CN113515145A

CN113515145A - Double-shaft sun tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113515145A
Application number: CN202110367114.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于睿; 马国梁; 殷盼盼
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-04-06
Filing date: 2021-04-06
Publication date: 2021-10-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system and a control method thereof, wherein the double-shaft sun tracking system comprises the following steps: the device comprises a control unit, a butterfly condenser, a motor unit, a man-machine interaction unit, a sensor measuring unit and a timer; the control unit is connected with the butterfly condenser through a motor unit, the control unit is connected with the human-computer interaction unit and the timer respectively, the sensor measuring unit comprises a height and angle position sensor, an azimuth position sensor and a photoelectric sensor, the control unit is connected with the butterfly condenser through the height and angle position sensor and the azimuth position sensor respectively, and the control unit is connected with the photoelectric sensor through a photoelectric sensor signal conditioning circuit. The invention has the characteristics of convenient human-computer interaction, simple structure, higher reliability, small volume, low power consumption, low cost, strong anti-interference capability, convenient maintenance and the like.

Description

Double-shaft sun tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sun tracking, and particularly relates to a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system and a control method thereof.

Background

The energy structure based on the conventional energy is not suitable for the requirement of sustainable development along with the continuous consumption of resources, and the development and utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar energy and the like are accelerated, so that people have become familiar with the energy structure. Solar energy is used as a clean energy source, is a primary energy source and a renewable energy source, and has incomparable advantages compared with fossil energy. However, the low efficiency of solar energy utilization has always affected and prevented the popularization of solar energy technology. The utilization of the automatic sun tracking device is an important way for improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The accurate sun tracking device is researched, so that the acceptance rate of the solar cell panel can be greatly improved, the utilization efficiency of solar energy can be improved, and the utilization field of the solar energy can be widened.

The existing sun tracking system focuses on mechanical structure, astronomical algorithm tracking and photoelectric sensor tracking, but neglects the problem of human-computer interaction between an operator and the system, and brings inconvenience to the system operator in debugging, maintenance and detection of the system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system and a control method thereof, so that a condenser can collect solar radiation energy at the maximum efficiency in different seasons and different sunshine hours, the normal line of the condenser is always parallel to the sunlight, and a man-machine interaction module is arranged, so that convenience in debugging, installation and overhauling is provided for maintainers and operators.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a photovoltaic power generation system dual-axis solar tracking system, comprising: the device comprises a control unit, a butterfly condenser, a motor unit, a man-machine interaction unit, a sensor measuring unit and a timer;

the control unit is connected with the butterfly condenser through the motor unit, the control unit is respectively connected with the man-machine interaction unit and the timer,

the sensor measuring unit comprises an altitude and angle position sensor, an azimuth position sensor and a photoelectric sensor, the control unit is connected with the butterfly condenser through the altitude and angle position sensor and the azimuth position sensor respectively, and the control unit is connected with the photoelectric sensor through a photoelectric sensor signal conditioning circuit.

Further, the control unit comprises a single chip microcomputer microprocessor MCU and a logic control device CPLD.

Further, the motor unit comprises a motor drive control circuit and a reversible motor, the logic control device CPLD is connected with the reversible motor through the motor drive control circuit, the reversible motor is connected with the butterfly condenser, and the reversible motor comprises an azimuth angle motor and an altitude angle motor.

Further, the human-computer interaction unit comprises an operation panel, a liquid crystal display module and a key module, the operation panel is connected with the logic control device CPLD, and the liquid crystal display module and the key module are connected with the MCU.

Further, the model of the single chip microcomputer microprocessor MCU is C8051F020, the altitude position sensor and the azimuth position sensor are Hall encoders with the model of MAB25, the model of the liquid crystal display module is LCM1602, and the timer is a clock chip with the model of SD 2401.

Furthermore, the azimuth sensor is connected to pins P0.0 and P0.1 of the single-chip microprocessor, pin P3.1 of the single-chip microprocessor is connected to a chip selection signal end CS of the azimuth sensor, the altitude sensor is connected to pins P0.2 and P0.3 of the single-chip microprocessor, pin P3.0 of the single-chip microprocessor is connected to the chip selection signal end CS of the altitude sensor, pins SDA and SCL of the clock chip SD2401 are respectively connected to the single-chip microprocessor P0.6 and P0.7, and four operation keys of the liquid crystal display module and the key module are connected with an input/output I/O port of the single-chip microprocessor.

Further, the motor drive control circuit comprises a third integrated chip module, a first connector J1, a second connector J2, a first solid state relay switch K1, a second solid state relay switch K2, a third solid state relay switch K3 and a fourth solid state relay switch K4;

the third integrated chip module comprises a third integrated chip and a fifth monolithic capacitor, wherein a pin ELN 1 of the third integrated chip is connected with a pin P1.7 of the single-chip microprocessor, a pin ELP 2 is connected with a pin P1.6 of the single-chip microprocessor, a pin AZN 3 is connected with a pin P1.5 of the single-chip microprocessor, a pin AZP 4 is connected with a pin P1.4 of the single-chip microprocessor, a pin GND 8 is grounded, a pin COM 9 is connected with 12V voltage, the positive electrode of the fifth monolithic capacitor is connected with 12V voltage, the negative electrode of the fifth monolithic capacitor is grounded, a pin RAZP 13 is connected with a first solid-state relay switch K1, a pin RAZN 14 is connected with a second solid-state relay switch K2, a pin RELP 15 is connected with a third solid-state relay switch K3, and a pin RELN 16 is connected with a fourth solid-state relay switch K4;

the first connector J1 is connected with 220V single-phase alternating current, a pin No. 1 of the first connector J1 is connected with a live wire AC220VL, a pin No. 2 is connected with a neutral wire AC220VN, and a second connector J2 is connected with an azimuth motor and an altitude motor, wherein a pin No. 1 AZA of the second connector J2 is connected with a first solid-state relay switch K1 to control the azimuth motor to rotate forwards and backwards in the west direction, a pin No. 2 AZB is connected with a second solid-state relay switch K2 to control the azimuth motor to rotate backwards and upwards, a pin No. 3 is connected with a pin No. 2 of the first connector J1, a pin No. 4 is connected with a pin No. 2 of the first connector J1, a pin No. 5 ELA is connected with a third solid-state relay switch K3 to control the altitude of the altitude motor to deflect upwards, and a pin No. 6 ELB is connected with a fourth solid-state relay switch K4 to control the altitude motor to deflect downwards;

a third resistor R3 is connected to the first solid-state relay switch K1, one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first solid-state relay, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to pin No. 13 of the third ic U3, a fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second solid-state relay K2, one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second solid-state relay, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to pin No. 14 of the third ic U3, a fifth resistor R5 is connected to the third solid-state relay K3, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the third solid-state relay K3, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to pin No. 15 of the third ic U3, a sixth resistor R6 is connected to the fourth solid-state relay K4, one end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the fourth solid-state relay K4, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to pin No. 16 of the third ic U3.

According to the control method of the double-shaft solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system, the control method comprises an automatic mode and a manual mode, the automatic mode and the manual mode can be switched through the operation panel,

the manual mode is as follows: inputting specific numerical values of an elevation angle and an azimuth angle to a control unit through a key module, and controlling an azimuth angle motor and an elevation angle motor to rotate to the specific numerical values of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle by the control unit to realize that the butterfly condenser aims at the sun;

the automatic mode comprises an astronomical tracking mode and a photoelectric tracking mode,

the astronomical tracking mode adopts the tracking of a sight day motion track, when the local true sun is calculated according to Beijing time and local longitude and latitude, the reference angle values of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle are calculated through astronomy, and the control unit controls the azimuth angle motor and the altitude angle motor to rotate to the reference angle values of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle, so that the butterfly condenser is aligned to the sun;

the photoelectric tracking mode adopts the photoelectric sensor for alignment, when sunlight and the Z axis of the photoelectric sensor form an included angle, a certain area of a photovoltaic detector of the photoelectric sensor is directly irradiated by a part of sunlight, other areas can only receive scattered light due to shielding of the light barrier, and as a result, output signals of the two areas generate difference, and after the output signals are compared and amplified by the photoelectric sensor signal conditioning circuit, the azimuth motor and the altitude motor can be controlled to rotate through the control unit, so that the sunlight is parallel to the Z axis of the photoelectric sensor, and the optical signals received by the areas of the photovoltaic detector are equal in size, and the butterfly condenser is aligned to the sun.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) the invention carries out precise analysis on the displacement of the magnetic material through the Hall encoder, and converts the corresponding position signal into an electric signal, can realize the information transmission under the non-contact condition, and has the characteristics of high shock resistance and low cost;

(2) the invention can realize the automatic reset function, can automatically control the mechanical actuating mechanism to return to the reference position after sunset, stop rotating and automatically rotate to the tracking initial position at the sunrise time of the next day, thereby avoiding the problem of equipment winding;

(3) the invention comprises a man-machine interaction part which comprises a liquid crystal display module, a key and a user switch operation module, thereby improving the operability of the system and bringing convenience for initial installation and later maintenance and repair under the condition of ensuring the tracking precision.

(4) The control method of the double-shaft solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system comprises an automatic mode and a manual mode, the automatic mode and the manual mode can be switched through the operation panel and a specially designed circuit, and the butterfly condenser can be flexibly and accurately aligned to the sun.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a control block diagram of a tracking system of a dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photoelectric sensor of a dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single chip microcomputer control circuit of the double-shaft sun tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a man-machine interaction module liquid crystal display module of the biaxial sun-tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the azimuth angle and altitude angle motor driving circuit of the double-shaft sun tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system on-off control strategy of the dual-axis solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a main program of a man-machine interaction module of the dual-axis solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an east amplification circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of the invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a north position amplifying circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a western amplifying circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a southern amplification circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 is an east direction comparison circuit schematic diagram of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a north comparing circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a western comparison circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a southern comparing circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a circuit diagram of a man-machine interaction module key module of the dual-axis solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an altitude and azimuth position encoder circuit for a two-axis solar tracking system for a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a control block diagram of a tracking system of a dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention. The sun tracking system comprises a single chip microcomputer microprocessor MCU, a programmable logic device CPLD, keys, a liquid crystal display, a photoelectric sensor signal conditioner, an operation panel, a timer, a communication port RS485, an azimuth angle sensor, an altitude angle sensor, a motor drive control circuit, a reversible motor and a disc condenser. The MCU is connected with the CPLD to form a control unit, and the control unit is respectively connected with each peripheral module. The keys and the liquid crystal display module are connected with the MCU to form a human-computer interaction module part. The timer is connected with the MCU to collect accurate local time. The communication port RS485 is connected with the MCU of the singlechip microcomputer and can be used for transmitting data and logs for an upper computer. The photoelectric sensor is connected with the photoelectric sensor signal conditioner and the programmable logic device CPLD to acquire photoelectric signals required by photoelectric tracking. The operation panel is connected with the programmable logic device CPLD to form a man-machine interaction module part. The programmable logic device CPLD is connected with a motor driving circuit, the motor driving circuit is connected with a reversible motor, the reversible motor is connected with a butterfly condenser, the butterfly condenser is connected with an altitude position angle sensor and an azimuth position sensor, and the altitude position angle sensor and the azimuth position sensor are connected with a single-chip microcomputer MCU (micro control unit), so that the mechanical transmission process of sun tracking is completed.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photoelectric sensor of a dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention. The photoelectric sensor comprises an optical signal receiver and four groups of signal output ends, wherein the optical signal receiver comprises a four-quadrant photovoltaic detector and a light barrier, the crossed light barrier is vertically arranged on a four-quadrant photosensitive surface of the photovoltaic detector, an intersection line is superposed with a central axis of the photovoltaic detector, and the four-quadrant photosensitive surface of the photovoltaic detector is respectively led out of one group of signal output ends. When the sunlight and the Z axis of the sensor form an included angle, one quadrant of the photovoltaic detector is directly irradiated by a part of sunlight, the other quadrant of the opposite light can only receive scattered light due to the shielding of the light barrier, and as a result, output signals of the two quadrants are different, and the tracking device can be controlled after the output signals are compared and amplified by the feedback circuit, so that the sunlight is parallel to the vertical axis of the sensor, the optical signals received by the quadrants of the photovoltaic detector are equal, and the purpose of tracking the sun is achieved.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single chip microcomputer control circuit of the double-shaft sun tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system. As shown in fig. 3, the azimuth sensor is connected to the pins P0.0 and P0.1 of the single chip microcomputer, and P3.1 is connected to the chip selection signal terminal CS of the azimuth sensor. SPI0 is the next best priority, SCK, MISO, MOSI and NSS pins are allocated to P0.2, P0.3, P0.4 and P0.5, when reading data from the altitude sensor, CLK of the sensor is connected with P0.2, data port of the sensor is connected with P0.3, P3.1 is connected with the altitude sensor chip selection signal terminal CS. The next priority is SMBus, compatible with I2C, with the SDA and SCL pins of high precision clock chip SD2401 tied to P0.6 and P0.7, respectively. The liquid crystal display 1602 and the four operation keys are connected to a common input/output I/O port of the C8051F 020. The TPS7333 chip of the DC-CD converter of the external hardware circuit converts a 5V power supply into a 3.3V power supply and provides a 3.3V power supply voltage for the singlechip (C8051F 020). The whole system requires 5V and 12V supply voltages.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a man-machine interaction module liquid crystal display module of the biaxial sun-tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention. 1602 employs a standard 16-pin interface, where pin 1: VSS is ground power. And a 2 nd pin: VDD is connected with a 5V positive power supply. And a 3 rd leg: v0 is the contrast adjusting end of the LCD, the contrast is weakest when it is connected to the positive power supply, the contrast is highest when it is connected to the ground power supply, and the contrast can be adjusted by a 10K potentiometer when it is used. And 4, a 4 th pin: RS is register selection, selects a data register at high level and selects an instruction register at low level. And a 5 th pin: RW is a read/write signal line, and performs a read operation at a high level and a write operation at a low level. The command or the display address can be written when the RS and RW are low level in common, the busy signal can be read when the RS is low level RW and the data can be written when the RS is high level RW. And a 6 th pin: the E terminal is an enabling terminal, and when the E terminal jumps from a high level to a low level, the liquid crystal module executes a command. 7 th to 14 th pins: D0-D7 are 8-bit bidirectional data lines. 15 th to 16 th pins: and (4) empty feet.

Further, the U2 integrated chip LCM1602 liquid crystal display module is connected with the U1 singlechip MCU interface. Pin 1 VSS of the U2 LCM1602 is grounded. Pin 2 VDD is connected to an adjustable resistor VR2 with a maximum resistance of ten kilo-ohms, and the other end of the adjustable resistor VR2 is grounded. Pin V0 of the U2 LCM1602 integrated chip is connected to the adjusting terminal of the adjustable resistor VR 2. Pin RS No. 4 of the U2 LCM1602 is connected with pin P4.5 of the U1 single chip. Pin R/W No. 5 of the U2 LCM1602 is connected to pin P4.6 of the U1 SCM, pin E No. 6 of the U2 LCM1602 is connected to pin P4.7 of the U1 SCM, pin D0 No. 7 of the U2 LCM1602 is connected to pin P5.0 of the U1 SCM, pin D1 No. 8 of the U2 LCM1602 is connected to pin P5.1 of the U1 SCM, pin D1 of the U1 LCM1602 is connected to pin P5.2 of the U1 SCM, pin D1 No. 10 of the U1 LCM1602 is connected to pin P5.3 of the U1 SCM, pin D1 of the U1 LCM1602 is connected to pin P5.4 of the U1 SCM, pin D1 of the U1 is connected to pin P5.72 of the U1 SCM 1602, pin D1 No. 11 of the U1 is connected to pin U1 of the U1 SCM 1602, pin R72 is connected to pin U1 of the U1, pin K1 of the U1 is connected to pin 5U 1 of the U1, pin 14 of the U1 SCM 72 is connected to pin 14, the other end of the resistor is connected with 5V voltage, a No. 16 pin BK of the U2 integrated chip LCM1602 is connected with a one-kiloohm resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor is grounded. The anode of the monolithic capacitor C1 is connected with 5V voltage and is connected with a pin 2 of the U2 integrated chip LCM1602 to be VDD, and the cathode is grounded. The RP1 is a group of pull-up resistors with the size of one kilo-ohm, and is used for increasing the voltage of the U1 singlechip to 5V, pins from No. 1 to No. 8 of the RP1 are sequentially connected with pins from No. P5.0 to No. P5.7 of the U1 singlechip, and pins from No. 9 to No. 16 of the RP1 are all connected with the voltage of 5V.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the azimuth angle and altitude angle motor driving circuit of the double-shaft sun tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system. The driving circuit of the motor is controlled by the suction of the solid-state relay, and the forward terminal and the reverse terminal of each motor are connected with a relay, so that the relays are controlled to control the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motors. The ULN2003 is also provided with an internal structure of a Darlington tube, is specially used for driving a chip of a relay, and is internally provided with a diode for eliminating coil back electromotive force. The output end of the ULN2003 allows the IC current to flow 200mA, the saturation voltage drop VCE is about 1V, and the withstand voltage BVCEO is about 36V. The open-circuit output of the collector is adopted, and the output current is large, so that external control devices such as a relay or a solid-state relay can be directly driven. Azimuth angle and elevation angle motor driving circuits.

Preferably, the motor driving control circuit of the dual-axis sun tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a third integrated chip module, a first connector J1, a second connector J2, a first solid-state relay switch K1, a second solid-state relay switch K2, a third solid-state relay switch K3 and a fourth solid-state relay switch K4;

a third resistor R3 (one kiloohm) is connected into the first solid-state relay switch K1, one end of the third resistor R3 is connected with the first solid-state relay, the other end is connected with the No. 13 pin of the third integrated chip U3, a fourth resistor R4 (one kiloohm) is connected into the second solid-state relay switch K2, one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the second solid-state relay, the other end is connected with the No. 14 pin of the third integrated chip U3, a fifth resistor R5 (one kiloohm) is connected into the third solid-state relay switch K3, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the third solid-state relay K3, the other end is connected with a No. 15 pin of the third integrated chip U3, a sixth resistor R6 (with the size of one kiloohm) is connected into the fourth solid-state relay switch K4, one end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected with the fourth solid-state relay K4, and the other end is connected with a pin No. 16 of the third integrated chip U3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a switch control strategy of a human-computer interaction system of the double-shaft solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system. In combination with key inputs and LCD display outputs, the following control strategies can be implemented:

(1) operation in the automatic mode is not effective as soon as the switch is switched to the manual mode. At this time, the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun can be manually adjusted, and the switch can not be used.

(2) When the switch is switched to automatic mode, the manual mode switch is inactive, as are the altitude and azimuth forward/reverse adjustment switches. At this time, a control mode can be selected for tracking. Three tracking modes under the automatic mode, namely an astronomical tracking mode and a photoelectric tracking mode.

When the switch IV is switched to a left-end astronomical tracking mode, the singlechip is controlled by a program to realize automatic tracking of the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle.

And secondly, when the switch IV is switched to the intermediate compound tracking mode, adopting astronomical tracking in a large range and adopting photoelectric tracking in a small range. The single chip machine has a control signal, when the signal is "1", the astronomical tracking is carried out, when the control precision of the astronomical tracking is reached, the control signal is output to be "0", and then the small-range photoelectric tracking is carried out.

And thirdly, when the switch IV is switched to a right-end photoelectric tracking mode, the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle are automatically tracked and controlled through the photoelectric sensor.

Specifically, according to the photovoltaic power generation system dual-axis sun tracking system of the embodiment, in the astronomical tracking mode, the view-sun motion trajectory tracking is adopted, when the local true sun is calculated according to the beijing time and the local longitude and latitude, the reference angles of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle are calculated through astronomy, the reference angles are compared with the measured values of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle sensor, the error exceeds a certain range, and the purpose of eliminating the deviation is achieved by controlling the motor to operate.

Specifically, according to the photovoltaic power generation system double-shaft sun tracking system of the embodiment, in the photoelectric tracking mode, the practical sunlight tracking sensor is adopted, when the sunlight and the Z axis of the sensor form an included angle, a certain quadrant of the photovoltaic detector is directly irradiated by a part of sunlight, the other quadrant of the relative defense line can only receive scattered light due to shielding of the light barrier, and as a result, output signals of the two quadrants generate difference, and the tracking device can be controlled after the output signals are compared and amplified by the feedback circuit, so that the sunlight is parallel to the Z axis of the sensor, and optical signals received by the quadrants of the photovoltaic detector are equal, thereby achieving the purpose of tracking the sun.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a main program of a man-machine interaction module of the dual-axis solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the invention. The whole program design comprises astronomical calculation, liquid crystal display program design, real-time clock data reading and writing setting operation, angular position encoder data reading, key processing and motor control. Initializing the single chip microcomputer in a main program; initializing an input/output interface, wherein the C8051F020 singlechip is provided with a unique priority crossbar decoder which distributes a pin P0 of a port to a digital peripheral on a device according to the priority sequence, and the C is set as a watchdog, and the timer 2 is set as an interrupt initialization; waiting for initialization setting of the LCD and the clock chip SD 2401; an external oscillator 22.1184MHz was used in the design. Calling a subprogram for reading the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sensor, calling a subprogram for reading time, calling a subprogram for reading the longitude and latitude of the local position, and calling a subprogram for reading and calculating the altitude angle and the azimuth reference angle to obtain the initial altitude angle and azimuth reference angle values of the region. And judging whether the time is between eighty-third-tenth of the morning and thirty-third of the afternoon according to the called and read local time, calling a real-time LCD display subprogram if the time is consistent, calling a subprogram for calculating the reference values of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle again, calling a subprogram for key operation, reading an input operation instruction, calling the display subprogram, calling a motor control subprogram, entering the judging process of the current time again, and continuously circulating. And if the current time is out of the period, circularly waiting for the current time to accord with and then calling the subprogram.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an east amplification circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of the invention. The voltage signal amplifying circuits of the photoelectric detection circuit in all directions are mutually independent, are not connected with a single chip microcomputer, and are directly connected with a logic controller CPLD. Wherein EAST0 represents the voltage signal outputted by the EAST photosensor, EAST01 represents the EAST voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit.

Furthermore, the No. 1 pin of the U4: A four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the No. 9 resistor, and the other end of the No. 9 resistor is connected with the No. 2 pin of the U4: A four operational amplifier integrated chip. U4 pin No. 2 of A four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 8 th resistor, and the other end of 8 th resistor is grounded. U4A four operational amplifier integrated chip No. 3 pin is connected with the 7 th resistor, the other end of the 7 th resistor is connected with the east circuit of the photoelectric sensor. U4 pin No. 4 of A four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage. U4 pin number 11 of the A quad operational amplifier integrated chip is grounded.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a north position amplifying circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a double-shaft sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system. The principle is the same as that of FIG. 8. Wherein NORTH0 represents the voltage signal output by the NORTH photoelectric sensor, and NORTH01 represents the NORTH voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit.

Furthermore, the No. 7 pin of the U4: B four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the No. 18 resistor, and the other end of the No. 18 resistor is connected with the No. 6 pin of the U4: B four operational amplifier integrated chip. Pin No. 6 of the U4-B four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 17 th resistor, and the other end of the 17 th resistor is grounded. U4 pin No. 5 of B four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 16 th resistor, and the other end of 16 th resistor is connected with the north circuit of the photoelectric sensor. Pin 4 of the U4-B quad operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage. U4 pin number 11 of the B quad operational amplifier integrated chip is grounded.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a western amplifying circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system. The principle is the same as that of FIG. 8. The WEST0 represents a voltage signal output by the WEST photosensor, and the WEST01 represents a WEST voltage signal amplified by the amplifier circuit.

Furthermore, the No. 8 pin of the U4: C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the 12 th resistor, and the other end of the 12 th resistor is connected with the No. 9 pin of the U4: C four operational amplifier integrated chip. U4 pin No. 9 of the C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the 11 th resistor, and the other end of the 11 th resistor is grounded. And a No. 10 pin of the U4-C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a No. 10 resistor, and the other end of the No. 10 resistor is connected with a western circuit of the photoelectric sensor. Pin 4 of the U4-C four-operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage. U4 pin number 11 of the C four operational amplifier integrated chip is grounded.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a southern amplification circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. The principle is the same as that of FIG. 8. Wherein, SOUTH0 represents the voltage signal output by the western photoelectric sensor, and SOUTH01 represents the southern voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit.

Furthermore, the No. 14 pin of the U4: D four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the No. 15 resistor, and the other end of the No. 15 resistor is connected with the No. 13 pin of the U4: D four operational amplifier integrated chip. Pin 13 of the U4-D quad operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 14 th resistor, and the other end of the 14 th resistor is grounded. And a No. 12 pin of the U4-D four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 13 th resistor, and the other end of the 13 th resistor is connected with the southern circuit of the photoelectric sensor. Pin 4 of the U4-D four-operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage. Pin 11 of the U4-D quad operational amplifier integrated chip is grounded.

Fig. 12 is an east direction comparison circuit schematic diagram of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. In the photoelectric detection circuit, four groups of operational amplifiers of the LM324 are used for comparing the strength of the electric signals of the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of each group of operational amplifiers. When the potentials of the inverting input end and the non-inverting input end of the U5 integrated operational amplifier are equal, the state of the output end jumps. The voltage of the non-inverting input terminal is determined by the reference voltage and the output voltage, and the output voltage has two possible states. The comparison circuit has two different threshold levels and the transmission characteristic is in a hysteresis shape. Here, EAST01 represents the EAST voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, WEST01 represents the WEST voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, EAST1 represents the EAST voltage signal after comparing the two input voltages by the comparing circuit, high level represents that the light spot is in the EAST direction, and low level represents that the light spot is not in the EAST direction.

Furthermore, the No. 1 pin of the U5: A four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a No. 22 resistor, the No. 22 resistor is simultaneously connected with a No. 21 resistor and a No. 23 resistor, the other end of the No. 23 resistor is grounded, and the other end of the No. 21 resistor is connected with the No. 3 pin of the U5: A four operational amplifier integrated chip. U5, pin 2 of A four operational amplifier IC is connected to 20 th resistor, and the other end of 20 th resistor is connected to the amplified voltage signal of west direction amplifier circuit. U5, the No. 3 pin of the A four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the 19 th resistor, and the other end of the 19 th resistor is connected with the amplified voltage signal of the east amplifying circuit. U5 pin No. 4 of A four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a north comparing circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. The principle is the same as that of FIG. 12. The NORTH01 represents a NORTH voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, the SOUTH01 represents a SOUTH voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, the NORTH1 represents a NORTH voltage signal obtained by comparing two input voltages by the comparing circuit, the light spot is in the NORTH position when the light spot is at high level, and the light spot is not in the NORTH position when the light spot is at low level.

Furthermore, the No. 7 pin of the U5: B four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a No. 38 resistor, the No. 38 resistor is simultaneously connected with a No. 39 resistor and a No. 37 resistor, the other end of the No. 39 resistor is grounded, and the other end of the No. 37 resistor is connected with the No. 5 pin of the U5: B four operational amplifier integrated chip. And a No. 6 pin of the U5-B four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 36 th resistor, and the other end of the 36 th resistor is connected with an amplified voltage signal of the south orientation amplifying circuit. U5 pin No. 5 of B four operational amplifier IC is connected with 35 th resistor, and the other end of 35 th resistor is connected with the amplified voltage signal of north orientation amplifying circuit. Pin 4 of the U5-B quad operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a western comparison circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. The principle is the same as that of FIG. 12. Here, EAST01 represents the EAST voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, WEST01 represents the WEST voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, WEST1 represents the WEST voltage signal compared by the comparing circuit, the high level represents that the light spot is in the WEST, and the low level represents that the light spot is not in the WEST.

Furthermore, the No. 8 pin of the U5: C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a No. 27 resistor, the No. 27 resistor is simultaneously connected with a No. 26 resistor and a No. 28 resistor, the other end of the No. 28 resistor is grounded, and the other end of the No. 26 resistor is connected with the No. 10 pin of the U5: C four operational amplifier integrated chip. U5 pin No. 9 of the C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with the 25 th resistor, and the other end of the 20 th resistor is connected with the amplified voltage signal of the east amplifying circuit. The No. 10 pin of the U5-C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 24 th resistor, and the other end of the 24 th resistor is connected with an amplified voltage signal of the west direction amplifying circuit. Pin 4 of the U5-C four-operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a southern comparing circuit of a photoelectric detection circuit of a dual-axis sun-tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. The principle is the same as that of FIG. 12. Wherein, SOUTH01 represents the southern voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, NORTH01 represents the northern voltage signal amplified by the amplifying circuit, SOUTH1 represents the southern voltage signal compared by the comparing circuit, high level represents that the light spot is in the southern position, and low level represents that the light spot is not in the southern position.

Furthermore, the No. 14 pin of the U5: D four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a No. 33 resistor, the No. 33 resistor is simultaneously connected with a No. 32 resistor and a No. 34 resistor, the other end of the No. 34 resistor is grounded, and the other end of the No. 32 resistor is connected with the No. 12 pin of the U5: C four operational amplifier integrated chip. Pin 13 of the U5-C four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 31 st resistor, and the other end of the 31 st resistor is connected with an amplified voltage signal of the north orientation amplifying circuit. And a No. 12 pin of the U5-D four operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with a 29 th resistor, and the other end of the 29 th resistor is connected with an amplified voltage signal of the south direction amplifying circuit. Pin 4 of the U5-D four-operational amplifier integrated chip is connected with 5V voltage.

Fig. 16 is a circuit diagram of a man-machine interaction module key module of the dual-axis solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention. The key interface is connected with four I/O ports of the single chip microcomputer, a pin P7.3 of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a first key, a pin 40 of a resistor of ten kilohms is connected with the first key, a pin P7.2 of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a second key, a pin 41 of the resistor of ten kilohms is connected with the second key, a pin P7.1 of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a third key, a pin 42 of the resistor of ten kilohms is connected with the third key, a pin P7.0 of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a fourth key, and a pin 43 of the resistor of ten kilohms is connected with the fourth key. Pressing a key I: MODE key, press key two: INC plus key, key three: DEC minus key, press four keys: SAVE key. Wherein, the first key is: and a MODE MODE key for switching various MODE displays.

The mode of the liquid crystal display is switched on is the actual angular value AZ (azimuth angle), EL (elevation angle) read by the encoder.

The first press of the mode key switches to the azimuth display value, the first row displays the azimuth angle AZ, and the azimuth reference angle value REF (the real-time angle value calculated from astronomy).

The second press mode display switches to the elevation angle value and the first row displays the elevation angle EL and the elevation angle reference angle value REF (real time angle value calculated from astronomy).

Pressing the mode key for the third time displays the real time on the liquid crystal. The first row shows the year, month and day and the second row shows the hour, minute and second.

The fourth time the mode key is pressed, the liquid crystal displays the local longitude and latitude. Next, the mode key is pressed each time the complaint content is displayed cyclically for viewing the data.

And pressing a second key: and the INC plus key is used for correcting each parameter and increasing one by one according to the modified numerical quantity. And pressing a key three: and a DEC minus key for modifying the numerical quantity by one when correcting each parameter. And C, pressing a key: and a SAVE SAVE key for modifying and saving the input quantity when correcting each parameter.

Correcting the position deviation of the mechanical device: the actual reading angle values of the azimuth angle and the altitude angle and the astronomical calculation reference angle values have deviations. The correction process is as follows: and pressing a key-one mode key to switch to a correction interface, then pressing a key-four storage key, completing correction, and performing liquid crystal display after correcting the azimuth angle and the altitude angle.

Correcting time and date: the time and date correction process is as follows: pressing a mode key of a key I to switch to the interface, pressing a key four storage key, flashing the date year, adjusting the date year to the correct year through a key two and a key three key, pressing a key four storage key, flashing the date month, adjusting the date month through a key two and a key three key, repeating the steps, correcting the date, the hour, the minute and the second, and finally pressing a key four storage key. In general, the time and date do not need to be corrected, and the SD2401 clock chip is corrected before the factory shipment. Longitude and latitude modification: the longitude and latitude modification process is the same as the time and date correction operation process.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an altitude and azimuth position encoder circuit for a two-axis solar tracking system for a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention. Hall encoder MAB25 pin specification: VSUP: a positive power supply terminal; CS: receiving a chip selection signal; CLK: inputting a clock signal; DO: outputting data; GND: a negative terminal of the power supply; PROG: the program writes to the entry. The MAB25 encoder is installed on the rotation shaft of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle, the power voltage is 5V, the system tracking control circuit board and the encoder wiring are connected by a 5-core shielding wire of about 3-5 meters, the power voltage is attenuated when the wiring is long, and therefore level conversion is needed, the level conversion chip is ULN2003, the 5V power voltage is converted into 12V on the control circuit board, and then the 12V power voltage is converted into the 5V power voltage at one end of the encoder to be used for power supply of the encoder. In the altitude and azimuth position encoder circuit, AZCLK represents a clock signal of a direction angle, AZDO represents data input of an azimuth angle, AZCS represents a chip selection signal of an azimuth angle sensor, ELCLK represents a clock signal of an altitude angle, ELDO represents data input of the altitude angle, and ELCS represents a chip selection signal of the altitude angle sensor.

Furthermore, pin 1 of the 3 rd connector J3 is connected to 12V, and one end of the 3 rd capacitor is connected to pin 1, while the other end is grounded. Pin No. 2 of the connector J3 is connected to pin No. 15 of the 4 th integrated circuit and to pin CS of the azimuth Hall encoder. Pin 3 of connector J3 connects to pin 16 of the 4 th integrated circuit and to the CLK pin of the azimuth hall encoder. Pin 4 of connector J3 connects to pin 3 of the 4 th integrated circuit and to the DO pin of the azimuth hall encoder. Pin No. 5 of the connector J3 is grounded.

Furthermore, pin 1 of the 4 th connector J4 is connected to 12V, and one end of the 4 th capacitor is connected to pin 1, while the other end is grounded. Pin No. 2 of the connector J4 is connected to pin No. 13 of the No. 4 integrated circuit and is connected to the CS pin of the altitude Hall encoder. Pin No. 3 of the connector J4 is connected to pin No. 12 of the 4 th integrated circuit and is connected to the CLK pin of the altitude hall encoder. Pin 4 of the connector J3 connects to pin 6 of the 4 th integrated circuit and to the DO pin of the altitude Hall encoder. Pin No. 5 of the connector J4 is grounded.

Furthermore, pin 1 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with pin P0.0 of the singlechip U1. And the No. 2 pin of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with the P3.1 pin of the single chip microcomputer U1. Pin No. 3 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected to pin No. 4 of the 3 rd connector J3. And a No. 4 pin of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with a P3.0 pin of the single chip microcomputer U1. And a No. 5 pin of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with a P0.2 pin of the single chip microcomputer U1. Pin 6 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected to pin 4 of the 4 th connector J4. Pin 8 of the 4 th integrated chip is grounded. No. 11 pin of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with the P0.3 pin of the singlechip U1 and is connected with the 49 th resistor, and the other end of the 49 th resistor is connected with 5V voltage. Pin 12 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with pin 3 of the 4 th connector J4, and is connected with a 48 th resistor, and the 48 th resistor is connected with 12V voltage in the other end. Pin 13 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with pin 2 of the 4 th connector J4, and is connected with a 47 th resistor, and the 47 th resistor is connected with 12V voltage in the other end. No. 14 pin of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with the P0.1 pin of the singlechip U1 and is connected with the 46 th resistor, and the other end of the 46 th resistor is connected with 5V voltage. Pin No. 15 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with pin No. 2 of the 3 rd connector J3, and is connected with a 45 th resistor, and the other end of the 45 th resistor is connected with 12V voltage. Pin 16 of the 4 th integrated chip is connected with pin 3 of the 3 rd connector J3 and is connected with a 44 th resistor, and the 44 th resistor is connected with 12V voltage in the other end.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation system dual-axis solar tracking system, comprising: the device comprises a control unit, a butterfly condenser, a motor unit, a man-machine interaction unit, a sensor measuring unit and a timer;

2. The dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a single-chip Microprocessor (MCU) and a logic control device (CPLD).

3. The photovoltaic power generation system dual-axis sun-tracking system according to claim 2, wherein the motor unit includes a motor drive control circuit and a reversible motor, the logic control device CPLD is connected with the reversible motor through the motor drive control circuit, the reversible motor is connected with the butterfly condenser, and the reversible motor includes an azimuth angle motor and an elevation angle motor.

4. The double-shaft solar tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, wherein the human-computer interaction unit comprises an operation panel, a liquid crystal display module and a key module, the operation panel is connected with the logic control device CPLD, and the liquid crystal display module and the key module are connected with the MCU.

5. The dual-axis sun tracking system of the photovoltaic power generation system of claim 4, wherein the single-chip microprocessor MCU is of a type C8051F020, the altitude and azimuth position sensors are Hall encoders of a type MAB25, the liquid crystal display module is of a type LCM1602, and the timer is a clock chip of a type SD 2401.

6. The dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the azimuth sensor is connected to pins P0.0 and P0.1 of the single-chip microprocessor, pin P3.1 of the single-chip microprocessor is connected to a chip selection signal terminal CS of the azimuth sensor, the altitude sensor is connected to pins P0.2 and P0.3 of the single-chip microprocessor, pin P3.0 of the single-chip microprocessor is connected to the chip selection signal terminal CS of the altitude sensor, pins SDA and SCL of the clock chip SD2401 are connected to the single-chip microprocessor P0.6 and P0.7 respectively, and four operation keys of the LCD module and the key module are connected to input/output I/O ports of the single-chip microprocessor.

7. The dual-axis solar tracking system of a photovoltaic power generation system of claim 6, wherein the motor drive control circuit comprises a third integrated chip module, a first connector J1, a second connector J2, a first solid state relay switch K1, a second solid state relay switch K2, a third solid state relay switch K3, a fourth solid state relay switch K4;

8. The control method of a two-axis solar tracking system for a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 7, characterized in that the control method includes an automatic mode and a manual mode, switching between the automatic mode and the manual mode is enabled by the operation panel,