CN106602986A - Sunshine tracking system, solar energy application device and sunshine tracking method - Google Patents
Sunshine tracking system, solar energy application device and sunshine tracking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106602986A CN106602986A CN201611187714.3A CN201611187714A CN106602986A CN 106602986 A CN106602986 A CN 106602986A CN 201611187714 A CN201611187714 A CN 201611187714A CN 106602986 A CN106602986 A CN 106602986A
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- 230000002337 anti-port Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 30
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- 238000011896 sensitive detection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000023077 detection of light stimulus Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
- F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sunshine tracking system, a solar energy application device and a sunshine tracking method. The sunshine tracking system is applied to the solar energy application device, and the solar energy application device has a light acquisition surface used for acquiring sunshine. The sunshine tracking system comprises a driving device and a controller, wherein the driving device is controlled by the controller for driving the light acquisition surface to carry out light tracking motion, the sunshine tracking system further comprises a fine adjustment sensing device comprising a light sensing panel, the light sensing panel is fixed at one side of the light acquisition surface facing towards the sun, the light sensing panel and the light acquisition surface are parallel, or a vertical center axis of the light sensing panel and a vertical center axis of the light acquisition surface are superposed, gradual decrease of sunshine intensity along with increase of an incident angle can be sensed by the light sensing panel, when the controller is utilized to control light tracking motion, whether light tracking is in place is determined according to a light intensity change trend detected by the light sensing panel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photoelectric detecting technology application, and in particular to a kind of real-time inspection based on sunlight radiation direction
The sunlight tracing system of survey technology, apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar and sunlight method for tracing.
Background technology
In order to allow apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar (including but not limited to device of solar generating, solar thermal collector etc., similarly hereinafter)
Most luminous energy are received, needs that apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar is implemented to follow the trail of light and controlled, to ensure apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar
All the time can be with maximum area just to the actual direction of sunray.
Implement the method that apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar is followed the trail of light and controlled, mainly there is real-time detection angle of incidence of sunlight degree
Passive type is followed the trail of and calculates the active tracking of position of sun according to astronomic knowledge.What the former was not changed by calculation error and solar term
Affect, if light detection device detection precision it is sufficiently high, it is possible to meet apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar to photocontrol.The latter
Needs carry out the mathematical calculation of complexity, in addition it is also necessary to which complicated astronomic knowledge is supported, and the control accuracy of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar is restricted
Accuracy and the elimination of drive control cumulative error size in result of calculation, and affected than larger by solar term change, and
How, now no matter apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar runs, causes energy waste and equipment weather according to the control track of its own
Meaningless many abrasions, if it is desired to carry out appropriate adjustment control, then also need to be aided with other detections and control device.
And the prior art that passive type is followed the trail of, or need the various devices for shutting out the light, increased the complexity of structure；Or
Due to increasing cost using complex distributions formula photoelectric device, complexity that is not only not accurate enough but also increasing detection circuit；Or due to
Photoelectric device plane distribution, light to minor variations be difficult to substantially differentiation, and sensitivity is limited；Or because different photoelectric devices exist
Be subject to exist during illumination simultaneously itself intrinsic exporting change error, can not accurately resolved light to minor variations, add not
With detection circuit between no matter for another example what fine setting matching, also to there will be the numerical value itself for detecting each other intrinsic
Error, etc.；If the technology that existing passive type is followed the trail of is wanted to solve these defects, it is necessary to other complexity supplementary meanss, cause
Its cost is significantly increased, or even thoroughly cannot be solved at all.
The present inventor's Chinese utility model patent before this《A kind of solar energy heat collector of traceable optically focused》(patent
Number：ZL 201520072311.9), though solving above-mentioned most defect, it corresponds to two-by-two the light placed only for per group
The output signal of electric bridgeware is compared, because different photoelectric converting pieces and its detection circuit are all respectively present larger consolidating
Have error, cause its sunlight to detection Tracing Control degree of accuracy it is still limited.
Above- mentioned information is only used for strengthening the understanding of the background to the present invention, therefore it disclosed in the background section
Can include not constituting the information to prior art known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
The content of the invention
A series of concept of reduced forms is introduced in Summary, this will enter in specific embodiment part
One step is described in detail.The key that present invention part is not meant to attempt to limit technical scheme required for protection is special
Seek peace essential features, more do not mean that the protection domain for attempting to determine technical scheme required for protection.
A primary object of the present invention is at least one defect for overcoming above-mentioned prior art, there is provided one kind can be high-precision
Degree follows the trail of the sunlight tracing system of sunlight.
Another main purpose of the present invention is at least one defect for overcoming above-mentioned prior art, there is provided one kind can be high
Precision follows the trail of the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar of sunlight.
Another main purpose of the present invention is at least one defect for overcoming above-mentioned prior art, there is provided one kind can be high
Precision follows the trail of the sunlight method for tracing of the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar of sunlight.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of sunlight tracing system, is applied to an apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar,
The apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar has the lighting surface of a collection sunlight；The tracing system includes a driving means and a control
Device processed, the controller controls the driving means and drives the lighting surface to carry out motion of following spot, and the tracing system also has one
Accurate adjustment sensing device, the accurate adjustment sensing device includes a light sensing panel；The light sensing panel is fixed on the daylighting
Face is towards the side of the sun, and the light sensing panel is parallel with the lighting surface, or, the vertical centre of the light sensing panel
Axis overlaps with the lighting surface vertical center line；The intensity of the light sensing panel energy sense sunlight with incident angle increasing
Taper into greatly, the controller control carries out following spot when moving, become according to the light intensity change that the light sensing panel is measured
Gesture judges whether in place to follow spot.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the controller puts formula or photo-electric using clock type, differential, control
Sunlight pursive strategy carries out control of following spot.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the tracing system also has a coarse adjustment sensing device, the coarse adjustment
Sensing device includes at least one pair of photographic plate, and the relatively described lighting surface vertical center line of these photographic plates has folder at an acute angle
Angle, the paired light sensing panel is arranged symmetrically in a relatively described lighting surface vertical center line on direction of following spot；The sense
Tabula rasa is respectively provided with the sensitive face towards the sun, the intensity of the photographic plate energy sense sunlight with the increase of incident angle gradually
Diminish；The intensity contrast result of the sunlight that the controller is sensed according to the paired photographic plate, controls motion side of following spot
To.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the coarse adjustment sensing device includes two pairs of photographic plates, first pair is the
One photographic plate and the second photographic plate, second pair is the 3rd photographic plate and the 4th photographic plate；First photographic plate and second photosensitive
Respectively relatively described lighting surface vertical center line is arranged symmetrically plate on east-west direction, to sense the motion of following spot on east-west direction
Direction；3rd photographic plate and the 4th photographic plate symmetrical cloth of the relatively described lighting surface vertical center line in North and South direction respectively
Put, to sense the direction of motion of following spot in North and South direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the light sensing panel be solar panel, photodiode plate,
Phototriode tube sheet or photoelectricity baffle-wall；Photographic plate is solar panel, photodiode plate, light in the coarse adjustment sensing device
Electric audion plate or photoelectricity baffle-wall.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the light sensing panel and the photographic plate in the coarse adjustment sensing device
It is solar panel；Connected by analog-digital converter signal between the controller and each solar panel.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the driving means include deflection driven portion and rotary driving part, institute
Stating controller can respectively receive the output signal of the accurate adjustment sensing device and the coarse adjustment sensing device, control respectively described inclined
Turn drive division and/or rotary driving part operating, and drive one to consolidate by the deflection driven portion and/or the rotary driving part
Fixed platform is rotated accordingly, so as to drive the actual light of the lighting surface and fixed platform real-time tracing and alignment sunlight
Line direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the controller is strong according to the signal of the light sensing panel for receiving
Degree, controlling the tracing system carries out dormancy wait or start operating.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, using foregoing sunlight tracing system.
According to a further aspect in the invention, there is provided a kind of sunlight method for tracing of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, the sun
Energy application apparatus includes the lighting surface of a driving means, a controller and a collection sunlight, and the controller controls the driving
Device drives the lighting surface to carry out motion of following spot；The apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar also has an accurate adjustment sensing device, the essence
Sensing device is adjusted to include a light sensing panel, the light sensing panel is fixed on the lighting surface towards the side of the sun, institute
State light sensing panel parallel with the lighting surface, or, vertical centre axis and the lighting surface of the light sensing panel hang down
Straight centrage overlaps；
The sunlight method for tracing comprises the steps：
Coarse steps, the controller determines the rotation direction of the lighting surface according to coarse adjustment strategy, controls the driving dress
Putting the driving lighting surface carries out motion of following spot；And
Fine tuning step, controller control carry out coarse adjustment follow spot motion when, after meeting coarse adjustment condition, reduce the driving
The running speed of device, if the light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured continuously is died down by persistently becoming to be changed into by force,
Judge to have followed spot in place with this；Or
Fine tuning step, controller control carry out coarse adjustment follow spot motion when, after meeting coarse adjustment condition, reduce the driving
The running speed of device, the light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured is persistently to die down, then the controller control
The driving means are converted to antiport, until light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured is by persistently becoming strong
It is changed into and continuously dies down, judges to have followed spot in place with this.
As shown from the above technical solution, sunlight tracing system of the invention, apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar and sunlight are followed the trail of
The advantage and good effect of method be：
Because its data only with accurate adjustment sensing device and its detectable signal is contrasted, the time of single detection circuit
The error condition for going up in front and back is identical, therefore comparing result will not be affected by each constant error about device：Can be thorough
Eliminate and affected caused by various constant errors.Its detection accuracy is substantially dependent upon the digital to analog converter essence for reading the output signal
Degree, such as the 8 digit weighted-voltage D/A converters that general single-chip microcomputer is carried just can control readings error in 1% interior, the i.e. present invention in accurate adjustment
When detection Tracing Control precision can be substantially improved to 99%, so as to can be in the case of low cost, so that it may more accurately realize too
Sunlight to real-time accurate detection and its accurate Tracing Control.
Description of the drawings
By being considered in conjunction with the accompanying following the following detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention, the various targets of the present invention,
Feature and advantage will become apparent from.Accompanying drawing is only the exemplary diagram of the present invention, is not necessarily drawn to scale.
In the accompanying drawings, same reference represents all the time same or similar part.Wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of angle of incidence of sunlight degree；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments should in an apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar
Structural representation；
Fig. 3 is that the structure of sensor cluster in a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 4 be in a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments sensor cluster in misalignment
Light schematic diagram during sunlight radiation direction；
Fig. 5 be in a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments sensor cluster in alignment too
Light schematic diagram behind sunlight ray direction.
Specific embodiment
Example embodiment is described more fully with referring now to accompanying drawing.However, example embodiment can be with various shapes
Formula is implemented, and is not understood as limited to embodiment set forth herein；Conversely, thesing embodiments are provided so that the present invention will
Fully and completely, and by the design of example embodiment those skilled in the art is comprehensively conveyed to.Identical accompanying drawing in figure
Labelling represents same or similar structure, thus will omit their detailed description.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of sunlight tracing system, can be mainly used in various apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar.Should
It should be appreciated that, there can be the lighting surface of a collection sunlight in apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar.Lighting surface may refer to solar-electricity
The acting surface of pond plate, the acting surface of planar shaped solar energy heat collector, or other shapes of solar energy heat collector, this
In be equivalent to a plane and be described, be not limited thereto.Apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar referred to herein can have prior art
Sunlight Tracing Control device and driving means, and the necessary supplementary structure such as supporting support, power supply or condition.
A kind of sunlight tracing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can mainly include a driving means, a controller and
One accurate adjustment sensing device.Controller can control the driving means and drive lighting surface to carry out motion of following spot, and driving means may be selected to be
The various mechanical driving structures of existing tracing system, driving means may be selected to carry out single shaft tracking or twin shaft is followed the trail of.Certainly, this
In bright embodiment provide sunlight tracing system also may be selected carry out with the controller of existing tracing system it is integrated.In addition, this
Art personnel should be understood that sunlight tracing system can also be separately provided a controller with original tracing system
Controller is used cooperatively.
It is understood that the controller of basic tracing system can be based on passive type or active sunlight pursive strategy
Carry out the control for following the trail of direction and trace quantity on basis.Active pursive strategy is, for example, clock type, program control；Passive type
Sunlight pursive strategy is, for example, that formula solar tracking strategy or photo-electric solar tracking strategy are put in control.
Clock type solar tracking strategy is a kind of active pursive strategy, there is two kinds of forms of single shaft and twin shaft, its control
Method is timing method.According to the movement angle in the sun on high middle unit interval, calculate receiving surface unit interval planted agent and turn
Dynamic angle, so that it is determined that going out the driving running amplitude of unit interval inner driving device so that apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar is according to too
Sun position and accordingly change.
Program control solar tracking strategy is in combination with computer.Apply a formula first with one and calculated by computer
The relative angular position of the sun within the unit interval, then the position that sunlight follow-up mechanism is required is calculated, finally by
Driving transmission device reaches the position of requirement, realizes to sun altitude and azimuthal tracking.
Formula solar tracking strategy is put in control, and control is put formula solar tracking device and may be selected unidirectionally to follow the trail of solar azimuth,
During operation, e.g. lay one in apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar lighting surface west side and lay particular stress on, receive panel as solar energy and westwards rotate
Power, and put release of the formula automatic tracking apparatus to this power and be controlled by using control, make lighting surface with the sun west partially
And rotate.It is this motive power method detached with control unit, can with the structure of simplify control device, reduce energy expenditure
(rotational kinetic energy of panel is from the potential energy laid particular stress on), is to create conditions without external power supply.The electric magnet of relieving mechanism it is dynamic
Power can be supplied by solar panel.Cell panel is mounted in the top of lighting surface, before be provided with dark slide, when lighting surface be aligned the sun
When cover sunlight just, make solaode be in shadow region.Once the sun moves westwards, the shade of dark slide is moved, the sun
Energy battery is just irradiated by sunlight, the electric current of certain numerical value is exported, so as to send shifted signal.Signal is amplified, makes highly sensitive
The actuating of relay, and by performing Control electromagnetic actuation, then brake unit is unclamped, and heat collector westwards revolves
Turn, until alignment sunlight.
Photo-electric solar tracking strategy.Photo-electric solar tracking device determines incident sunray using light sensor
With the deviation of follow-up mechanism key light between centers, when deviation is more than a threshold value, actuator adjusts the position of heat collector, until
Make sunray again parallel with heat collector optical axis, realize to sun altitude and azimuthal tracking.With front several trackings
Device is compared, and photo-electric tracker can eliminate error by feedback, and control is relatively accurate, and circuit is also easier to realize.
The accurate adjustment sensing device of tracing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention can mainly include a light sensing panel.Light is passed
Sense panel may be selected to be fixed on lighting surface towards the side of the sun, and light sensing panel is parallel with lighting surface, or, light sensing panel
Vertical centre axis overlap with lighting surface vertical center line.Above two description relate generally to planar shaped lighting surface or other such as
The difference of the non-planar form lighting surface such as sphere, thus main alignment with reference to be regarded as depending on lighting surface primary optical axis (or
It is considered the vertical centre axis of lighting surface).Light sensing panel can have certain intervals with respect to lighting surface, and lighting surface is adopted with reducing
The impact of light effect.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the intensity of light sensing panel energy sense sunlight gradually becomes with the increase of incident angle
Little, controller carries out following spot when moving according to the control of basic pursive strategy, selects the light intensity measured according to light sensing panel to change
In place whether Trend judgement follow spot.Concrete fine tuning step example, controller is followed spot according to above-mentioned basic pursive strategy control
During motion, after meeting basic tracking condition, maintain fortune to direction but reduce the running speed of driving means, if sensing light sensing
The light intensity variation tendency that panel is measured continuously is died down by persistently becoming to be changed into by force, judges to have followed spot in place with this, stops driving
The operating of device, you can reach accurate adjustment angle.Or, when the above-mentioned basic pursive strategy control of controller carries out following spot motion,
After meeting basic tracking condition, maintain fortune that the running speed of driving means is reduced to direction, measure light sensing panel is sensed
Light intensity variation tendency persistently die down, then the controller control control driving means are converted to antiport, until
The light intensity variation tendency that light sensing panel is measured continuously is died down by persistently becoming to be changed into by force, judges to have followed spot in place with this, is stopped
The only operating of driving means, you can reach accurate adjustment angle.
Angle of incidence of sunlight degree referred to herein, as shown in figure 1, in sunlight A directive sensitive surface O, incident angle is too
The angle 2 of the normal N of sunlight A and sensitive surface O.
In accurate adjustment pursive strategy given by the embodiment of the present invention, may be selected to be to be based on basic pursive strategy and hardware, by
Basis is followed the trail of carries out the rotation direction of coarse adjustment tracking and the base control of volume of traffic, and accurate adjustment sensing device provides accurate adjustment and follows the trail of required
Control signal.And accurate adjustment sensing device Main Basiss are, after the change of the incident angle of light sensing panel light, light-receiving area and
Surface enters light rate can linearly be changed, and the illumination that electrooptical device therein is subject to has significant change, accordingly, using intelligence
Energy controller detects the photoelectric conversion signal variation tendency of accurate adjustment sensing device, according to the accurate adjustment sensing device signal intensity of itself
Trend carries out accurate Tracing Control.
And in traditional Tracing Control, the device under active pursive strategy is present can not flexibly strain asking for practical situation
Topic, and its timing driving mechanism also determines that the most of the time has angular deviation, especially cumulative error.And traditional passive type
Device under pursive strategy, puts that formula strategy is this to be controlled based on quantitative change similar to control, still can only realize between the unit interval
Follow the trail of every upper discontinuous, and, caused by illumination the node of quantitative change to qualitative change due to impacted factor it is more, be difficult to realize essence
Really follow the trail of.And similar to the device of photo-electric solar tracking strategy, due to needing multiple devices to participate in detection circuit, i.e.,
Make the error control of each device in 1%, 5% or so error rate is still suffered from after superposition.
And in the accurate adjustment pursive strategy given by the embodiment of the present invention, due to being only accurate adjustment sensing device and its detection letter
Number its data contrast, before and after the time of single detection circuit on error condition be identical, therefore comparing result will not
Affected by the constant error of each related device：Can thoroughly eliminate affected caused by various constant errors.Its detection accuracy is basic
Depending on the digital to analog converter precision for reading the output signal, the 8 digit weighted-voltage D/A converters that general single-chip microcomputer is carried just can control
Readings error is in 1% or higher, i.e., present invention detection Tracing Control precision in fine setting can be substantially improved to more than 99%, from
And can more accurately realize in the case of low cost sunlight to real-time accurate detection and its accurate Tracing Control.
It should be understood that in tracing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, accurate adjustment sensing device is removed can be with existing quilt
Dynamic formula or active sunlight tracing system coordinate to be realized outside accurate Tracing Control, it is also contemplated that adopted existing controller is built-in
The basis timing of bright finish is followed the trail of after operating rule, is coordinated with accurate adjustment sensing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention and is accordingly controlled plan
Slightly realize accurate Tracing Control.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the sunlight tracing system that the present invention is provided is illustrated for example, Fig. 2 is shown according to one
The structural representation that a kind of sunlight tracing system shown in example property embodiment is applied in an apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar.
As shown in Fig. 2 being directed to a kind of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, concretely a kind of heat collecting type is too for the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar
Positive energy application apparatus, omits its lighting surface in order to show driving structure and control structure in figure.Apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar master
To include sensor group 1, spherical lighting surface (not shown), fixed platform 2, driving means (3,4,5,6,7) and support 8.Support 8
For device to be installed on into a basal plane, and between support 8 and fixed platform 2 it is driving means.Driving means mainly include receiving
Dynamic portion 3, the first drive division 4, the first motor 5, the second drive division 6 and the second motor 7.Driven with this driving means solid
Fixed platform 2 carries out the Angular Trackong of twin shaft.In the embodiment of the present invention, driving means may be selected to be various single shafts in art technology
Or the version of dual-axis driving device.The controller of the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar can integrated installation in driving means.
Fig. 3 is that the structure of sensor cluster in a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments is shown
It is intended to；Fig. 4 be in a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments sensor cluster in misalignment too
Light schematic diagram during sunlight ray direction；Fig. 5 is a kind of sunlight tracing system according to an illustrative embodiments
Light schematic diagram of the middle sensor cluster after alignment sunlight radiation direction.
As shown in Figure 2 to Figure 3, sensor group 1 can mainly including the light sensing panel 10 of accurate adjustment sensing device, also including thick
Adjust the first photographic plate 11, the second photographic plate 12, the 3rd photographic plate 13 and the 4th photographic plate 14 of sensing device.
In the present embodiment, light sensing panel 10 is fixedly installed in the top of fixed platform 2, the vertical centre of light sensing panel 10
Axis can coincide with the primary optical axis of the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar lighting surface, and the deflection angle in order to accurate measurement lighting surface is believed
Breath.And, light sensing panel 10 and lighting surface actually between be separated with certain distance, mainly for avoid affecting the lighting surface light and
Heat collector light in the middle part of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar.On the other hand, light sensing panel 10 away from driving means axis of rotation,
There is position to move while angular deflection, be avoided that single movement is that may be present stagnant idle, it is for the perception of deflection angle
It is more accurately and more sensitive.Light sensing panel 10 may be selected to be a monocrystal silicon or polysilicon solar battery slice, can be by connection
Part is fixed on the top of fixed platform 2, and the positive and negative electrode line of light sensing panel 10 is accessed in a controller, and controller may be selected to be list
Piece machine, in single-chip microcomputer can integrated analog digit converter or external analog-digital converter, by analog-digital converter receiving light sense panel 10
By the signal of telecommunication produced after illumination.
In one embodiment, can also utilize sample circuit detect each light sensing panel the signal of telecommunication (voltage, electric current and/
Or power) change, sample circuit can be adopted as scheme commonly used in the art.Can also have filtering reorganizer and signal isolator pair
Deliver to the signal before controller to be processed.It should be understood that reorganizer and signal isolator can also be integrated in intelligent control
In device (single-chip microcomputer) processed.
First photographic plate 11 of coarse adjustment sensing device, the second photographic plate 12, the 3rd photographic plate 13 and the 4th photographic plate 14 can
The circumferential position of light sensing panel 10 is selectively mounted to, this position arrangement is mainly the present embodiment fixed platform headroom to be had
Limit, can be regarded as inclining respectively and is connected between the neighboring of light sensing panel 10 and the top of fixed platform 2.By Fig. 3 to Fig. 5
Shown, what the first photographic plate 11, the second photographic plate 12 can be relative is located at respectively the east side of light sensing panel 10 and west side both direction
On, both of which has certain inclination angle with respect to light sensing panel 10, and the first photographic plate 11 and the second photographic plate 12 are on east-west direction
Relatively described lighting surface primary optical axis (or claiming vertical center axis) is arranged symmetrically, and the first photographic plate 11 can be located at east side, and second is photosensitive
Plate 12 can be located at west side.3rd photographic plate 13, the 4th photographic plate 14 can be located relatively on this direction of the north and south of light sensing panel 10,
Both of which has certain inclination angle with respect to light sensing panel 10, and the 3rd photographic plate 13, the 4th photographic plate 14 are relative in North and South direction
The lighting surface primary optical axis (or claiming vertical center axis) is arranged symmetrically, and the 3rd photographic plate 13 can be located at southern side, the 4th photographic plate 12
Can be located at north side.These photographic plates of above-mentioned coarse adjustment sensing device may be selected to use size identical fritter solar panel,
Controller is connected to by analog-digital converter signal.
Light sensing panel or photographic plate in addition to it may be selected to be solar panel, may be used also in sensor group 1 in the present embodiment
It is commonly used in the art to be light sensitive diode, phototriode, photoconductive resistance, ccd image sensor and cmos image sensor etc.
Electronic devices and components or above-mentioned various electronic devices and components combination or uniform mode be installed on substrate.
The sunlight tracing system of above-mentioned specific embodiment in use, see Fig. 3, east and west to correspond to two-by-two
And the photographic plate 12 of symmetrically placed first photographic plate 11 and second that has a certain degree, when sunlight radiation direction and light sensing panel
During 10 plane out of plumb (its vertical centre axis is misaligned with radiation direction), or when there is small change in the direction of light,
Solar energy received by first photographic plate 11 and the second photographic plate 12 just has marked difference, as shown in figure 3, second is photosensitive
The solar energy that plate 12 is experienced is just more than the first photographic plate more than 11；Two photographic plate 11,12 corresponding detections in controller
Circuit, the output signal of the second photographic plate 12 for being obtained will be significantly than the first photographic plate the last 11 (after single-chip microcomputer analog digital conversion
Numerical value it is larger).So as to controller can draw the instruction to the deflection of the second photographic plate 12 according to this signal difference.Wherein, a kind of control
Strategy implement example processed is, when detecting that two-by-two corresponding photographic plate output signal is differed, just to the side that output signal is bigger than normal
To being rotated；And velocity of rotation faster is then may be selected when both deviation of signals are larger, so as to realize quickly " tracking
Position ".
Controller control driving means to the second photographic plate 12 residing for west side carry out yaw motion, as shown in figure 5, and
When judging sunlight radiation direction to the corresponding signal detection of first photographic plate, 11 and second photographic plate 12 two-by-two according to east and west
During the plane of " vertical " light sensing panel 10 (its vertical centre axis " overlaps " with radiation direction), due to the first photographic plate 11
And second the output characteristics and its detection circuit itself between photographic plate 12 all unavoidably will can be respectively present it is certain intrinsic
Error, be actually likely to and it is incomplete track position, thus also need to make further accurate adjustment and confirm.
As shown in figure 5, the present invention is using after above-mentioned coarse adjustment sensing device coarse adjustment in place or close in above-mentioned detection judgement
When " following the trail of in place ", the variation tendency of output signal of the light sensing panel 10 in nearest one section of tracing process is analyzed, if its letter
Number persistently become strong, the driving means that controller control accordingly continue rotating in same direction at a slow speed, until the output letter of light sensing panel 10
Number start continuously to die down and just judge real tracking in place.
Conversely, if its signal persistently dies down, controller then controls the reverse deflection that driving means are transferred at a slow speed, until light
The output signal of sensing panel 10 starts just to judge real tracking in place when continuously turning weak again after persistently becoming by force；And if its signal
(that is, the data after single-chip microcomputer analog digital conversion are less) weaker before and after presentation, middle certain period point are then most strong (that is, in list
Data after piece machine analog digital conversion are maximum), controller transfers the phase for reversely deflecting into the intermediate period point with regard to order-driven device
Answer and just judge real tracking in place behind position.
In the accurate adjustment control strategy of the embodiment of the present invention, due to being only going through for itself result of detection of light sensing panel 10
History data are comparing, it is possible to thoroughly eliminate and affected caused by various constant errors, so as to more accurately realize sunlight to
Accurately detect in real time and its Tracing Control
It is above-mentioned it is a kind of can real-time judge sunlight to follow-up mechanism, the preferred solar panel group of its photoelectric converting piece
Close, its hinge structure has prominent beneficial effect, make a concrete analysis of and be：
First, the prior art that passive type is followed the trail of, in the past mostly using photoconductive resistance or photosensitive semiconductor pipe (photosensitive two pole
Pipe or phototriode, similarly hereinafter) used as detection basic device, what is sensed due to photoconductive resistance and photosensitive semiconductor pipe is that illumination is strong
Degree, its output and intensity of illumination have certain corresponding relation and do not have a corresponding corresponding relation with light incident angle, therefore typically
It is required for being aided in using barrier structure detecting light to increased the complexity and its cost of structure；Photoconductive resistance and light
Sensitive semiconductor pipe has certain size size, even if taking dense distribution formula, also cannot uninterruptedly detect light income
Change curve.Used as sensitive detection parts, (illumination is total for the light income of its output signal and same time point for preferably solar panel of the invention
Amount) into the variation relation of full curve, than using light sensor (its price is up to tens of yuans when having certain precision)
To realize the mode of this function, the cost of the present invention needs only to the ternary of RMB two, and with low cost is more.
Secondly, just as the present inventor's Chinese utility model patent before this《A kind of solar energy heating of traceable optically focused
Device》(the patent No.：ZL 2,015 2 is 0072311.9), it is already possible to solves most of defect of existing other technologies, especially uses
In the angled placement of two panels solar panel (when being such as at an angle of x placements with the lighting surface of application system) compared, light
The minor variations for being shining into firing angle (such as deviate again minute angle y) and assume right with the lighting surface of application system from original into z=90 °
The two panels solaode plate suqare that should be placed is identical, then the light in unit area experienced on two solar panel
It is changed into sin (z+y+x)-sin (z+y-x), its change from sin (z+x)-sin (z-x)=2*cos (x) * cos (z) according to the difference of amount
Measure for the latter subtract the former=sin (z+y+x)-sin (z+y-x)-sin (z+x)+sin (z-x)=sin (z+y+x)-sin (z+x)-
Sin (z+y-x)+sin (z-x)=2*cos (z+x+y/2) * cos (y/2) -2cos (z-x+y/2) * cos (y/2)=2*cos (y/
2) * 2*sin (x) * sin (z+y/2)=4*sin (x) * sin (z+y/2) * cos (y/2), (z=90 °) partially when than illumination just pair
From angle y convergence 0 when, the variable quantity before and after the difference of the two panels solar panel quantity of illumination be approximately=4*sin (x) * sin
(90+0/2) * cos (0/2)=4*sin (x) * 1*1=4*sin (x), therefore, the two solar panels vertical applications in theory
During the lighting surface of system, the two solar cell board unit areas light income amplitude of variation is maximum, close 4 and now illumination drift angle
Amplitude of variation is then close to 0, you can significantly to lift detectivity of the present invention to lighting angle change.But its only for
The output signal for corresponding to the photoelectric converting piece placed two-by-two is compared, because different photoelectric converting pieces and its detection circuit all divide
Not there is larger constant error, such as how no matter solar panel strictly screen and match again, its output signal is inherently missed
Difference also also has 2% or so (with the output difference under illuminance), and detects circuit just at last from high-precision components and parts, such as only
Precision resistance (quantity seldom also at least respectively needs 1) its constant error used also also have 1% or so, cause its sunlight to
Detection Tracing Control degree of accuracy it is still limited, be only capable of reaching=98%*98%*99%*99%=94%.
And the present invention it is above-mentioned it is further fine setting detection analysis in the case of, due to being only the light in accurate adjustment sensing device
Sense the historical data of panel and its result of detection to compare, it is possible to thoroughly eliminate and affected caused by various constant errors, its
Detection accuracy is substantially dependent upon the precision of A/D converter for reading the output signal.8 moduluses that such as general single-chip microcomputer is carried
Transducer just can control readings error in 1%；That is present invention detection Tracing Control precision in fine setting can be substantially improved
99%, so as to can low cost (including the solar panel as sensitive detection parts and its input and control single-chip microcomputer cost)
In the case of can more accurately realize sunlight to real-time accurate detection and its Tracing Control.
To sum up, it is of the invention it is a kind of can real-time judge sunlight to detection device, its sensory package may be selected to be the sun
Can cell panel, its detectable sunlight to photoelectric converting piece group be preferably made up of at least five photoelectric converting pieces, with protrusion
Beneficial effect：Solar panel has good shield effectiveness, anti-interference, water proofing property, and structure is extremely simple, low cost
Honest and clean (only needing two or three yuan), sensitivity are higher (to correspond to two-by-two photovoltaic cell unit area when atomic little angle of incidence changes
The quantity of illumination Detect change value limit up to 4), degree of accuracy higher (up to 99%), it is possible to realize quickly following the trail of in place.
Described feature, structure or characteristic can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner
In.In superincumbent description, there is provided many details fully understand so as to be given to embodiments of the present invention.However,
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that technical scheme can be put into practice without in the specific detail or more
It is many, or can be using other methods, component, material etc..In other cases, be not shown in detail or describe known features,
Material operates to avoid fuzzy each aspect of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sunlight tracing system, is applied to an apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, and the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar has one and adopts
The lighting surface of collection sunlight；The tracing system includes a driving means and a controller, and the controller controls the driving dress
Putting the driving lighting surface carries out motion of following spot, it is characterised in that
The tracing system also has an accurate adjustment sensing device, and the accurate adjustment sensing device includes a light sensing panel；It is described
Light sensing panel is fixed on the lighting surface towards the side of the sun, and the light sensing panel is parallel with the lighting surface, or,
The vertical centre axis of the light sensing panel overlaps with the lighting surface vertical center line；
The intensity of the light sensing panel energy sense sunlight is tapered into the increase of incident angle, the controller control
Carry out following spot motion when, judge whether in place to follow spot according to the light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured.
2. sunlight tracing system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the controller using clock type, it is differential,
Formula or photo-electric sunlight pursive strategy are put in control carries out control of following spot.
3. sunlight tracing system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tracing system is also sensed with a coarse adjustment
Device, the coarse adjustment sensing device includes at least one pair of photographic plate, the relatively described lighting surface vertical center line tool of these photographic plates
There is an angle at an acute angle, the paired photographic plate is followed spot the symmetrical cloth of relatively described lighting surface vertical center line on direction one
Put；The photographic plate is respectively provided with the sensitive face towards the sun, and the intensity of the photographic plate energy sense sunlight is with incident angle
Increase and taper into；The intensity contrast result of the sunlight that the controller is sensed according to the paired photographic plate, control
Follow spot the direction of motion.
4. sunlight tracing system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the coarse adjustment sensing device include two pairs it is photosensitive
Plate, first pair is the first photographic plate and the second photographic plate, and second pair is the 3rd photographic plate and the 4th photographic plate；Described first is photosensitive
Respectively relatively described lighting surface vertical center line is arranged symmetrically on east-west direction for plate and the second photographic plate, to sense east-west direction
On the direction of motion of following spot；Respectively relatively described lighting surface is vertical in North and South direction for 3rd photographic plate and the 4th photographic plate
Centrage is arranged symmetrically, to sense the direction of motion of following spot in North and South direction.
5. the sunlight tracing system as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the light sensing panel is solar-electricity
Pond plate, photodiode plate, phototriode tube sheet or photoelectricity baffle-wall；Photographic plate is solaode in the coarse adjustment sensing device
Plate, photodiode plate, phototriode tube sheet or photoelectricity baffle-wall.
6. sunlight tracing system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the light sensing panel and the coarse adjustment are sensed
Photographic plate in device is solar panel；Pass through analog digital conversion between the controller and each solar panel
Device signal connects.
7. sunlight tracing system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the driving means include deflection driven portion and
Rotary driving part, the controller can respectively receive the output signal of the accurate adjustment sensing device and the coarse adjustment sensing device,
The deflection driven portion and/or rotary driving part operating are controlled respectively, and by the deflection driven portion and/or the rotation
Drive division drives a fixed platform to be rotated accordingly, so as to drive the lighting surface and fixed platform real-time tracing and alignment
The actual radiation direction of sunlight.
8. sunlight tracing system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the controller is according to the light sensing face for receiving
The signal intensity of plate, controlling the tracing system carries out dormancy wait or start operating.
9. a kind of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, applies the sunlight tracing system as described in any one of claim 1 to 8.
10. the sunlight method for tracing of a kind of apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar, the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar include a driving means, one
The lighting surface of controller and a collection sunlight, the controller controls the driving means and drives the lighting surface to carry out fortune of following spot
It is dynamic；Characterized in that, the apparatus for utilization of solar energy with solar also has an accurate adjustment sensing device, the accurate adjustment sensing device includes one
Light sensing panel, the light sensing panel is fixed on the lighting surface towards the side of the sun, the light sensing panel with it is described
Lighting surface is parallel, or, the vertical centre axis of the light sensing panel overlaps with the lighting surface vertical center line；
The sunlight method for tracing comprises the steps：
Coarse steps, the controller determines the rotation direction of the lighting surface according to coarse adjustment strategy, controls the driving means and drives
Moving the lighting surface carries out motion of following spot；And
Fine tuning step, controller control carry out coarse adjustment follow spot motion when, after meeting coarse adjustment condition, reduce the driving means
Running speed, if the light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured continuously is died down by persistently becoming to be changed into by force, with this
Judgement has been followed spot in place；Or
Fine tuning step, controller control carry out coarse adjustment follow spot motion when, after meeting coarse adjustment condition, reduce the driving means
Running speed, the light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured is persistently to die down, then controller control is described
Driving means are converted to antiport, until light intensity variation tendency that the light sensing panel is measured is by persistently becoming strong transformation
Continuously to die down, judge to have followed spot in place with this.
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| CN201611187714.3A CN106602986A (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Sunshine tracking system, solar energy application device and sunshine tracking method |
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| CN201611187714.3A CN106602986A (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Sunshine tracking system, solar energy application device and sunshine tracking method |
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| CN108507203A (en) * | 2018-06-03 | 2018-09-07 | 上海极矩教育科技有限公司 | Track sun formula optical fiber light-guiding system and method |
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