CN101943917B - Light ray automatic-tracking device - Google Patents

Light ray automatic-tracking device Download PDF

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CN101943917B
CN101943917B CN2010102762181A CN201010276218A CN101943917B CN 101943917 B CN101943917 B CN 101943917B CN 2010102762181 A CN2010102762181 A CN 2010102762181A CN 201010276218 A CN201010276218 A CN 201010276218A CN 101943917 B CN101943917 B CN 101943917B
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photosensitive sensor
light
adjustment mechanism
height adjustment
wind
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CN101943917A (en
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熊友
王双园
周全
曹鹏坤
白国振
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光线自动跟踪装置，包括高度调节机构、若干个光敏传感器、运算放大器、模数转换器和单片机，其中所述的高度调节机构包括固定底座和壳体，所述固定底座是一块开有光敏传感器安装孔的底板；所述的壳体上有一个透光孔，该透光孔上安装有凸透镜，保证所述固定底座正中的光敏传感器与壳体上的凸透镜正对，所述的光敏传感器产生的光电流，转换成电压信号后通过运算放大电路放大，然后经模数转换器，转换成数字信号后传给单片机。本发明具有造价低廉，性能优，精度高，适用性强等特点，同时本装置不但适用于太阳轨迹跟踪定位，也适用于其他发光物体轨迹跟踪定位。

Figure 201010276218

The invention discloses an automatic light tracking device, which includes a height adjustment mechanism, several photosensitive sensors, operational amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and a single-chip microcomputer, wherein the height adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base and a housing, and the fixed base is A base plate with a photosensitive sensor installation hole; the housing has a light-transmitting hole, and a convex lens is installed on the light-transmitting hole, so as to ensure that the photosensitive sensor in the middle of the fixed base is directly opposite to the convex lens on the housing. The photocurrent generated by the above-mentioned photosensitive sensor is converted into a voltage signal and amplified by an operational amplifier circuit, and then converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter and then transmitted to a single-chip microcomputer. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, excellent performance, high precision, strong applicability and the like, and at the same time, the device is not only suitable for tracking and locating the track of the sun, but also suitable for tracking and locating the track of other luminous objects.

Figure 201010276218

Description

The light autotracker
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solar photovoltaic generation system field, particularly relate to a kind of light autotracker, tracing and positioning is carried out in the visible light source position, obtain relevant position information according to geographical location information, local time value and visible light projection.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development and the progress of human industrial society, energy resource consumption is in continuous aggravation, and human also increasing to the dependence of the energy, energy problem has become a worldwide problem that needs to be resolved hurrily at present.In today that energy supply and demand contradiction becomes increasingly conspicuous, sun power is widely used in the photovoltaic generation industry as a kind of regenerative resource of cleanliness without any pollution.Yet existing photovoltaic generating system generally is to install solar module is directed, and promptly solar panel can not keep all the time over against the sun, so solar panel can not absorb sunshine fully and bring into play the generating capacity of solar cell.Experiment shows: the tracking of the sun and non-tracking, the acceptance rate of energy differs 35%, so the design of intelligent-tracking sun device is to solve a low important channel of solar energy utilization ratio.This device can improve the per day generated energy of photovoltaic module greatly, and when improving the solar power plant utilization ratio, reduces cost of electricity-generating.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind of light autotracker.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of light autotracker comprises height adjustment mechanism, several light sensors, operational amplifier, analog to digital converter and single-chip microcomputer,
Wherein said height adjustment mechanism comprises firm banking and housing, and said firm banking is a base plate that has the light sensor mounting hole; A light hole is arranged on the described housing, on this light hole convex lens is installed, light sensor and the convex lens on the housing that guarantee said firm banking center over against,
The photocurrent that described light sensor produces amplifies through operational amplification circuit after converting voltage signal to, then through analog to digital converter, passes to single-chip microcomputer after converting digital signal to.
Described light autotracker comprises wind sensor, is used for the wind-force intensity of perception external environment.
Described light autotracker also comprises with reference to light sensor and clock chip, is used to judge daytime and weather situation rain or shine.
Be carved with rule on the described firm banking.
Described light autotracker also comprises charactron, is used to show the magnitude of voltage of each passage and the light angle that calculates.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention can be:
Characteristics such as the present invention has cheap, and performance is excellent, and precision is high, and applicability is strong, this device not only is applicable to the track of sun track and localization simultaneously, also is applicable to other luminous object track following location.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the skeleton view of light autotracker of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a is the synoptic diagram of light autotracker of the present invention.
Fig. 2 b is the bottom schematic view of light autotracker of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of light autotracker of the present invention.
Embodiment
Do further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment specific embodiments of the invention, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
See also Fig. 3.Light autotracker of the present invention is a kind of track of sun tracing positioning apparatus; This device mainly is transformed into electric signal through the light intensity signal that the light sensor arrays of handling particular surroundings obtains; By comparing the gained voltage signal, confirm light and solar cell frame plate angle again, will calculate the gained angle information again and be delivered to single-chip microcomputer; Can send declination signal by single-chip microcomputer and drive corresponding motor and adjust, until the sunlight vertical irradiation on the sensor base plate plane.
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b.Apparatus of the present invention mainly partly are made up of height adjustment mechanism, light sensor, operational amplifier, analog to digital converter, single-chip microcomputer, wind sensor, clock chip, charactron etc.
Height adjustment mechanism is made up of the firm banking 2 of light sensor and 1 liang of big major part of housing of height adjustment mechanism; Wherein firm banking is a base plate that has the light sensor mounting hole; Light sensor 6 is installed according to the hole arrangement mode on the light sensor fixed base plate, and then is connected to the signal of light sensor on the single chip circuit plate through winding displacement.A light hole close with the light sensor diameter is arranged on the housing of height adjustment mechanism, convex lens 3 are installed on the hole, sunshine enters in the height adjustment mechanism through the convex lens on this hole, shines on the base plate light sensor.On the inwall of height adjustment mechanism housing, screw thread is arranged; Screw thread is also arranged on the outer wall of light sensor firm banking; Can regulate the distance of light sensor on light hole and the fixed head and the size of hot spot through the rotation height adjustment mechanism; Thereby reach the effect of regulating the maximum visual angle of sensor,, be carved with rule 4 on the light sensor firm banking for the ease of measuring.
Light sensor puts in order according to the light sensor mounting hole on the light sensor firm banking and installs; Light sensor and the convex lens mounting hole on the height adjustment mechanism housing that wherein must guarantee the center over against; After treating that light sensor is fixing; Rotate the height adjustment mechanism housing, be connected to height adjustment mechanism on the base plate through the threaded hole on the light sensor firm banking then and welded light sensor.Again on base plate with the height adjustment mechanism central horizontal not distant location the light sensor with reference to usefulness is installed.Other electronic components are welded on the circuit board according to circuit diagram successively.In the process of installing, must guarantee base plate plane and solar cell plate level.
The effect of each several part of the present invention is: light sensor mainly is to be converted into electric signal to light intensity signal; Because the photocurrent of its generation and light intensity have the better linearity relation; So be well suited for requirement of the present invention, and we can also declare the situation rain or shine of knowing weather through light sensor; Height adjustment mechanism is main light signal collection parts; Judge that through light sensor in the height adjustment mechanism with reference to the voltage difference of light sensor light drift angle in the height adjustment mechanism judges moving of the sun, we can well regulate hot spot and reach required precision through its threaded adjusting;
The horizontal direction place also has one with reference to light sensor outside height adjustment mechanism, and it is mainly used in the reference of outside light intensity, simultaneously can be used for differentiating weather condition, is arranged on the same plane with the light sensor of centre in the height adjustment mechanism.When sunray is vertical with base plate plane; The light that sees through unthreaded hole only shines the centre light sensor; When having deviation angle; According to the size of deviation angle, the light sensor of corresponding diverse location will obtain the illumination of varying strength on the base plate, and the current delivery that produces different sizes is to single-chip microcomputer.
Because the photocurrent that produces on the light sensor is almost irrelevant with its two ends institute making alive, only depends on intensity of illumination, and photocurrent and intensity of illumination be linear dependence, so the size of photocurrent has just directly been reacted the power of light intensity.Because the photocurrent that light sensor produces is very little, generally have only several microamperes to the hundreds of microampere, in order to guarantee the precision of photoelectric conversion signal; So before comparing, at first the mode through resistance in series converts current signal into voltage signal, because electric current is very little; So the voltage after the conversion is also smaller; So the voltage signal after the current conversion through operational amplification circuit, is enlarged faint voltage signal, and then carries out the comparison of voltage swing.
Because the present invention mainly is the processing of carrying out the voltage swing comparison through single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer can only read digital quantity, so before passing to data the single-chip microcomputer processing, need carry out analog to digital conversion.Locating accuracy is directly proportional with the scale of light sensor battle array; Precision improves, and the necessary corresponding expansion of the scale of light sensor battle array needs the signal of treatment conversion also many; In order to satisfy slewing rate, precision and multichannel requirement, adopted the design of parallel duplex analog to digital conversion.
Compare behind the voltage signal input single-chip microcomputer after the amplification, through comparing the size of each road voltage, single-chip microcomputer can calculate the incident angle on plane, sunray relative positioning device place this moment.For the ease of observing, can the magnitude of voltage of each passage and the light angle that calculates be shown through 8 sections charactrons, can carry out the adjustment at maximum visual angle and the location of initial point easily like this.
Wind-force intensity sensor and clock chip also are equipped with in the present invention, and it is the wind-force intensity of perception external environment that wind sensor mainly acts on, in case excessive blowing to the destruction of total system.We can know wind-force size and wind direction through the wind-force intensity sensor; When large wind; Single-chip microcomputer can send signal sets level solar panel; Reduce the destruction of wind to cell panel, we can know daytime and each corresponding constantly sun angle through clock chip, thereby can well regulate by cell panel.
The course of work of the present invention is: at first through judging daytime and weather situation rain or shine with reference to light sensor and clock chip; If be judged to be daytime and day fine, then have the convex lens that light sees through on the height adjustment mechanism and get in the control, in-house light sensor produces faint photocurrent under the irradiation of sunlight; Photoelectricity becomes voltage signal after the conversion of oversampling circuit; The reference photosensitive sensor is exposed in the sunlight, and the photocurrent of its generation is after being converted into voltage signal, and the voltage signal that produces with each light sensor in the height adjustment mechanism amplifies and comparison; Flowing to single-chip microcomputer through the pressure difference behind the differential operational amplifying circuit through analog-to-digital pressure reduction digital signal; Single-chip microcomputer calculates the sunshine angle information according to differential pressure conditions, and controller carries out the adjustment of the angle of solar panel according to angle information.If be judged to be daytime, but day the moon, single-chip microcomputer will take out the sun angle in the storage according to the time that clock chip provides, and drive motor is through the adjusting of row solar cell plate height then.If be judged to be night, then sun power can will be accepted by cell panel, and the part power supply also will cut off automatically.If run into strong wind, solar panel will be set level according to wind direction, to avoid the destruction of high wind to solar panel.
Can learn the situation rain or shine of weather through reference photosensitive sensor in this device; According to weather situation rain or shine; We can judge the numerical value that corresponding sun angle of employing time is still judged by light sensor, so just can guarantee the accurate location under various weather conditions.Therefore the present invention compares with other devices that to have function complete, and cost is low, and is effective, and precision is high, advantage of wide range of application.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be used for limiting practical range of the present invention.Have common knowledge the knowledgeable in the technical field under any, do not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can doing various changes and retouching, so protection scope of the present invention should be looked claims institute confining spectrum and is as the criterion.

Claims (1)

1.一种光线自动跟踪装置，其特征在于包括高度调节机构、若干个光敏传感器、运算放大器、模数转换器、单片机、风力传感器、时钟芯片、数码管；1. A light automatic tracking device is characterized in that it comprises a height adjustment mechanism, several photosensitive sensors, operational amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, single-chip microcomputers, wind sensors, clock chips, digital tubes; 其中所述的高度调节机构包括固定底座和壳体，所述固定底座是一块开有光敏传感器安装孔的底板；光敏传感器按照光敏传感器固定底板上的孔排列方式进行安装，然后再把光敏传感器的信号通过排线连接到单片机电路板上；所述的壳体上有一个和光敏传感器直径相近的透光孔，该透光孔上安装有凸透镜，保证所述固定底座正中的光敏传感器与壳体上的凸透镜正对；太阳光通过这个孔上的凸透镜进入到高度调节机构内，照射到底板光敏传感器上；在高度调节机构壳体的内壁上有螺纹，光敏传感器固定底座的外壁上也有螺纹，通过旋转高度调节机构可以调节透光孔与固定板上光敏传感器的距离及光斑的大小，从而达到光敏调节传感器最大视角的效果，为便于测量，光敏传感器固定底座上刻有刻度尺；Wherein the height adjustment mechanism includes a fixed base and a housing, the fixed base is a base plate with a photosensitive sensor installation hole; the photosensitive sensor is installed according to the arrangement of holes on the photosensitive sensor fixed base plate, and then the photosensitive sensor is installed The signal is connected to the circuit board of the single-chip microcomputer through a cable; there is a light-transmitting hole with a diameter similar to that of the photosensitive sensor on the housing, and a convex lens is installed on the light-transmitting hole to ensure that the photosensitive sensor in the middle of the fixed base and the housing The convex lens on the top is facing directly; the sunlight enters the height adjustment mechanism through the convex lens on the hole, and shines on the photosensitive sensor of the bottom plate; there are threads on the inner wall of the height adjustment mechanism housing, and there are threads on the outer wall of the photosensitive sensor fixing base. The distance between the light transmission hole and the photosensitive sensor on the fixed plate and the size of the light spot can be adjusted by rotating the height adjustment mechanism, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the maximum viewing angle of the photosensitive sensor. For the convenience of measurement, a scale is engraved on the fixed base of the photosensitive sensor; 安装光敏传感器，待光敏传感器固定后，转动高度调节机构壳体，然后把高度调节机构通过光敏传感器固定底座上的螺纹孔连接到底板上并焊接好光敏传感器；再在底板上与高度调节机构中心水平不远距离处安装参照用的光敏传感器；其他电子零部件按照电路图依次焊接在电路板上；Install the photosensitive sensor, after the photosensitive sensor is fixed, turn the height adjustment mechanism housing, then connect the height adjustment mechanism to the bottom plate through the threaded hole on the photosensitive sensor fixing base and weld the photosensitive sensor; then connect the height adjustment mechanism center on the bottom plate A photosensitive sensor for reference is installed at a not far distance horizontally; other electronic components are welded on the circuit board in sequence according to the circuit diagram; 光敏传感器还用以判知天气的阴晴状况；高度调节机构是主要的光信号采集部件，通过高度调节机构内光敏传感器和参照光敏传感器的电压差来判定高度调节机构内的光偏角来判定太阳的移动，通过其螺纹调节光斑达到所需精度；The photosensitive sensor is also used to determine the weather conditions; the height adjustment mechanism is the main optical signal acquisition component, and the light deflection angle in the height adjustment mechanism is determined by the voltage difference between the photosensitive sensor in the height adjustment mechanism and the reference photosensitive sensor. The movement of the sun, through its screw thread to adjust the spot to achieve the required accuracy; 当太阳光线与底板平面垂直时，透过光孔的光线只照射到中央处光敏传感器，当存在偏差角时，根据偏差角的大小，底板上对应不同位置的光敏传感器将获得不同强度的光照，产生不同大小的电流传递到单片机上；When the sunlight is perpendicular to the plane of the bottom plate, the light passing through the light hole only irradiates the photosensitive sensor in the center. When there is a deviation angle, the photosensitive sensor corresponding to different positions on the bottom plate will obtain different intensities of light according to the size of the deviation angle. Generate currents of different sizes and pass them to the microcontroller; 由于光敏传感器上产生的光电流与其两端所加电压几乎无关，仅取决于光照强度，而且光电流与光照强度呈线性相关，因此光电流的大小就直接反应了光强的强弱；由于光敏传感器产生的光电流很小，在进行比较之前，首先通过串联电阻的方式把电流信号转换为电压信号，将电流转换后的电压信号通过运算放大器，把微弱的电压信号扩大，然后再进行电压大小的比较；放大后的电压信号经模数转换器，转换成数字信号后传给单片机；Since the photocurrent generated on the photosensitive sensor has almost nothing to do with the voltage applied across it, it only depends on the light intensity, and the photocurrent is linearly related to the light intensity, so the magnitude of the photocurrent directly reflects the light intensity; The photocurrent generated by the sensor is very small. Before the comparison, the current signal is first converted into a voltage signal by means of a series resistor, and the voltage signal after the current conversion is passed through an operational amplifier to amplify the weak voltage signal, and then the voltage is measured. The comparison; the amplified voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter and then transmitted to the microcontroller; 放大后的电压信号输入单片机后进行比较，通过比较各路电压的大小，单片机可以计算出此时太阳光线相对定位器所在平面的入射角度；将各通道的电压值和计算得到的光线角度，通过8段数码管显示出来，这样可以方便的进行最大视角的调整，和原点的定位；The amplified voltage signal is input to the single-chip microcomputer for comparison. By comparing the voltages of each channel, the single-chip microcomputer can calculate the incident angle of the sun's rays relative to the plane where the positioner is located at this time; the voltage value of each channel and the calculated light angle are calculated by The 8-segment digital tube is displayed, so that it is convenient to adjust the maximum viewing angle and locate the origin; 所述装置还装有风力传感器和时钟芯片，风力传感器主要作用是感知外界环境的风力强度，以防过大刮风对整个系统的破坏；通过风力传感器可以知道风力大小和风向，在较大风力时，单片机会发出信号使太阳能电池板放平，减少风对电池板的破坏，通过时钟芯片可知道白昼和各个时刻对应的太阳角度，从而可以很好地对电池板进行调节；The device is also equipped with a wind sensor and a clock chip. The main function of the wind sensor is to perceive the wind strength of the external environment, so as to prevent excessive wind from damaging the entire system; the wind force size and direction can be known through the wind sensor. At this time, the MCU will send out a signal to make the solar panel flat to reduce the wind damage to the panel. Through the clock chip, we can know the sun angle corresponding to the day and each time, so that the solar panel can be well adjusted; 所述装置的工作过程包括：首先通过参照光敏传感器和时钟芯片判断白昼和天气阴晴情况，若判定为白天且天晴，则会有光线透过高度调节机构上的凸透镜进入高度调节机构内，高度调节机构内的光敏传感器在阳光的照射下产生微弱的光电流，光电流经过电路的转换后变成电压信号，参考光敏传感器暴露于阳光中，其产生的光电流在转化为电压信号后，与高度调节机构内各个光敏传感器产生的电压信号进行放大并比较，经过差动运算放大器后的压差值在经过模数转换的压差数字信号输送给单片机，单片机根据压差情况计算出太阳光角度信息，单片机依据角度信息，进行太阳能电池板的光角度的调整；若判定为白天，但天阴，单片机将按照时钟芯片提供的时间取出存储的太阳光角度，然后驱动电机进行太阳能电池板高度调节；若判定为黑夜，则太阳能电池板将会被收起来，部分电源也将自动切断；若遇到大风，太阳能电池板将会依据风向放平，以避免强风对太阳能电池板的破坏。The working process of the device includes: firstly, by referring to the photosensitive sensor and the clock chip to judge the daytime and the weather is cloudy or sunny, if it is judged to be daytime and sunny, light will enter the height adjustment mechanism through the convex lens on the height adjustment mechanism, The photosensitive sensor in the height adjustment mechanism generates a weak photocurrent under the irradiation of sunlight, and the photocurrent becomes a voltage signal after being converted by the circuit. The reference photosensitive sensor is exposed to sunlight, and the photocurrent generated by it is converted into a voltage signal. It is amplified and compared with the voltage signal generated by each photosensitive sensor in the height adjustment mechanism. The differential pressure value after the differential operational amplifier is sent to the single-chip microcomputer through the analog-to-digital converted differential pressure digital signal, and the single-chip microcomputer calculates the sunlight according to the differential pressure. Angle information, the single-chip microcomputer adjusts the light angle of the solar panel according to the angle information; if it is determined that it is daytime, but the sky is cloudy, the single-chip microcomputer will take out the stored sunlight angle according to the time provided by the clock chip, and then drive the motor to adjust the solar panel height. Adjustment; if it is judged to be dark, the solar panels will be put away and part of the power supply will be automatically cut off; if there is a strong wind, the solar panels will be laid flat according to the wind direction to avoid damage to the solar panels by strong winds.
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