CN116185085A - Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation - Google Patents
Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116185085A CN116185085A CN202310456816.4A CN202310456816A CN116185085A CN 116185085 A CN116185085 A CN 116185085A CN 202310456816 A CN202310456816 A CN 202310456816A CN 116185085 A CN116185085 A CN 116185085A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- chip
- resistor
- singlechip
- grounded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 101000894525 Homo sapiens Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 27
- 102100021398 Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 27
- 208000028485 lattice corneal dystrophy type I Diseases 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 101100190527 Arabidopsis thaliana PIN5 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010037490 Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase NIMA-Interacting 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100031653 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 101100190530 Arabidopsis thaliana PIN8 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101150087393 PIN3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000007315 Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010033711 Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101100190528 Arabidopsis thaliana PIN6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101100190529 Arabidopsis thaliana PIN7 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100039435 C-X-C motif chemokine 17 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000889048 Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine 17 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001068634 Homo sapiens Protein PRRC2A Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000908580 Homo sapiens Spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100033954 Protein PRRC2A Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100024690 Spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010059419 NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100026114 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101000904754 Homo sapiens G-protein-signaling modulator 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101100190532 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica PIN9 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150011456 PIN8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100021298 b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000127225 Enceliopsis nudicaulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102220190128 rs765983557 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
Abstract
An intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation belongs to the technical field of solar photo-thermal power generation. The method is characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a photoelectric sensor, a cloudy-sunny detection circuit, a clock circuit, a timing module, a driving circuit and a regulating device, wherein signal output ends of the cloudy-sunny detection circuit, the clock circuit and the timing module are all connected with a signal input end of the controller, the photoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a signal processing circuit and an A/D (analog to digital) conversion circuit in series and then connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the regulating device through the driving circuit. The invention has the advantages of optimizing the track tracking algorithm of the sun-viewing movement, reducing errors, introducing angle closed-loop control, improving tracking precision, optimizing mechanical structure, reducing weight, reducing the size of a stepping motor, improving portability and prolonging service life.
Description
Technical Field
An intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation belongs to the technical field of solar photo-thermal power generation.
Background
The sun tracking technology is widely applied to photo-thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation systems by tracking the motion track of the sun and controlling a sunlight receiving device to vertically align with the sun ray so as to obtain the maximum solar radiation, researches on the sun tracking technology are carried out abroad in the 60 th century, the first solar tracker in the world is designed by the university of Chilean Maria in 1962, various tracking principles are developed through the researches of more than half a century, trackers with different structures such as single shaft, double shaft, flat single shaft, oblique single shaft and the like are developed, and the tracking precision is improved; in 1991, FM Al-Naima and NA Yaghobian designed a Z-80 processor based control system solar tracker, in 1999, F Huang, D tie, J Or et Al designed and realized a microcontroller based automatic solar tracker incorporating a novel solar conversion unit, chopper switching devices were used not only for power conversion but also for Maximum Power Point (MPP) detection, in 2006, acciona solar company built spanish maximum photovoltaic power plants, with a large number of tracking trays to align photovoltaic panels to the sun, increased power generation by 35% over conventional photovoltaic power plants, 2009, jaen C, pou J et Al applied solar trackers to improvements in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control technology for improving power transmission efficiency, in 2013, K Azizi and a ghafari developed a high precision dual-axis solar tracking system based on image processing, in 2014, KT, ak, rajesh et Al studied four-quadrant detector based dual-axis solar tracking systems, and in the hybrid controller by saheat pump, in the hybrid controller was proposed by saheat controller, in the internet, in the hybrid conference, and in the internet, by the controller was based on saheat.
The research and development of the solar tracking technology are faster in China, the solar tracking technology is continuously perfected, in 1996, the Xian Jian Long invention provides a solar cooker capable of tracking the sun, the sun is tracked by adjusting a reflector, in 1999, liu Fucai and Liu Xintian designs an 80C196 single chip microcomputer controlled tracker for photovoltaic power generation tracking, in 2007, liu Siyang and the like researches a double-shaft solar tracker for tracking by calculating the sun position, the tracking error is within 2 degrees, in 2019, ouyang Jiapeng and Yang Zhenna and the like designs a solar tracking system based on ARM control, the sun position is judged by adopting a photoresistor, the solar tracking precision is improved by improving a PID algorithm, in 2020, wu Xingkai and Xu Mingguo designs a double-shaft solar tracking system based on Arduino control, and the sun is tracked in a hybrid tracking mode.
The solar photo-thermal power generation utilizes a mature heat storage technology, solar energy is stored in a heat storage medium through a heat collection device, uninterrupted power generation is realized at night or in cloudy days, the stability of electric energy output is guaranteed, the solar photo-thermal power generation is used as a high-quality clean energy source, has great significance for realizing 'carbon neutralization' in China, meanwhile, a light tracking system is required to be introduced for tracking the sun in real time aiming at the problem that the position of the sun is continuously changed, so that solar rays can be vertically aligned with a trough-type receiver at all times, the receiver is guaranteed to receive more solar energy, and the efficiency of collecting solar energy by the photo-thermal power generation system is improved.
However, the existing sun-viewing movement track tracking algorithm has large error, so that the error of the sunlight receiving device is large, and the efficiency of collecting solar energy of the photo-thermal power generation system is limited.
In order to solve the problems, the intelligent light following system of the groove type photo-thermal power generation system is developed, sunlight can be collected to the maximum extent, and the power generation efficiency of the groove type photo-thermal power generation is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the intelligent light tracking system for the trough type photo-thermal power generation overcomes the defects of the prior art, optimizes a tracking algorithm of a motion track of a day, reduces errors and provides tracking precision.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: this intelligence system of following spot of slot type photo-thermal power generation, its characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a photoelectric sensor, a cloudy-sunny detection circuit, a clock circuit, a time adjustment module, a driving circuit and an adjusting device, wherein signal output ends of the cloudy-sunny detection circuit, the clock circuit and the time adjustment module are all connected with a signal input end of the controller, the photoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a signal processing circuit and an A/D (analog to digital) conversion circuit in series and then connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the adjusting device through the driving circuit;
The control method comprises the following steps:
s1: judging whether the regulating device is reset, if so, executing the step S2, and if not, executing the reset operation and then executing the step S2;
s2: reading time;
s3: calculating the altitude and azimuth of the sun;
s4: judging whether the solar altitude is larger than 3 degrees, if not, executing the step S2, and if yes, executing the step S5;
s5: tracking a daily movement track;
s6: judging whether the weather is sunny or not, if so, executing photoelectric tracking, and if not, executing a step S7;
s7: tracking a sun-viewing movement track, and adjusting the condensing plate to the position of the sun after 5 minutes;
s8: waiting for 10min;
s9: judging whether the nursing height angle is smaller than 3 degrees, if so, executing a step S10, and if not, executing a step S5;
s10: the adjusting device is reset.
Preferably, the time in step S2 is true solar time
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
when the condition is true of the sun,tfor flat sun, the person is treated with->
Time difference, the units are all hours;
wherein ,
，Nthe long-term is the long-term.
Preferably, the yin qing detection circuit comprises an OR gate 4071, operational amplifiers CF 1-CF 2, photodiodes LDR 5-LDR 6, resistors R13-R16, and resistors R23 and R24, wherein PINs PIN7 of the operational amplifiers CF1 and CF2 are connected with a chip C through the OR gate 4071;
The PIN4 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with +5V voltage, the PIN3 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with the output electrode of the photodiode LDR5 and one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 is grounded, the PIN2 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with the common end of the resistors R13 and R14, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, and the PIN11 PIN of the operational amplifier CF1 is grounded;
the PIN4 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with +5V voltage, the PIN5 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with one end of a photodiode LDR6 output pole and a resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is grounded, the PIN6 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with the common end of the resistors R15 and R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R15 is grounded, and the PIN11 of the operational amplifier CF2 is grounded.
Preferably, the A/D conversion circuit comprises a chip C and a singlechip U5, wherein a P3.0/RX pin of the chip C is connected with a SCL pin of the singlechip U5, a P3.1/TXD pin of the chip C is connected with an SDA pin of the singlechip U5, an A0 pin, an A1 pin, an A2 pin and an EXT pin of the singlechip U5 are grounded, a VREF pin of the singlechip U5 is connected with +5V voltage, and an AGND pin of the singlechip U5 is grounded.
Preferably, the clock circuit comprises batteries BAT 1-BAT 2, a single-chip microcomputer U2, a crystal oscillator, the single-chip microcomputer U2 and a chip C, wherein an X1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with an X2 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 after being connected with the crystal oscillator in series, a VCC1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with the batteries BAT2 and BAT1 in series and then grounded, a VCC2 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a power supply terminal VCC, a RST pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a P1.0/T2 pin of the chip C, a SCLK pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a P1.1/T2EX pin of the chip C, and an I/O pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a P1.2 pin of the chip C.
Preferably, the adjusting device comprises a horizontal stepping motor, a pitching stepping motor, a horizontal limiting module, a pitching limiting module and an actuating mechanism, wherein the signal output end of the driving circuit is connected with the signal input ends of the horizontal stepping motor and the pitching stepping motor at the same time, the output shaft of the horizontal stepping motor is connected with the actuating mechanism through the horizontal limiting module, and the output shaft of the pitching stepping motor is connected with the actuating mechanism through the pitching limiting module.
Preferably, the display device further comprises a display module, wherein the signal input end of the display module is connected with the signal output end of the controller.
Preferably, the display module includes a display screen LCD1, a potentiometer RV1, a resistor-discharging RP1 and a chip C, the VSS pin of the display screen LCD1 is grounded, the VDD pin of the display screen LCD1 is connected with +5v voltage, the VEE pin of the display screen LCD1 is connected with one end of the potentiometer RV1, the other two ends of the potentiometer RV2 are respectively connected with +5v voltage and ground, the D0 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.0/AD0 pin of the chip C and the 2 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D1 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.1/AD1 pin of the chip C and the 3 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D2 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.2/AD2 pin of the chip C and the 4 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D4 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.4/AD4 pin of the chip C and the 4 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, and the D5 pin of the chip C1 is simultaneously connected with the P1/D1 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, and the D1 pin of the chip C1 is simultaneously connected with the D1/D1 pin of the chip C1 and the resistor-discharging RP1, and the D1 is simultaneously connected with the P1/D5 pin of the chip C1.
Preferably, the timing module includes key switches S1 to S5, a chip C and resistors R17 to R20, where pin P1.3 of the chip C is connected to one end of resistor R17 and one end of key switch S1 at the same time, the other end of resistor R17 is connected to +5v voltage, the other end of key switch S1 is grounded, pin P1.4 of the chip C is connected to one end of resistor R18 and one end of key switch S2 at the same time, the other end of resistor R18 is connected to +5v voltage, the other end of key switch S2 is grounded, pin P1.5 of the chip C is connected to one end of resistor R19 and one end of key switch S3 at the same time, the other end of resistor R19 is connected to +5v voltage, pin P1.6 of the chip C is connected to one end of resistor R20 and one end of key switch S4 at the same time, the other end of resistor R20 is connected to +5v voltage, the other end of key switch S4 is grounded, pin P1.7 of the chip C is connected to one end of resistor R21 and one end of key switch S5 at the other end of resistor R21 at the same time, and the other end of key switch S5 is connected to +5v voltage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has the advantages of optimizing the track tracking algorithm of the sun-viewing movement, reducing errors, introducing angle closed-loop control, improving tracking precision, optimizing mechanical structure, reducing weight, reducing the size of a stepping motor, improving portability and prolonging service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an equatorial coordinate system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a diaphragm sensor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a different side view of the solar photovoltaic sensor provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a cylindrical sensor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a four-quadrant photovoltaic cell provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a hardware block diagram of a light tracking system of the trough type photo-thermal power generation system provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a QP50-6 silicon four-quadrant detector pin wiring provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of QP50-6 current signal processing provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an A/D conversion circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a cloudy-sunny detection circuit provided by the invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a driving circuit of a stepper motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a clock circuit diagram provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a circuit of an LCD1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of a limit detection circuit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram of an oscillating circuit provided by the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a reset circuit diagram provided by the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of a key switch provided by the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a main process of the light following system according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a hour circle; 2. a day equator; 3. a light-blocking plate; 4. a photoresistor; 5. light holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, however, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the detailed description herein with reference to the accompanying drawings is for better illustration, and that the invention is not necessarily limited to such embodiments, but rather is intended to cover various equivalent alternatives or modifications, as may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
FIGS. 1-18 illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described with reference to FIGS. 1-18.
As shown in fig. 1: in the equatorial coordinate system, two parameters of declination angle and hour angle are commonly used for describing the position of the sunThe day equator is taken as a basic circle, and when the sun is at the point A, the circle where the plane PAP' is located represents the hour circle 1, is perpendicular to the day equator 2,
for the angle between the vector OA and the equatorial plane, called declination angle, the angle is the angle between the current time and the current time 1, 0 DEG, and>
indicating that the upper noon angle is specified to be less than 0 degrees and the lower noon angle is specified to be greater than 0 degrees;
on the basis of long-time research on solar motion and a large number of data records, certain rules exist for the change of the declination angle of the sun in one year, and fitting processing is carried out on the data, so that approximate calculation formulas of some related declination angles are summarized;
The approximate calculation formula of the solar declination angle summarized by Spencer is shown in the formula, and the unit is radian:
wherein ,
，Nthe term "date" means the day of the year, such as 1 month and 15 days,Nthe number of the cells is =15, 3 months 1 day,N=60 (perennial), orN=61 (leap years). />
The approximate calculation formula of the declination angle of the sun is shown as the following formula, wherein the unit is degree:
the approximate calculation formula of the solar declination angle is shown in the formula, and the unit is degree:
wherein 
，/>
, wherein NFor long-term accumulation, add>
Expressed by the following equation.
wherein ,yearthe year, such as 2021,year=2021, int denotes rounding operations, e.g
。
The approximate calculation formula of the declination angle of the sun is shown as the following formula, and the unit is radian:
wherein ,
，Nindicating the product day.
The solar time angle can be calculated by the formula, in units of angle, wherein
When true solar energy is represented, the unit is radian;
the concept of true solar time is different from the Beijing time which is commonly used by us, the Beijing time is the local time of the sun in 120-degree region relative to the east longitude, namely the flat solar time, the true solar time is the local time of the sun relative to an observation point, and a conversion relationship exists between the true solar time and the flat solar time and can be expressed by the conversion relationship;
wherein ,
when the condition is true of the sun,tfor flat sun, the person is treated with->
The time difference is in hours.
An approximate calculation formula of the time difference is used for calculating the solar time angle, wherein the time difference unit is hours;
wherein ,
。
the equation of time difference approximation calculation is as follows:
wherein ,
。
the equation of time difference approximation calculation is as follows:
wherein ,
，/>
。
the equation of time difference approximation calculation is as follows:
wherein ,
。
the calculation formula can perform approximate calculation of the solar declination angle and the time difference only by known time, but also has complex formulas with more accurate calculation results, and the tracking accuracy of the sun-viewing movement track tracking algorithm is considered to be related to various factors such as a sun position algorithm, a stepping motor, a tracking mechanism, natural environment conditions and the like, the sun tracking accuracy cannot be ensured by adopting the complex algorithm with higher accuracy, the sun-viewing movement track tracking is a tracking mode based on the sun position algorithm, and the sun tracking can be realized on cloudy days and sunny days, but the tracking mode only depends on a single calculation formula when tracking the sun position, belongs to a typical open-loop control system, does not consider dynamic changes of actual conditions, such as errors of the tracking mechanism and sag of an installation foundation, can accumulate errors when tracking due to no feedback link, cannot be automatically corrected, can be poor when tracking is performed along with the increase of the running time, and can be compensated in other modes although the sun-viewing movement track tracking can bring errors.
Photoelectric tracking tracks through detecting the current signal of the photoresistor along with the change of light intensity, when the light is deviated, the photoresistors at different positions can output different signals outwards due to the different intensities of the irradiated light, the specific direction of the incident light can be judged by comparing the signals, the photoresistors are arranged in different arrangement modes, the photoelectric sensor is designed, when the light is deviated, the photosensitive sensor outputs deviation signals, the deviation signals of the sensor are processed and analyzed by a microcomputer, the motor is driven to rotate, and the angle of the tracking device is adjusted. When the photoelectric sensor is aligned with the sun, the photoelectric sensor does not output a deviation signal, so that the purpose of tracking the sun is achieved, the tracking precision of photoelectric tracking is higher, but the light rays are uniform in cloudy days, the sensor can not detect the change of the incident angle of the sun rays, and the photoelectric sensor can only work in sunny days.
Photoelectric tracking detects the sun position in real time through a photoelectric conversion element, adjusts a stepping motor, realizes automatic light tracking, and a baffle type sensor and a photo-drum type sensor are currently used more photoelectric sensor design schemes.
The design principle of the baffle type sensor is shown in fig. 2, two light isolation plates 3 are vertically arranged, four photoresistors 4 with the same model are respectively arranged in the space separated by the light isolation plates 3, the photoresistors 4 are arranged at the positions close to the center of a substrate, when light rays are incident in different directions, the light ray intensity sensed by the four photoresistors 4 is different, the resistance value can be changed, the larger the deflection angle of solar rays is, the larger the deflection of the four photoresistors 4 is, the more sensitive the sensor is in a certain range, but the influence of stray light rays in the environment is larger.
As shown in fig. 3: when sunlight is on the eastern side of the light-isolating plate 3, the light intensity received by the two photoresistors 4 on the left side is larger, the resistance value is small, the light intensity received by the two photoresistors 4 on the western side is smaller due to the fact that sunlight is blocked by the light-isolating plate, the resistance value is large, the photoelectric sensor collects the change value of the photoresistors 4 and outputs deviation signals, the microcomputer compares the four groups of deviation signals to judge that the sun is on the eastern side, the stepping motor is driven to adjust in the horizontal and pitching directions, so that the tracking device is vertically aligned with the sun, at the moment, the sensitization intensity of the four photoresistors 4 is the same, the photoelectric sensor outputs deviation of 0, sun tracking is stopped, similarly, when the sun is in the southeast direction of the sensor, the photoelectric sensor outputs four groups of deviation signals, the microcomputer analyzes and processes to judge the position of the sun, when the tracking device is not aligned with the sun, the photoelectric sensor transmits the deviation signals to the microcomputer, and the photoelectric sensors can simultaneously adjust the angles of the horizontal and pitching directions according to the control of the tracking device, so that the tracking purpose is achieved.
As shown in fig. 4: a cylinder is adopted for shading, a light hole 5 is designed at the top of the cylinder, sunlight irradiates the bottom of the cylinder through the light hole 5, the light hole 5 is encapsulated by transparent glass, four photoresistors 4 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylinder, when the sunlight is incident at a position where a sensor is deviated to the east side, the projected area of the sunlight at the west side of the bottom of the cylinder is larger, the light intensity received by the photoresistors 4 at the right side is the largest, deviation signals of the four photoresistors output by a photoelectric sensor are detected by a microcomputer, the difference value between the photoresistors 4 and other photoresistors is larger, so that the position of the sun at the east side is judged, a stepping motor is controlled to adjust in the horizontal and pitching directions, a tracking device is vertically aligned with the sun, when the sunlight is vertically incident, the light intensity received by the photoresistors is the same at the moment, the deviation signals are 0, and the tracking device stops tracking; error is reduced.
In summary, and in combination with experimental data, select
。
The diaphragm type sensor is easy to be interfered by surrounding environment, the requirements of the light tube type sensor on the incident light angle are strict, the design scheme is analyzed and compared, the design structure of the light tube type sensor is adopted, the fact that the structure possibly cannot irradiate the photoresistor 4 under the condition of large incident angle is considered, the once sun-viewing movement track tracking can be firstly carried out, the tracking angle is deviated, the photoelectric tracking can work normally within the allowable range of the incident angle of the light tube type sensor, the condition that the photoelectric tracking cannot be carried out is avoided, meanwhile, a four-quadrant photocell is adopted to replace the photoresistor 4, the four-quadrant photocell is composed of four photovoltaic cells, a good linear relation exists between the output current and the illumination intensity of the photovoltaic cells, the change of short-circuit current is converted into the change of voltage by utilizing an operational amplifier, and the singlechip is convenient for analyzing and processing deviation signals;
When light is projected to the four-quadrant photocell through the light-transmitting hole, the magnitude of the four-quadrant output current is related to the area to be irradiated, and as shown in fig. 5, the hatched areas A, B, C, D are respectively four quadrants of the photocell, sunlight generates light spots on the four-quadrant photocell after passing through the light-transmitting hole, and the offset amounts of the light spot center O' and the photocell center O in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are respectively
、/>
When sunlight deflects, the light spot center O' and the photocell center O are not coincident any more, and an offset amount +.>
and />
By adjusting the angle of the photosensor, let +.>
At this point the spot center O' coincides with the photocell center O and the solar rays are realigned to the photosensor.
The output current IA, IB, IC, ID of the four-quadrant photocell is processed by an operational amplifier and converted into voltage signals respectively
、/>
、/>
、/>
. Processing four voltage signals, +.>
and />
Respectively respond to offset->
and />
：
The change in the spot illumination power changes the size of UA, UB, UC, UD, which may be affected if calculated by the above equation
and />
As a result of (a), misjudgment is made in the photoelectric sensor, and the above equation is processed to eliminate the influence of the spot power, to obtain the following equation:
here is stipulated that 
At the same time, the solar altitude is shifted west, +.>
When the solar altitude is shifted upwards.
Through research and design of the light-following algorithm, the light-following algorithm based on the tracking of the motion track of the sun and the photoelectric tracking is selected.
In the photoelectric tracking algorithm research, by analyzing the working principle of a photoelectric sensor and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of two designs of a baffle type sensor and a light drum type sensor, the light drum type sensor based on a four-quadrant photocell is designed, and a tracking strategy of tracking a sun-viewing movement track at first and then photoelectric tracking is adopted to ensure the normal work of the light drum type sensor;
in order to ensure tracking accuracy, and considering design difficulty and cost of the tracking device, a tracking mode is selected for altitude-azimuth tracking.
As shown in fig. 6: the intelligent light-following system for the groove type photo-thermal power generation comprises a controller, a photoelectric sensor, a yin-Qing detection circuit, a clock circuit, a timing module, a driving circuit, an adjusting device and a display module, wherein the adjusting device comprises a horizontal stepping motor, a pitching stepping motor, a horizontal limiting module, a pitching limiting module and an executing mechanism. The signal output ends of the cloudy-sunny detection circuit, the clock circuit and the timing module are all connected with the signal input end of the controller, the photoelectric sensor is connected with the signal input end of the controller after being sequentially connected with the signal processing circuit and the A/D conversion circuit in series, the signal output end of the controller is connected with the signal output end of the controller through the driving circuit, the signal output end of the driving circuit is simultaneously connected with the signal input ends of the horizontal stepping motor and the pitching stepping motor, the output shaft of the horizontal stepping motor is connected with the executing mechanism through the horizontal limiting module, and the output shaft of the pitching stepping motor is connected with the executing mechanism through the pitching limiting module.
The system adopts a hardware design scheme of a light tracking system based on STC89C52 singlechip control, the light tracking system of the trough type photo-thermal power generation system displays the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun and the condensing plate in real time through the LCD1, the singlechip calculates an adjustment angle, the stepping motor is used for driving an executing mechanism to turn to the position of the sun, and the clock circuit provides time information for the singlechip and adjusts the system time through keys.
As shown in fig. 7 to 8: the photoelectric sensor adopts a QP50-6 type silicon four-quadrant detector as a photoelectric conversion device, the light receiving diameter of the device is 7.8mm, the spectrum range is 400-1100nm, the peak current is 10mA, the photoelectric sensor is mainly applied to a solar tracker, laser guidance, photoelectric centering, laser measurement and the like, six PINs are shared among photoelectric sensor PINs, PIN1, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN6 are respectively connected with the anode of a diode D, A, B, C, PIN5 is a public cathode, PIN2 is suspended, the current and voltage output by the QP50-6 type silicon four-quadrant detector are smaller, amplification processing is required, a QP50-6 current signal processing circuit is shown in fig. 8, two LF444CN type four-operational amplifier integrated operational amplifiers are adopted, one operational amplifier carries out current-voltage conversion on the current output by the QP50-6, the other operational amplifier carries out voltage amplification, the current is converted into a readable digital quantity of a singlechip through A/D conversion, R1=R2=R3=R4, R5=R6=R7=R8=R10=R10=R11.
The current signal processing circuit of the photoelectric sensor comprises photosensitive resistors A-D, photoelectric sensors PS 1-PS 8, resistors R1-R12, a single chip microcomputer U1-U4 and capacitors C1-C4, wherein the photosensitive resistors 4 are respectively arranged in four directions, the cathode of the photosensitive resistor A is simultaneously connected with a PIN5 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS2, one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the capacitor C2, a PIN11 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS2 is grounded, a PIN7 of the photoelectric sensor PS2 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R2, the other end of the capacitor C2 and a PIN6 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS6, the PIN5 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS6 is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R10 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R6 and the PIN7 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS6 are simultaneously connected with the single chip microcomputer U2; the cathode of the photoresistor B is simultaneously connected with a PIN10 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS3, one end of a resistor R3 and one end of a capacitor C3, a PIN9 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS3 is grounded, a PIN8 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS3 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C3 and the PIN9 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS7, a PIN10 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS7 is simultaneously connected with one end of a resistor R11 and one end of a resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R11 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R7 and the PIN8 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS7 are simultaneously connected with the singlechip U3; the cathode of the photoresistor C is simultaneously connected with the PIN12 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS4, one end of the resistor R4 and one end of the capacitor C4, the PIN13 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS4 is grounded, the PIN14 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS4 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R4, the other end of the capacitor C4 and the PIN13 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS8, the PIN12 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS8 is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R12 and one end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R12 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R8 and the PIN14 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS8 are simultaneously connected with the singlechip U4; the cathode of the photoresistor D is simultaneously connected with a PIN3 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS1, one end of a resistor R1 and one end of a capacitor C1, a PIN2 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS1 is grounded, the PIN1 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS1 is simultaneously connected with the other end of the resistor R1, the other end of the capacitor C1 and the PIN2 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS5, the PIN3 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS5 is simultaneously connected with one end of a resistor R9 and one end of a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R5 and the PIN1 PIN of the photoelectric sensor PS5 are connected with the singlechip U1.
As shown in fig. 9: the A/D conversion circuit comprises a chip C and a singlechip U5, wherein a P3.0/RXD pin of the chip C is connected with a SCL pin of the singlechip U5, a P3.1/TXD pin of the chip C is connected with an SDA pin of the singlechip U5, an A0 pin, an A1 pin, an A2 pin and an EXT pin of the singlechip U5 are grounded, a VREF pin of the singlechip U5 is connected with +5V voltage, and an AGND pin of the singlechip U5 is grounded. The singlechip U5 is a common commercial chip, such as a singlechip with the model of PCF 8591. Chip C may be a commercially available chip, such as one with signal STC89C 52.
The current output by QP50-6 silicon four-quadrant detector in A/D conversion circuit is converted into analog voltage signal by processing circuit, A/D conversion circuit converts analog voltage into digital quantity, and transmits it into single-chip microcomputer, considering that STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer I/O interface quantity is limited, 4-channel signal if adopting common parallel data transmission, A/D conversion circuit can occupy a large number of interfaces, single-chip microcomputer function expansion will be difficult, PCF8591 has 1 serial
And the bus interface is used for carrying out serial data transmission by data input and output through the bus, only two I/O ports of the singlechip are occupied, and PCF8591 is provided with 4 analog inputs (AIN 0-AIN 3) and just meets the A/D conversion of four paths of signals of the photoelectric sensor.
As shown in fig. 10: the yin-sunny detection circuit comprises an OR gate 4071, operational amplifiers CF 1-CF 2, photodiodes LDR 5-LDR 6, resistors R13-R16, and resistors R23 and R24, wherein a PIN1 PIN of the operational amplifier CF1 and a PIN7 PIN of the operational amplifier CF2 are connected with a chip C through the OR gate 4071; the PIN4 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with +5V voltage, the PIN3 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with the output electrode of the photodiode LDR5 and one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 is grounded, the PIN2 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with the common end of the resistors R13 and R14, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, and the PIN11 PIN of the operational amplifier CF1 is grounded; the PIN4 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with +5V voltage, the PIN5 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with one end of a photodiode LDR6 output pole and a resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is grounded, the PIN6 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with the common end of the resistors R15 and R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R15 is grounded, and the PIN11 of the operational amplifier CF2 is grounded.
The cloudy-sunny detection circuit is used for detecting illumination intensity, when the illumination intensity circuit reaches a sunny day and outputs a high level, otherwise, the illumination intensity circuit outputs a low level, the photosensitive sensor is required to be sensitive to the induction of light intensity change, the cloudy-sunny detection circuit selects a 2CU101D type photosensitive diode as a photosensitive device, when the illumination intensity changes, the conduction current of the photosensitive diode changes, the voltages of R22 and R23 change, the voltages to the ground of R13 and R15 are equal to the minimum voltages of R14 and R16 in sunny days, and when the voltage of R0 and R1 is compared, the UR22 is greater than UR14 or the UR23 is greater than UR16 in sunny days, and the circuit outputs a high level.
As shown in fig. 11: the driving circuit comprises a chip C, a singlechip U3-U4 and a stepping motor M1-M2, wherein a P2.0/A8 pin of the chip C is connected with a 3B pin of the singlechip U3, a P2.1/A9 pin of the chip C is connected with a 4B pin of the singlechip U3, a P2.2/A10 pin of the chip C is connected with a 5B pin of the singlechip U3, a P2.3/A11 pin of the chip C is connected with a 6B pin of the singlechip U3, a P2.4/A12 pin of the chip C is connected with a 3B pin of the singlechip U4, a P2.5/A13 pin of the chip C is connected with a 4B pin of the singlechip U4, a P2.6/A14 pin of the chip C is connected with a 5B pin of the singlechip U4, P2.7/A15 pin of chip C connects the 6B pin connection of singlechip U4, and the +5V voltage is connected to singlechip U3 'S COM pin, and singlechip U3' S3C pin, 4C pin, 5C pin and 6C pin connect horizontal stepper motor 'S G1, G2, G3 and G4 wiring end respectively, and +5V voltage is connected simultaneously to horizontal stepper motor' S two wiring ends in the middle, and +5V voltage is connected to singlechip U4 'S COM pin, and pitch stepper motor' S S1, S2, S3 and S4 wiring end are connected respectively to singlechip U4 'S3C pin, 5C pin and 6C pin, and +5V voltage is connected simultaneously to pitch stepper motor' S two wiring ends in the middle.
The singlechip U3 and the singlechip U4 are all commercially available common chips, such as a singlechip with the model of ULN 2003A.
After receiving a pulse signal, the stepping motor rotates a fixed angle according to a designated direction, the rotating angle is called a step angle, the rotating direction of the stepping motor is related to the triggering sequence of the pulses, the rotating angle is related to the number of the pulses, and the singlechip controls the number of the output pulses and the triggering sequence according to the calculated rotating angle and direction, so that the stepping motor is controlled to rotate.
The stepping motor type is 86BYGH2504, the stepping angle is 1.8 degrees, the torque is 12N M, the phase current is 4.2A, the driving is realized through a 2HB064M driver, the driver cannot be directly controlled due to the fact that the output current of an I/O port of a singlechip is small, the ULN2003 is used for driving the 2HB064M through the woodton array driving, the stepping motor is further controlled by the driver, seven paths of input and output channels are formed in the ULN2003, the driving circuit is required to drive two stepping motors, and two driving ULN2003 are adopted for driving.
As shown in fig. 12: the clock circuit comprises batteries BAT 1-BAT 2, a single-chip microcomputer U2, a crystal oscillator X2 and a chip C, wherein an X1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with an X2 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 after being connected with the crystal oscillator X2 in series, a VCC1 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with the batteries BAT2 and BAT1 in series and then grounded, a VCC2 pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a power supply terminal VCC, a RST pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a P1.0/T2 pin of the chip C, a SCLK pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a P1.1/T2EX pin of the chip C, and an I/O pin of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with a P1.2 pin of the chip C.
The singlechip U2 is a commercially available common chip, such as a singlechip with the model DS 1302.
In a track tracking algorithm of a day-to-day movement track, time information needs to be acquired, the requirement on time accuracy is high, although the singlechip can realize timing, the singlechip also needs to calculate the angle of the sun and process signals of a photoelectric sensor and the like at the same time during tracking, so that the operation load of the singlechip can be increased, errors are generated during tracking, an external clock chip DSl is adopted, more accurate date information can be acquired, the operation speed of the singlechip is improved, DSl is communicated with the singlechip through a serial port, the interface is simple, the track tracking system has the functions of timing the date (year, month, day, hour, minute and second) and leap year compensation, wherein the X2 is connected with a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator, SCLK is serial clock input, and data is transmitted through an I/O port in series.
As shown in fig. 13: the display module comprises a display screen LCD1, a potentiometer RV1, a resistor-discharging RP1 and a chip C, wherein the VSS pin of the display screen LCD1 is grounded, the VDD pin of the display screen LCD1 is connected with +5V voltage, the VEE pin of the display screen LCD1 is connected with one end of the potentiometer RV1, the other two ends of the potentiometer RV1 are respectively connected with +5V voltage and ground, the D0 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.0/AD0 pin of the chip C and the 2 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D1 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.1/AD1 pin of the chip C and the 3 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D2 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.2/AD2 pin of the chip C and the 4 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D4 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.4/AD4 pin of the chip RP1 and the 5 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D4 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.4/AD 1 pin of the chip C1, and the D5 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.5 pin of the chip C1 and the P7/AD 1, and the D1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.2/AD 1 pin of the chip 7, and the P7/7 is simultaneously connected with the P1 and the P6/7 pin of the chip 7.
The display in the display module needs to display time information in real time and the height angle and azimuth angle of the sun and the condensing plate, so that the real-time tracking condition of the light following system is known, the display screen adopts the LCD11602, 2X 16 characters can be displayed, and because the P0 port of the STC89C52 singlechip is a drain open type, the LCD11602 cannot be directly driven without a pull-up resistor, and the LCD11602 can be ensured to normally display due to the fact that the pull-up resistor is added to the P0 port.
As shown in fig. 14: the horizontal limiting module and the pitching limiting module are combined into a limiting module. The limiting module comprises a single chip microcomputer U6, a single U8, switches S7-S8, resistors R15-R16, R24-R25 and a three-stage tube Q1-Q2, wherein the 1 pin of the single chip microcomputer U6 is connected with +5V voltage, the 2 pin of the single chip microcomputer U6 is connected with the switch S8 in series and then grounded, the 5 pin of the single chip microcomputer U6 is connected with +5V voltage, the 4 pin of the single chip microcomputer U6 is connected with the base electrode of the three-stage tube Q1 after being connected with the resistor R15 in series, the emitter electrode of the three-stage tube Q1 is grounded, the collector electrode is connected with +5V voltage after being connected with the resistor R26 in series, the 2 pin of the single chip microcomputer U8 is connected with +5V voltage after being connected with the switch S7, the 5 pin of the single chip microcomputer U8 is connected with the base electrode of the three-stage tube Q2 after being connected with the resistor R16 in series, the emitter electrode of the three-stage tube Q2 is grounded, and the collector electrode is connected with +5V voltage after being connected with the resistor R25.
When the stepping motor in the limit module is reset in the sky black, in order to enable the stepping motor to accurately reach the limit position, meanwhile, the damage to the system caused by the offside of the stepping motor is prevented, the limit module is required to be additionally arranged on the tracking device, photoelectric isolation is realized by utilizing the photoelectric coupler, the system interruption is avoided, the interference is avoided, the reliability of limit detection is ensured, the photoelectric coupler is arranged inside the limit groove, the output end is connected with the base electrode of the triode, the collector electrode of the triode is connected with the external interruption of the singlechip, when the sky black is reset, the stepping motor turns to the initial position, before the limit rod does not reach the limit, the limit switch is closed, the current of the photoelectric coupler is output to the base electrode of the triode, the triode is conducted, the collector electrode is high-level, when the limit is reached, the limit switch is disconnected, the photoelectric coupler does not output current, the collector electrode of the triode outputs 0, the external interruption detects the falling edge, the external interruption processing program is entered, the motor stops rotating immediately, and meanwhile, the rotation of the stepping motor recorded by the singlechip is cleared in the rotation beat number and the angle, the reset is completed, and the reset is completed, wherein the external interruption is 0: a horizontal limit signal; external interrupt 1: pitch direction limit signal.
As shown in fig. 15: the crystal oscillator circuit in the peripheral auxiliary circuit of the singlechip is used for providing stable working frequency and ensuring the normal execution of the instruction of the singlechip, wherein the crystal oscillator is 12MHz, C1=C2=22pF.
The oscillating circuit comprises capacitors C5 and C6, a crystal oscillator X1 and a singlechip U1, wherein an XTAL1 pin and an XTAL2 pin of the singlechip U1 are respectively connected with two ends of the crystal oscillator X1, and the two ends of the crystal oscillator X1 are respectively connected with the capacitors C5 and C6 in series and then grounded.
As shown in fig. 16: the singlechip in the peripheral auxiliary circuit of the singlechip has no automatic reset function, and in order to ensure that the singlechip is in an initial state when starting, a reset circuit needs to be additionally arranged, the reset circuit adopts a key for resetting, and the reset circuit has the function of outputting a high level for a certain time at the reset end of the singlechip, so that the singlechip is initialized, and a software program is re-executed when the singlechip fails, so that the singlechip stably works.
The reset circuit comprises a singlechip U1, a resistor R17, a capacitor C7 and a switch S6, wherein the RST pin of the singlechip U1 is simultaneously connected with one end of the switch S6, one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the resistor R17, the other end of the resistor R17 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C7 and the other end of the switch S6 are simultaneously connected with +5V voltage.
As shown in fig. 17: the time adjustment module comprises key switches S1-S5, a chip C and resistors R18-R22, wherein a pin P1.3 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of a resistor R18 and one end of a key switch S1, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the key switch S1 is grounded, a pin P1.4 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of a resistor R19 and one end of a key switch S2, the other end of the resistor R19 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the key switch S2 is grounded, a pin P1.5 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of a resistor R20 and one end of a key switch S3, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the key switch S4 is grounded, a pin P1.7 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R22 and one end of the key switch S5, and the other end of the key switch S22 is connected with +5V voltage.
The sun-viewing movement track tracking algorithm obtains the sun angle according to the time information, in order to ensure the accuracy of the system time, a key switch circuit is required to be designed for adjusting the system time, the key switch circuit has 5 key switches, the system enters time adjustment by pressing a setting key, the time of year, month, day, time, minute, second can be selected by pressing a selection key, the plus and minus keys respectively add 1 and subtract 1 to the date, and the time adjustment is completed by pressing a determination key.
As shown in fig. 18: the control method of the light following system comprises the following steps:
s1: judging whether the regulating device is reset, if so, executing the step S2, and if not, executing the reset operation and then executing the step S2;
s2: reading time;
reading time from the DS1302 by the singlechip after resetting;
s3: calculating the altitude and azimuth of the sun;
obtaining the altitude and azimuth of the sun through a sun position calculation program;
s4: judging whether the solar altitude is larger than 3 degrees, if not, executing the step S2, and if yes, executing the step S5;
judging whether the current day is the sun according to the solar altitude, and when the solar altitude is more than 3 degrees, considering the current day by the system, and starting to execute a solar tracking program;
s5: tracking a daily movement track;
Performing primary sun-viewing movement track tracking (preliminary tracking), ensuring that the light drum type sensor can receive illumination, and performing sun-viewing movement track tracking or photoelectric tracking according to sunny days;
s6: judging whether the weather is sunny or not, if so, executing photoelectric tracking, and if not, executing a step S7;
after initial tracking is finished, the system reads the output of the cloudy-sunny detection circuit, the sunny day is high level, the cloudy day is low level, if the sunny day is sunny, the system starts to execute a photoelectric tracking program, the sun position is detected through a photoelectric sensor, a stepping motor is driven to rotate according to the calculated direction and angle, the frequent tracking can lead the light tracking system to consume more energy, after the photoelectric tracking is finished, the energy consumption can be reduced, the solar energy utilization efficiency is improved, the solar angle can change by about 1 degree in consideration of every 4 minutes, the time interval is set for 10 minutes, the maximum error before the next tracking is 2.5 degrees, and the solar energy utilization efficiency is not greatly influenced;
s7: tracking a sun-viewing movement track, and adjusting the condensing plate to the position of the sun after 5 minutes;
the illumination intensity is lower in the daytime, the solar energy received by the photo-thermal power generation system is reduced, the illumination intensity in each direction is uniform, the position of the sun cannot be judged through the photoelectric sensor, tracking is unstable, and large errors exist, so that photoelectric tracking cannot be performed, a sun-viewing movement track tracking program is performed to ensure the stability of light tracking, and a condensing plate is adjusted to the position of the sun after 5 minutes;
S8: waiting for 10min;
in a waiting interval of 10 minutes, assuming that the weather becomes a sunny day, the angle of the sun in the first 5 minutes gradually approaches the angle of the condensing plate, the angle of the sun in the second 5 minutes gradually deviates from the position of the condensing plate, and the maximum error of the tracking angle is about 1.25 degrees, even if the weather is changed into a sunny day in the waiting interval of 10 minutes, the system does not track any more, but the tracking method of leading for 5 minutes can improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy as much as possible, and the tracking method can reduce the tracking error in the cloudy day, reduce the energy consumption of the light following system, receive the sun illumination to the maximum extent and ensure the stability of the light following system;
s9: judging whether the nursing height angle is smaller than 3 degrees, if so, executing a step S10, and if not, executing a step S5;
s10: the adjusting device is reset.
When the solar altitude is less than 3 degrees, the solar altitude is low, the system is not tracked any more in consideration of the problem of supporting the condensing plate, and the stepping motor is reset after 20 minutes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications or alterations to the disclosed technical content to the equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Intelligent light following system of slot type photo-thermal power generation, its characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a photoelectric sensor, a cloudy-sunny detection circuit, a clock circuit, a time adjustment module, a driving circuit and an adjusting device, wherein signal output ends of the cloudy-sunny detection circuit, the clock circuit and the time adjustment module are all connected with a signal input end of the controller, the photoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a signal processing circuit and an A/D (analog to digital) conversion circuit in series and then connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the adjusting device through the driving circuit;
the control method comprises the following steps:
s1: judging whether the regulating device is reset, if so, executing the step S2, and if not, executing the reset operation and then executing the step S2;
s2: reading time;
s3: calculating the altitude and azimuth of the sun;
s4: judging whether the solar altitude is larger than 3 degrees, if not, executing the step S2, and if yes, executing the step S5;
s5: tracking a daily movement track;
s6: judging whether the weather is sunny or not, if so, executing photoelectric tracking, and if not, executing a step S7;
s7: tracking a sun-viewing movement track, and adjusting the condensing plate to the position of the sun after 5 minutes;
s8: waiting for 10min;
S9: judging whether the nursing height angle is smaller than 3 degrees, if so, executing a step S10, and if not, executing a step S5;
s10: the adjusting device is reset.
2. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the time in the step S2 is the true solar time
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
when the condition is true of the sun,tfor flat sun, the person is treated with->
Time difference, the units are all hours;
wherein ,
，Nthe long-term is the long-term.
3. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the shadow detection circuit comprises an OR gate 4071, operational amplifiers CF 1-CF 2, photodiodes LDR 5-LDR 6 and resistors R13-R16, R23 and R24, wherein PINs PIN7 of the operational amplifiers CF 1-CF 2 are connected with a chip C through the OR gate 4071;
the PIN4 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with +5V voltage, the PIN3 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with the output electrode of the photodiode LDR5 and one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 is grounded, the PIN2 of the operational amplifier CF1 is connected with the common end of the resistors R13 and R14, the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, and the PIN11 PIN of the operational amplifier CF1 is grounded;
the PIN4 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with +5V voltage, the PIN5 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with one end of a photodiode LDR6 output pole and a resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is grounded, the PIN6 of the operational amplifier CF2 is connected with the common end of the resistors R15 and R16, the other end of the resistor R16 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the resistor R15 is grounded, and the PIN11 of the operational amplifier CF2 is grounded.
4. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the A/D conversion circuit comprises a chip C and a singlechip U5, wherein a P3.0/RX pin of the chip C is connected with a SCL pin of the singlechip U5, a P3.1/TXD pin of the chip C is connected with an SDA pin of the singlechip U5, an A0 pin, an A1 pin, an A2 pin and an EXT pin of the singlechip U5 are all grounded, a VREF pin of the singlechip U5 is connected with +5V voltage, and an AGND pin of the singlechip U5 is grounded.
5. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the clock circuit comprises batteries BAT 1-BAT 2, a singlechip U2, a crystal oscillator X2 and a chip C, wherein an X1 pin of the singlechip U2 is connected with the X2 pin of the singlechip U2 in series with the crystal oscillator X2, a VCC1 pin of the singlechip U2 is sequentially connected with the batteries BAT2 and BAT1 in series and then grounded, a VCC2 pin of the singlechip U2 is connected with a power supply terminal VCC, a RST pin of the singlechip U2 is connected with a P1.0/T2 pin of the chip C, a SCLK pin of the singlechip U2 is connected with a P1.1/T2EX pin of the chip C, and an I/O pin of the singlechip U3 is connected with a P1.2 pin of the chip C.
6. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting device comprises a horizontal stepping motor, a pitching stepping motor, a horizontal limiting module, a pitching limiting module and an actuating mechanism, wherein the signal output end of the driving circuit is connected with the signal input ends of the horizontal stepping motor and the pitching stepping motor at the same time, the output shaft of the horizontal stepping motor is connected with the actuating mechanism through the horizontal limiting module, and the output shaft of the pitching stepping motor is connected with the actuating mechanism through the pitching limiting module.
7. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the display module is connected with the signal output end of the controller.
8. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 7, wherein: the display module comprises a display screen LCD1, a potentiometer RV1, a resistor-discharging RP1 and a chip C, wherein the VSS pin of the display screen LCD1 is grounded, the VDD pin of the display screen LCD1 is connected with +5V voltage, the VEE pin of the display screen LCD1 is connected with one end of the potentiometer RV1, the other two ends of the potentiometer RV2 are respectively connected with +5V voltage and ground, the D0 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.0/AD0 pin of the chip C and the 2 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D1 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.1/AD1 pin of the chip C and the 3 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D2 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.2/AD2 pin of the chip C and the 4 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1, the D4 pin of the display screen LCD1 is simultaneously connected with the P0.4/AD4 pin of the chip C, the D4 pin of the chip C is simultaneously connected with the P5/AD 1 pin of the chip C1, and the D1/D7 pin of the chip C7 is simultaneously connected with the P1/AD 1 and the P7 pin of the chip C1, and the D1 is simultaneously connected with the P1/7 pin of the chip C1 and the P7/7 pin of the resistor-discharging RP1 is simultaneously connected with the P1 and the P1/3 pin of the chip C1.
9. The intelligent light following system for trough type photo-thermal power generation according to claim 1, wherein: the time adjustment module comprises key switches S1-S5, a chip C and resistors R17-R20, wherein a pin P1.3 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R17 and one end of the key switch S1, the other end of the resistor R17 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the key switch S1 is grounded, a pin P1.4 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R18 and one end of the key switch S2, the other end of the resistor R18 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the key switch S2 is grounded, a pin P1.5 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R19 and one end of the key switch S3, the other end of the key switch S3 is grounded, a pin P1.6 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R20 and one end of the key switch S4, the other end of the resistor R20 is connected with +5V voltage, the other end of the key switch S4 is grounded, and the other end of the pin P1.7 of the chip C is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor R21 and one end of the key switch S5, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with +5V voltage, and the other end of the key switch S5 is grounded.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310456816.4A CN116185085A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310456816.4A CN116185085A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116185085A true CN116185085A (en) | 2023-05-30 |
Family
ID=86444653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310456816.4A Withdrawn CN116185085A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116185085A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202548648U (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-11-21 | 中国科学院遥感应用研究所 | Solar automatic tracking system |
| CN103926937A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 国家电网公司 | Efficient solar energy automatic tracking method and device |
| CN104238581A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2014-12-24 | 北京金自天正智能控制股份有限公司 | Sun auto-tracking system and method |
| CN107943113A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of folding solar automatic tracking device |
| CN110531792A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-03 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of solar energy sunshade system and its adjusting method |
| CN113515145A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-10-19 | 南京理工大学 | Double-shaft sun tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof |
-
2023
- 2023-04-26 CN CN202310456816.4A patent/CN116185085A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202548648U (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-11-21 | 中国科学院遥感应用研究所 | Solar automatic tracking system |
| CN103926937A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 国家电网公司 | Efficient solar energy automatic tracking method and device |
| CN104238581A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2014-12-24 | 北京金自天正智能控制股份有限公司 | Sun auto-tracking system and method |
| CN107943113A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of folding solar automatic tracking device |
| CN110531792A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-03 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of solar energy sunshade system and its adjusting method |
| CN113515145A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-10-19 | 南京理工大学 | Double-shaft sun tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 孟宝: "汽车可折叠式太阳能板追光系统的设计与研究", CNKI硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技II辑, no. 1, pages 2 * |
| 胖莹: "基于STM32的太阳跟踪控制系统的设计与研究", CNKI硕士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑, no. 8, pages 1 - 2 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101662241B (en) | Sun orientation automatic tracking method and device used for photovoltaic power generation | |
| CN201488725U (en) | Sun azimuth detecting device for automatically tracking sun | |
| CN202281957U (en) | Sun orientation sensor | |
| CN104035449B (en) | The dual-axis tracking system of a kind of solar panel and tracking thereof | |
| CN103235603A (en) | Automatic sun tracking device and control method | |
| CN203689162U (en) | Solar automatic tracking device | |
| CN103455049A (en) | Automatic photovoltaic tracking control system | |
| CN106444868B (en) | Heliostat precise control device and method based on sunlight reference system | |
| CN103744437A (en) | Tracking method for automatic solar tracking system | |
| CN202093397U (en) | Solar tracking system | |
| CN111130444A (en) | High-precision concentrating solar cell double-shaft sun tracking system and method | |
| CN106602986A (en) | Sunshine tracking system, solar energy application device and sunshine tracking method | |
| CN201408367Y (en) | Sun-following tracking probe | |
| CN202331218U (en) | Automatic high-precision sunward tracking control device | |
| CN111338392B (en) | Sun tracking method and system | |
| Lv et al. | Tracking control and output power optimization of a concentrator photovoltaic system with polar axis | |
| CN116185085A (en) | Intelligent light following system for groove type photo-thermal power generation | |
| CN201467026U (en) | Fixed-sun automatic tracking photovoltaic generating system | |
| CN113515145A (en) | Double-shaft sun tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof | |
| CN207399140U (en) | A kind of reflection-type slot light collection cogeneration system | |
| CN203054617U (en) | Solar panel automatic control steering device | |
| AU2021105392A4 (en) | Intelligent solar panel control device capable of self-adjusting as per sun height and using method thereof | |
| CN204788345U (en) | Wireless digital sun is trailed position and is detected head | |
| CN111796609B (en) | Automatic tracking type solar photovoltaic power generation system and method | |
| CN203397222U (en) | Photovoltaic tracking automatic control system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20230530 |