CN103926937B - A kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking and device - Google Patents
A kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking and device.Described method: first determine whether ambient weather situation, if fine day, Photoelectric Detection is then adopted to follow the trail of pattern, realize solar automatic tracking, if cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then solar angle is adopted to follow the trail of pattern, namely according to real-time time, calculate sun altitude and azimuth, and the sun altitude and azimuth according to calculating realizes solar automatic tracking.Photoelectric Detection method for tracing and solar angle method for tracing are combined by the inventive method, and it can make solar panel change along with sun altitude and azimuthal change so that it is remains vertical with sunray, thus improving the efficiency of solaode；This method coupling apparatus not only improves the sensitivity of solar tracking apparatus, is not readily susceptible to the interference of weather and other light sources simultaneously, has higher degree of stability, and error is less.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic application field, the high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking that specifically a kind of comprehensive solar angle is followed the trail of and Photoelectric Detection tracking combines, particularly a kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking and device.
Background technology
The sun is not releasing energy to universe all the time, although wherein only have atomic little part to arrive the earth.Nonetheless, the solar radiation energy that earth surface per minute receives still up toKilowatt, be equivalent to 6,000,000,000 tons of standard coals.Owing to the supply of solar radiation can be described as endlessly, so solar energy can be described as inexhaustible comparatively speaking.Utilizing solar electrical energy generation, do not result in environmental pollution, utilizing clean energy resource to substitute traditional fossil energy is the optimum selection maintaining sustainable development path.The development and utilization of solar energy is subject to the attention of more and more national, and the photovoltaic apparatus manufacture of China had gradually formed scale already, and the development for photovoltaic industry provides powerful support.But, at present that the utilization of solar energy is also extremely limited, the efficiency of on average dispatching from the factory of the polycrystal silicon cell that cost performance is higher is about 16%.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one farthest to convert solar energy into electrical energy, improve high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking and the device of the utilization rate of solar energy.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that a kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking, comprise the steps,
Step S01: judge ambient weather situation, if fine day, then enters step S02, if cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then proceeds to step S03；
Step S02: adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；
Step S03: adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, namely according to real-time time, calculates sun altitude and azimuth, and the sun altitude and azimuth according to calculating realizes solar automatic tracking.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is specific as follows that described Photoelectric Detection follows the trail of pattern,
Step S21: a photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is provided, this photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit and single chip control module and photovoltaic array, described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, centered by those light sensitive diodes the first light sensitive diode therein, a disk upper surface it is arranged in cross, described disk is positioned over a top and has in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole, and the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；
Step S22: judge whether the first light sensitive diode is subject to illumination, if so, keep described photovoltaic array towards, and delay predetermined time re-executes step S22；If it is not, be directly entered step S23；
Step S23: judge whether the second to the 5th diode being positioned on the first light sensitive diode four direction is subject to illumination respectively, if so, adjust described photovoltaic array towards, and delay predetermined time re-executes step S22；If it is not, directly re-execute step S22.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is specific as follows that described solar angle follows the trail of pattern,
Step S31: read real-time time and current position longitude and latitude, and according to this real-time time and calculation of longitude & latitude sun altitude and azimuth；
Step S32: the length according to sun altitude and azimuth and photovoltaic array, calculates the offset height of the photovoltaic array offset height in this moment sun altitude horizontal direction and solar azimuth horizontal direction；
Step S33: after delay predetermined time, calculates the offset height of the sun altitude horizontal direction in moment after the scheduled time and the offset height of solar azimuth horizontal direction；
Step S34: poor according to the offset height in the scheduled time in former and later two moment, calculates photovoltaic array and need to adjust angle, to ensure the angle vertical of photovoltaic array and solar irradiation.
In embodiments of the present invention, described sun altitude and azimuthal computational methods are as follows:
If corresponding interval was [0, π] in 1 year 365 days, take a day angle: ,It is taken as the date sequence in year, January 1It is 1, December 31 daysBe 365, then red tail radianFor:
Sun solid hornFor:, in formulaUnit is degree, and 15 expressions are equivalent to 15 ° of hour angles per hour.
True solar time=local time+time difference=Beijing time+longitude corrects+time difference=Beijing time+(local longitude-120The 60+ time difference)；
The time difference (radian)=
The time difference (hour)=time difference (radian)12
If sun altitude and azimuth are respectivelyWith, geographic latitude is, then
As long as it follows that time and longitude and latitude are certain, just corresponding sun altitude and azimuth can be calculated by above formula.
Present invention also offers a kind of high-efficiency solar automatic tracking device, including the Photoelectric Detection tracing module for judging weather condition being connected to single chip control module；Described single chip control module is also associated with solar angle tracing module；If fine day, then enable described Photoelectric Detection tracing module, adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；If cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then enable described solar angle tracing module, adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；Described single chip control module is also connected to photovoltaic array through a motor module, and this photovoltaic array is additionally coupled to Photoelectric Detection tracing module；Described Photoelectric Detection tracing module includes rain or shine sky testing circuit and photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit.
In embodiments of the present invention, described rain or shine sky testing circuit includes the first light sensitive diode, the first amplifier and first to fourth resistance；Described first light sensitive diode negative terminal is connected to positive source, and described first light sensitive diode is just being connected to the in-phase input end of described first amplifier, and the anode of described first light sensitive diode is also connected to the ground through the first resistance；The inverting input of described first amplifier is connected to the ground through the second resistance, the 3rd resistance, and the inverting input of described first amplifier is also connected to positive source through the 4th resistance；The outfan of described first amplifier is connected to single-chip microcomputer, and the VCC end of this first amplifier is connected with positive source, and the VEE end of this first amplifier is connected to ground.
In embodiments of the present invention, described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, those light sensitive diodes are centered by the second light sensitive diode, and in cross distribution at a disk upper surface, the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；Described disk is positioned over a top to be had in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole.
In embodiments of the present invention, described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit also includes the second to the 5th amplifier and the 5th to the 9th resistance；The negative terminal of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is connected to positive source, and the anode of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is not also connected to the ground through the 5th to the 9th resistance；The anode of described second light sensitive diode is connected to the in-phase input end of the second amplifier；The anode of described 3rd light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the second amplifier；The anode of described 4th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 3rd amplifier；The anode of described 5th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of four high guaily unit；The anode of described 6th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 5th amplifier；The in-phase input end of described second amplifier and the in-phase input end of the 3rd amplifier, the in-phase input end of four high guaily unit and the in-phase input end of the 5th amplifier connect.
In embodiments of the present invention, described single chip control module includes single-chip microcomputer and four groups of motor-drive circuits；Described first motor-drive circuit includes a diode, the first to the second audion, a relay and the tenth to the 12nd resistance；One pin of described single-chip microcomputer is connected to positive source through the tenth resistance, and this pin is also connected to the first transistor base through the 11st resistance；The base stage of the colelctor electrode of described first audion and one end of the 12nd resistance, the second audion connects, the other end of described 12nd resistance is connected to positive source, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is connected to positive source through diode, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is also connected to positive source through relay, and the emitter stage of described the first to the second audion is connected to ground；Described second to the 4th motor-drive circuit is all identical with the first motor-drive circuit.
In embodiments of the present invention, described motor module is direct current generator.
Compared to prior art, the method have the advantages that
1. the angle adjusting photovoltaic permutation makes it be perpendicular to solar irradiation all the time, improves photovoltaic array with this and absorbs the efficiency of luminous energy；
2. adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of and solar angle follows the trail of the trace mode combined, improve the efficiency of tracking with this.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method control flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is Photoelectric Detection trace flow figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the disk of 5 light sensitive diodes of distribution.
Fig. 4 is the hollow circuit cylinder cover that loophole is arranged at top.
Fig. 5 is solar angle trace flow figure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is rain or shine sky testing circuit.
Fig. 8 is photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit.
Fig. 9 is single chip control module circuit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is specifically described.
One high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking of the present invention, comprises the steps,
Step S01: judge ambient weather situation, if fine day, then enters step S02, if cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then proceeds to step S03；
Step S02: adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；
Step S03: adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, namely according to real-time time, calculates sun altitude and azimuth, and the sun altitude and azimuth according to calculating realizes solar automatic tracking.
Present invention also offers a kind of high-efficiency solar automatic tracking device, including the Photoelectric Detection tracing module for judging weather condition being connected to single chip control module；Described single chip control module is also associated with solar angle tracing module；If fine day, then enable described Photoelectric Detection tracing module, adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；If cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then enable described solar angle tracing module, adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；Described single chip control module is also connected to photovoltaic array through a motor module, and this photovoltaic array is additionally coupled to Photoelectric Detection tracing module；Described Photoelectric Detection tracing module includes rain or shine sky testing circuit and photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit.
Described rain or shine sky testing circuit includes the first light sensitive diode, the first amplifier and first to fourth resistance；Described first light sensitive diode negative terminal is connected to positive source, and described first light sensitive diode is just being connected to the in-phase input end of described first amplifier, and the anode of described first light sensitive diode is also connected to the ground through the first resistance；The inverting input of described first amplifier is connected to the ground through the second resistance, the 3rd resistance, and the inverting input of described first amplifier is also connected to positive source through the 4th resistance；The outfan of described first amplifier is connected to single-chip microcomputer, and the VCC end of this first amplifier is connected with positive source, and the VEE end of this first amplifier is connected to ground.
Described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, centered by those light sensitive diodes the second light sensitive diode therein, in the cross disk upper surface that is distributed in, the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；Described disk is positioned over a top to be had in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole.
Described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit also includes the second to the 5th amplifier (adopting the LM423 of integrated 4 amplifiers in the present invention) and the 5th to the 9th resistance；The negative terminal of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is connected to positive source, and the anode of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is not also connected to the ground through the 5th to the 9th resistance；The anode of described second light sensitive diode is connected to the in-phase input end of the second amplifier；The anode of described 3rd light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the second amplifier；The anode of described 4th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 3rd amplifier；The anode of described 5th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of four high guaily unit；The anode of described 6th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 5th amplifier；The in-phase input end of described second amplifier and the in-phase input end of the 3rd amplifier, the in-phase input end of four high guaily unit and the in-phase input end of the 5th amplifier connect.
Described single chip control module includes single-chip microcomputer and four groups of motor-drive circuits；Described first motor-drive circuit includes a diode, the first to the second audion, a relay and the tenth to the 12nd resistance；One pin of described single-chip microcomputer is connected to positive source through the tenth resistance, and this pin is also connected to the first transistor base through the 11st resistance；The base stage of the colelctor electrode of described first audion and one end of the 12nd resistance, the second audion connects, the other end of described 12nd resistance is connected to positive source, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is connected to positive source through diode, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is also connected to positive source through relay, and the emitter stage of described the first to the second audion is connected to ground；Described second to the 4th motor-drive circuit is all identical with the first motor-drive circuit；Described motor module is direct current generator.
For allowing those skilled in the art know more about the present invention, it is below specific embodiments of the invention.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking, it is as follows that it realizes process,
The first step: judge ambient weather situation, if fine day, then enters second step, if cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then proceeds to the 3rd step；
Second step: adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；
As in figure 2 it is shown, described Photoelectric Detection tracking pattern is specific as follows,
1.: photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit (as Figure 3-Figure 4) is provided, this photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit and single chip control module and photovoltaic array, described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, centered by those light sensitive diodes the second light sensitive diode D0 therein, it is arranged in a disk upper surface in cross, described disk is positioned over a top and has in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole, and the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；
2.: judge whether the second light sensitive diode D0 is subject to illumination, if so, keep described photovoltaic array towards, and 2. delay predetermined time (15 minutes) re-execute step；If it is not, be directly entered step 3.；
3.: judge whether the 3rd to the 6th diode D1-D4 being positioned on the second light sensitive diode four direction is subject to illumination respectively, if so, adjust described photovoltaic array towards, and 2. delay predetermined time (15 minutes) re-execute step；If it is not, directly re-execute step 2.；
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, above-mentioned steps 3. detailed process is:
A, judge (from step 2. and Fig. 8 whether D1 be subject to illumination, D0 is not subjected to illumination, so the in-phase input end of amplifier U2-U5 is low level), if (now because D1 is subject to illumination, the inverting input of U2 is high level), (it is illustrated in figure 9 the motor-drive circuit being connected with single-chip microcomputer by the motor-drive circuit being connected with single-chip microcomputer, and four groups of motor-drive circuit motor-drive circuits all to that indicated in the drawings are identical, it is not described further below), control the motor A in motor module (this motor module includes motor A and motor B) to rotate forward, and re-execute step 2.；If not (now because D1 is not affected by illumination, the inverting input of U2 is low level), enter step b；
B, judge whether D3 is subject to illumination, the if so, motor-drive circuit by being connected with single-chip microcomputer, control the motor A reversion in motor module, and re-execute step 2.；If it is not, enter step c；
C, judge whether D2 is subject to illumination, the if so, motor-drive circuit by being connected with single-chip microcomputer, control the motor B in motor module and rotate forward, and re-execute step 2.；If it is not, enter step d；
D, judge whether D4 is subject to illumination, the if so, motor-drive circuit by being connected with single-chip microcomputer, control the motor B reversion in motor module, and re-execute step 2.；If it is not, be directly entered step 2.；
3rd step: adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, namely according to real-time time, calculates sun altitude and azimuth, and the sun altitude and azimuth according to calculating realizes solar automatic tracking.
As it is shown in figure 5, described solar angle tracking pattern is specific as follows,
(1): read real-time time and current position longitude and latitude, and according to this real-time time and calculation of longitude & latitude sun altitude and azimuth；
(2) offset height of the photovoltaic array offset height in this moment sun altitude horizontal direction and solar azimuth horizontal direction: the length according to sun altitude and azimuth and photovoltaic array, is calculated；
(3) offset height of the sun altitude horizontal direction in the scheduled time (15 minutes) moment afterwards and the offset height of solar azimuth horizontal direction: after delay predetermined time (15 minutes), are calculated；
(4): poor according to the offset height in the scheduled time in (15 minutes) former and later two moment, calculate photovoltaic array and need to adjust angle, to ensure the angle vertical of photovoltaic array and solar irradiation.
Above-mentioned sun altitude and azimuthal computational methods are as follows:
If corresponding interval was [0, π] in 1 year 365 days, take a day angle:,It is taken as the date sequence in year, January 1It is 1, December 31 daysBe 365, then red tail radianFor:
Sun solid hornFor:, in formulaUnit is degree, and 15 expressions are equivalent to 15 ° of hour angles per hour.
True solar time=local time+time difference=Beijing time+longitude corrects+time difference=Beijing time+(local longitude-120The 60+ time difference)；
The time difference (radian)=
The time difference (hour)=time difference (radian)12
If sun altitude and azimuth are respectivelyWith, geographic latitude is, then
As long as it follows that time and longitude and latitude are certain, just corresponding sun altitude and azimuth can be calculated by above formula.Utilize the function performance of C51 language, longitude and latitude to occur in the way of defconstant in a program, clock chip read the instant time, calculate the solar angle angle value corresponding to this moment.In conjunction with preset model, by the length of photovoltaic array, calculate the photovoltaic array height at this moment sun altitude and offset level direction respectively, azimuth, after time delay 15 minutes, same method is utilized to calculate the offset height in corresponding both direction, the difference in height changed by the two moment just can calculate the time needing electric machine rotation, with this ensure photovoltaic permutation all the time with the angle vertical of solar irradiation.
As shown in Figure 6, for realizing said method, present invention also offers a kind of high-efficiency solar automatic tracking device, this device is mainly made up of photovoltaic array 1, Photoelectric Detection tracing module 2, solar angle tracing module 3, single chip control module 4, motor module 5；Photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected with Photoelectric Detection tracing module 2 and motor module 5, utilize rain or shine sky testing circuit built-in in Photoelectric Detection tracing module 2 judges it is weather condition, the fine day of illumination abundance enables Photoelectric Detection tracing module 2, and the cloudy day that illumination is not enough then starts solar angle tracing module 3；Photoelectric Detection tracing module 2, solar angle tracing module 3 are connected with single chip control module 4, the signal of telecommunication is sent to single chip control module 4 according to respective trace mode by two tracing module, inside single chip control module 4, single-chip microcomputer carrys out command control circuit work according to the signal of telecommunication detected, and then control motor module 5 work adjusts the angle of photovoltaic array 1, to reach the purpose followed the trail of.
Photoelectric Detection tracing module 2 includes rain or shine sky testing circuit and photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit, rain or shine sky testing circuit is as shown in Figure 7, circuit detects the power of sunlight with a 2CU101D light sensitive diode D, it is followed by one group of amplifier U1 to compare circuit, on the pin P0.4 of the outfan street single-chip microcomputer of amplifier U1；When solar irradiation deficiency, the light sensitive diode D in circuit cannot turn on, amplifier U1 output low level, and the pin P0.4 of single-chip microcomputer detects system start-up solar angle tracing module 3 after low level, otherwise, then enable photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit；The model of photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4,5 light sensitive diodes are that cross distribution is on a disk centered by D0, each light sensitive diode and adjacent light sensitive diode keep certain gap, in order to better receive sunlight and avoid the interference in the external world, the disk of Fig. 3 is put into a top the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole；The negative terminal of 5 light sensitive diodes connects power supply, anode is connected respectively to 4 in-phase input ends of LM423, the anode of D0 is connected with the 4 of LM423 in-phase input ends, the anode of D1 ~ D4 is connected with 4 inverting inputs of LM423 respectively, such D0 and D1 ~ D4 just constitutes four groups of comparison circuits, again the 4 of LM423 outfans are connected with P2.0 ~ P2.3 port of single-chip microcomputer respectively, thus can judging solar azimuth by the current potential of P2.0 ~ P2.3, photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is as shown in Figure 8.Judged the direction of solar irradiation by the current potential of these four end points, Single-chip Controlling motor rotate towards the direction of solar irradiation, until only having the light sensitive diode D0 being positioned at disk central authorities to receive illumination.
Solar angle tracing module 3 is read the time by single-chip microcomputer from clock chip, calculates sun angle by the interior function that sets, then by Single-chip Controlling motor according to the track operating calculated, adjusts photovoltaic array and follow the trail of the sun.
Being controlled electric machine rotation by motor-drive circuit in single chip control module 5, motor-drive circuit is as shown in Figure 9；Actual motor-drive circuit is formed with the identical circuit of upper figure by 4 groups, four branches are accessed by four pin P1.4-P1.7 of AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer respectively, four groups of circuit connect four relays and control the positive and negative rotation of two motor respectively, and drive mechanism is made up of worm-drive.
The solar tracking apparatus that this comprehensive Photoelectric Detection is followed the trail of and solar angle is followed the trail of ensures properly functioning in time when Changes in weather is more complicated, the precision of tracking is ensured with this, guarantee that photovoltaic array absorbs best solar irradiation, improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of photovoltaic array.
It is above presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all changes made according to technical solution of the present invention, when produced function is without departing from the scope of technical solution of the present invention, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a high-efficiency solar method for automatic tracking, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps,
Step S01: judge ambient weather situation, if fine day, then enters step S02, if cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then proceeds to step S03；
Step S02: adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；
Step S03: adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, namely according to real-time time, calculates sun altitude and azimuth, and the sun altitude and azimuth according to calculating realizes solar automatic tracking；
It is specific as follows that described Photoelectric Detection follows the trail of pattern,
Step S21: a photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is provided, this photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit is connected with single chip control module and photovoltaic array, described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, centered by those light sensitive diodes the second light sensitive diode therein, it is arranged in a disk upper surface in cross, described disk is positioned over a top and has in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole, and the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；
Step S22: judge whether the second light sensitive diode is subject to illumination, if so, keep described photovoltaic array towards, and delay predetermined time re-executes step S22；If it is not, be directly entered step S23；
Step S23: judge whether the 3rd to the 6th diode being positioned on the four direction of the second light sensitive diode horizontal vertical is subject to illumination respectively, if so, adjust described photovoltaic array towards, and delay predetermined time re-executes step S22；If it is not, directly re-execute step S22；
It is specific as follows that described solar angle follows the trail of pattern,
Step S31: read real-time time and current position longitude and latitude, and according to this real-time time and calculation of longitude & latitude sun altitude and azimuth；
Step S32: the length according to sun altitude and azimuth and photovoltaic array, calculates the offset height of the photovoltaic array offset height in current time sun altitude horizontal direction and solar azimuth horizontal direction；
Step S33: after delay predetermined time, calculates the offset height of the sun altitude horizontal direction in moment after the scheduled time and the offset height of solar azimuth horizontal direction；
Step S34: poor according to the offset height in the scheduled time in former and later two moment, calculates photovoltaic array and need to adjust angle, to ensure the angle vertical of photovoltaic array and solar irradiation；
Described sun altitude and azimuthal computational methods are as follows:
If corresponding interval was [0, π] in 1 year 365 days, take a day angle:,It is taken as the date sequence in year, January 1It is 1, December 31 daysBe 365, then red tail radianFor:
Sun solid hornFor:, in formula, unit is degree, and 15 expressions are equivalent to 15 ° of hour angles per hour；
True solar time=local time+time difference=Beijing time+longitude corrects+time difference=Beijing time+(local longitude-120The 60+ time difference)；
The time difference (radian)=
The time difference (hour)=time difference (radian)12
If sun altitude and azimuth are respectivelyWith, geographic latitude is, then
As long as it follows that time and longitude and latitude are certain, just corresponding sun altitude and azimuth can be calculated by above formula.
2. a high-efficiency solar automatic tracking device, it is characterised in that: include the Photoelectric Detection tracing module for judging weather condition being connected to single chip control module；Described single chip control module is also associated with solar angle tracing module；If fine day, then enable described Photoelectric Detection tracing module, adopt Photoelectric Detection to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；If cloudy day or illumination are not enough, then enable described solar angle tracing module, adopt solar angle to follow the trail of pattern, it is achieved solar automatic tracking；Described single chip control module is also connected to photovoltaic array through a motor module, and this photovoltaic array is additionally coupled to Photoelectric Detection tracing module；Described Photoelectric Detection tracing module includes rain or shine sky testing circuit and photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit；Described rain or shine sky testing circuit includes the first light sensitive diode, the first amplifier and first to fourth resistance；Described first light sensitive diode negative terminal is connected to positive source, and described first light sensitive diode is just being connected to the in-phase input end of described first amplifier, and the anode of described first light sensitive diode is also connected to the ground through the first resistance；The inverting input of described first amplifier is connected to the ground through the second resistance, the 3rd resistance, and the inverting input of described first amplifier is also connected to positive source through the 4th resistance；The outfan of described first amplifier is connected to single-chip microcomputer, and the VCC end of this first amplifier is connected with positive source, and the VEE end of this first amplifier is connected to ground；Described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit includes 5 light sensitive diodes, and those light sensitive diodes are centered by the second light sensitive diode, and in the cross disk upper surface that is distributed in, the light sensitive diode that each light sensitive diode is adjacent all keeps certain gap；Described disk is positioned over a top to be had in the hollow circuit cylinder cover of loophole；Described photoelectrical solar orientation detection circuit also includes the second to the 5th amplifier and the 5th to the 9th resistance；The negative terminal of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is connected to positive source, and the anode of described second to the 6th light sensitive diode is also connected to the ground through the 5th to the 9th resistance respectively；The anode of described second light sensitive diode is connected to the in-phase input end of the second amplifier；The anode of described 3rd light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the second amplifier；The anode of described 4th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 3rd amplifier；The anode of described 5th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of four high guaily unit；The anode of described 6th light sensitive diode is connected to the inverting input of the 5th amplifier；The in-phase input end of described second amplifier and the in-phase input end of the 3rd amplifier, the in-phase input end of four high guaily unit and the in-phase input end of the 5th amplifier connect；Described single chip control module includes single-chip microcomputer and four groups of motor-drive circuits；Described first motor-drive circuit includes a diode, the first to the second audion, a relay and the tenth to the 12nd resistance；One pin of described single-chip microcomputer is connected to positive source through the tenth resistance, and this pin is also connected to the first transistor base through the 11st resistance；The base stage of the colelctor electrode of described first audion and one end of the 12nd resistance, the second audion connects, the other end of described 12nd resistance is connected to positive source, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is connected to positive source through diode, the colelctor electrode of described second audion is also connected to positive source through relay, and the emitter stage of described the first to the second audion is connected to ground；Described second to the 4th motor-drive circuit is all identical with the first motor-drive circuit；Described motor module is direct current generator.
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| CN104806953A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-07-29 | 国家电网公司 | Streetlamp system |
| CN104932560A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 南昌大学 | Solar dual-axis tracking system based on multi-source information fusion |
| CN107255964A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-10-17 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | A kind of birds observation system |
| CN107943113B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2021-03-30 | 山东科技大学 | Foldable solar energy auto-tracing device |
| CN110601652A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-20 | 蚌埠学院 | Solar energy automatic tracking system |
| CN112283652A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-29 | 南京飞赫电器有限公司 | Solar lighting system and method for shielding downward and sunny movement |
| CN116185085A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-05-30 | 山东理工大学 | Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation |
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| CN103605378A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-26 | 南阳师范学院 | Solar energy sun chasing and state monitoring system and method thereof |
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| CN101662241A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2010-03-03 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Sun orientation automatic tracking method and device used for photovoltaic power generation |
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