minutes, use the same method to calculate the corresponding two The offset height in the direction, the time required for the motor to rotate can be calculated through the height difference between the two moments, so as to ensure that the entire photovoltaic array is always perpendicular to the angle of sunlight.

As shown in Figure 6, in order to realize the above method, the present invention also provides a high-efficiency solar energy automatic tracking device, which is mainly composed of a solar photovoltaic array 1, a photoelectric detection tracking module 2, a solar angle tracking module 3, a single-chip microcomputer control module 4, Composed of motor module 5; solar photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected to photoelectric detection and tracking module 2 and motor module 5, and the built-in cloudy and sunny detection circuit in photoelectric detection and tracking module 2 is used to judge the weather conditions, and the photoelectric detection and tracking module is enabled on sunny days with sufficient light 2. On cloudy days with insufficient light, start the sun angle tracking module 3; the photoelectric detection tracking module 2 and the sun angle tracking module 3 are connected to the single-chip control module 4, and the two tracking modules transmit electrical signals to the single-chip control module according to their respective tracking methods 4. Inside the single-chip microcomputer control module 4, the single-chip microcomputer commands the control circuit to work according to the detected electrical signal, and then controls the motor module 5 to work and adjust the angle of the solar photovoltaic array 1 to achieve the purpose of tracking.

The photoelectric detection and tracking module 2 includes a cloudy day detection circuit and a photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit. The cloudy day detection circuit is shown in Figure 7. A 2CU101D photodiode D is used in the circuit to detect the intensity of sunlight, followed by a set of operational amplifiers U1 As a comparison circuit, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is on the pin P0.4 of the single-chip microcomputer; when the sunlight is insufficient, the photodiode D in the circuit cannot be turned on, the output of the operational amplifier U1 is low, and the pin P0 of the single-chip microcomputer .4 After the low level is detected, the system starts the solar angle tracking module 3, otherwise, the photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit is enabled; the model of the photoelectric solar azimuth detection circuit is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and the five photodiodes are centered on D0 It is distributed on a disk in a cross shape, and each photodiode maintains a certain gap with the adjacent photodiode. In order to better receive sunlight and avoid external interference, the disk in Figure 3 is placed in a top with a transparent Inside the hollow cylindrical cover of the light hole; the negative ends of the five photodiodes are connected to the power supply, the positive ends are respectively connected to the four non-inverting input ends of the LM423, the positive end of D0 is connected to the four non-inverting input ends of the LM423, and the positive ends of D1~D4 The terminals are respectively connected to the four inverting input terminals of the LM423, so that D0 and D1~D4 form four groups of comparison circuits, and then the four output terminals of the LM423 are respectively connected to the P2.0~P2.3 ports of the single-chip microcomputer, so that The sun orientation can be judged by the potential of P2.0~P2.3. The photoelectric solar orientation detection circuit is shown in Figure 8. The direction of the sunlight is judged by the potentials of these four terminals, and the single-chip microcomputer controls the motor to rotate in the direction of the sunlight until only the photodiode D0 located in the center of the disc receives the light.

The sun angle tracking module 3 reads the time from the clock chip by the single-chip microcomputer, calculates the sun angle through the built-in function, and then controls the motor to run according to the calculated trajectory by the single-chip microcomputer, and adjusts the solar photovoltaic array to track the sun.

The rotation of the motor is controlled by the motor drive circuit in the single-chip microcomputer control module 5, and the motor drive circuit is shown in Figure 9; the actual motor drive circuit is composed of 4 groups of circuits that are exactly the same as the above figure, and the four branches are respectively controlled by the four pins of the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer. The pins P1.4-P1.7 are connected, four groups of circuits are connected with four relays to control the forward and reverse rotation of the two motors respectively, and the transmission mechanism is composed of a worm drive.

This solar tracking device with integrated photoelectric detection and tracking and sun angle tracking can ensure normal operation in a timely manner under complex weather changes, so as to ensure tracking accuracy, ensure that the solar photovoltaic array absorbs the best sunlight, and improve the performance of the solar photovoltaic array. photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention, when the functional effect produced does not exceed the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps,

Step S01: judge ambient weather situation, if fine day, then enters step S02, if cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then proceeds to step S03；

Step S02: adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；

Step S03: adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, namely according to real-time time, calculates sun altitude and azimuth, and the sun altitude and azimuth according to calculating realizes solar automatic tracking；

It is specific as follows that described Photoelectric Detection follows the trail of pattern,

Step S21: a photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is provided, this photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is connected with single chip control module and photovoltaic array, described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, centered by those light sensitive diodes the second light sensitive diode therein, it is arranged in a disk upper surface in cross, described disk is positioned over a top and has in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole, and the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；

Step S22: judge whether the second light sensitive diode is subject to illumination, if so, keep described photovoltaic array towards, and delay predetermined time re-executes step S22；If it is not, be directly entered step S23；

Step S23: judge whether the 3rd to the 6th diode being positioned on the four direction of the second light sensitive diode horizontal vertical is subject to illumination respectively, if so, adjust described photovoltaic array towards, and delay predetermined time re-executes step S22；If it is not, directly re-execute step S22；

It is specific as follows that described solar angle follows the trail of pattern,

Step S31: read real-time time and current position longitude and latitude, and according to this real-time time and calculation of longitude & latitude sun altitude and azimuth；

Step S32: the length according to sun altitude and azimuth and photovoltaic array, calculates the offset height of the photovoltaic array offset height in current time sun altitude horizontal direction and solar azimuth horizontal direction；

Step S33: after delay predetermined time, calculates the offset height of the sun altitude horizontal direction in moment after the scheduled time and the offset height of solar azimuth horizontal direction；

Step S34: poor according to the offset height in the scheduled time in former and later two moment, calculates photovoltaic array and need to adjust angle, to ensure the angle vertical of photovoltaic array and solar irradiation；

Described sun altitude and azimuthal computational methods are as follows:

If corresponding interval was [0, π] in 1 year 365 days, take a day angle:,It is taken as the date sequence in year, January 1It is 1, December 31 daysBe 365, then red tail radianFor:

Sun solid hornFor:, in formula, unit is degree, and 15 expressions are equivalent to 15 ° of hour angles per hour；

True solar time=local time+time difference=Beijing time+longitude corrects+time difference=Beijing time+(local longitude-120The 60+ time difference)；

The time difference (radian)=

The time difference (hour)=time difference (radian)12

If sun altitude and azimuth are respectivelyWith, geographic latitude is, then

As long as it follows that time and longitude and latitude are certain, just corresponding sun altitude and azimuth can be calculated by above formula.

2. a high-efficiency solar automatic tracking device, it is characterised in that: include the Photoelectric Detection tracing module for judging weather condition being connected to single chip control module；Described single chip control module is also associated with solar angle tracing module；If fine day, then enable described Photoelectric Detection tracing module, adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；If cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then enable described solar angle tracing module, adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；Described single chip control module is also connected to photovoltaic array through a motor module, and this photovoltaic array is additionally coupled to Photoelectric Detection tracing module；Described Photoelectric Detection tracing module includes rain or shine sky testing circuit and photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit；Described rain or shine sky testing circuit includes the first light sensitive diode, the first amplifier and first to fourth resistance；Described first light sensitive diode negative terminal is connected to positive source, and described first light sensitive diode is just being connected to the in-phase input end of described first amplifier, and the anode of described first light sensitive diode is also connected to the ground through the first resistance；The inverting input of described first amplifier is connected to the ground through the second resistance, the 3rd resistance, and the inverting input of described first amplifier is also connected to positive source through the 4th resistance；The outfan of described first amplifier is connected to single-chip microcomputer, and the VCC end of this first amplifier is connected with positive source, and the VEE end of this first amplifier is connected to ground；Described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, and those light sensitive diodes are centered by the second light sensitive diode, and in the cross disk upper surface that is distributed in, the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；Described disk is positioned over a top to be had in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole；Described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit also includes the second to the 5th amplifier and the 5th to the 9th resistance；The negative terminal of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is connected to positive source, and the anode of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is also connected to the ground through the 5th to the 9th resistance respectively；The anode of described second light sensitive diode is connected to the in-phase input end of the second amplifier；The anode of described 3rd light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the second amplifier；The anode of described 4th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 3rd amplifier；The anode of described 5th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of four high guaily unit；The anode of described 6th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 5th amplifier；The in-phase input end of described second amplifier and the in-phase input end of the 3rd amplifier, the in-phase input end of four high guaily unit and the in-phase input end of the 5th amplifier connect；Described single chip control module includes single-chip microcomputer and four groups of motor-drive circuits；Described first motor-drive circuit includes a diode, the first to the second audion, a relay and the tenth to the 12nd resistance；One pin of described single-chip microcomputer is connected to positive source through the tenth resistance, and this pin is also connected to the first transistor base through the 11st resistance；The base stage of the colelctor electrode of described first audion and one end of the 12nd resistance, the second audion connects, the other end of described 12nd resistance is connected to positive source, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is connected to positive source through diode, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is also connected to positive source through relay, and the emitter stage of described the first to the second audion is connected to ground；Described second to the 4th motor-drive circuit is all identical with the first motor-drive circuit；Described motor module is direct current generator.