CN103345263B - A kind of position of sun tracing sensor - Google Patents
A kind of position of sun tracing sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103345263B CN103345263B CN201310184324.0A CN201310184324A CN103345263B CN 103345263 B CN103345263 B CN 103345263B CN 201310184324 A CN201310184324 A CN 201310184324A CN 103345263 B CN103345263 B CN 103345263B
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Abstract
The position of sun photoelectric tracing sensor of sun exact position can be measured the invention discloses a kind of, it passes through the offset of the photodiode preliminary surveying of four symmetric arrays outside cone to sun incident light and heat collector surface normal, the output control signal after MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING, this method has larger tracking visual angle.Realize after preliminary follow the trail of, the sensitivity of sensor is improved using optical system, and microcomputer reprocesses the signal of 4 quadrant detector, and output control data finely tune the direction of heat collector surface, reach that high accuracy follows the trail of the purpose of position of sun.By detecting the magnitude of voltage sum that four photodiodes are induced, sensor can mutually switch between working and not working with the change of intensity of illumination, realize that night and rainy weather do not work, only just be worked in the case where intensity of illumination is enough.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power electronics, more particularly to a kind of position of sun tracing sensor.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of cleaning, the lasting energy, with very big potentiality to be exploited.Novel energy is greatly developed in China
Policy Background under, study solar energy generation technology important in inhibiting.Solar energy has that energy density is low, locus constantly becomes
The features such as change, so one of key technology of solar light-heat power-generation is collection solar energy.During using solar power generation,
Using the accurate tracking position of sun of sensor, solar energy collecting face is set perpendicular to sun incident light, to focus it onto a bit all the time
Thermal-arrest generates electricity.Research shows to connect using the collecting system of position of sun real time technique for tracking, the system solar energy than fixed installation
37.7% is improved by rate, tracking precision directly affects energy and receives efficiency.Therefore, during sunlight heat power generation, chase after
The precision of track position of sun is an important indicator, and it is very necessary to be improved when designing sun tracing system and follow the trail of real-time accuracy
's.
The method that solar energy tracking technology is used has track of sun tracing, photoelectric tracing method and mixing back tracking method.Too
Positive track following method obtains the position of the sun according to solar orbit calculation formula in astronomy, and follower pair is controlled with this data
Sun comprehensive trace.This method cost is low, and reliability is high, but cumulative errors can not be completely eliminated, and tracking accuracy is also only at 1 °
Left and right.Pinhole imaging system principle is typically utilized currently with photoelectric tracing method or the sun position sensor for mixing back tracking method, or
Precision is high but cost is also high, and the low precision of cost is low, and cost performance is not high, and also has the shortcomings that tracking visual angle is small.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind it is simple in construction, with low cost, with larger
The position of sun tracing sensor for following the trail of visual angle and precision.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technology used in the present invention method is：A kind of position of sun tracing sensor, it
Including cone, optical system, 4 quadrant detector, photodiode, microcomputer signal-processing board.4 quadrant detector and microcomputer
Signal-processing board is arranged on the bottom in cone, and four photodiodes are symmetrically mounted on outside cone, optical system peace
At the top of cone.If the corresponding induced voltage signal of four photodiodes is respectively Ua, Ub, Uc, Ud.Work as solar irradiation
When intensity does not reach generating minimum value, the magnitude of voltage sum Ua+Ub+Uc+ that the photodiode outside cone is induced
Ud is less than setting value, and microcomputer judges that tracing system does not work.
When intensity of illumination reaches generating intensity, Ua+Ub+Uc+Ud is more than setting value, and microcomputer judges that entering coarse adjustment follows the trail of rank
Section.When heat collector surface is not perpendicular to sunshine, the intensity of illumination suffered by photodiode that outer symmetrical is installed is different,
The voltage signal induced is also different.If the shifted signal of two vertical direction is respectively Δ m and Δ n.There is following formula：
Shifted signal is converted into by the steering of stepper motor by microcomputer and the data such as step number are rotated, then is exported with max232
To executing agency, make heat collector surface preliminary perpendicular to sun incident light.After previous step is to following the trail of precision coarse adjustment, sunshine just can
One small light spot of formation on one point is focused on the 4 quadrant detector of bottom through optical system.If the light of four quadrants
The corresponding different illuminating areas of quick element produce resistive i1, i2, i3, i4 respectively.Now 4 quadrant detector is induced
Current value sum i1+i2+i3+i4 has been more than setting value, and microcomputer judges to enter the fine setting stage, and microcomputer only handles 4 quadrant detector
The signal and output motor control data of output.
Due to the limited precision that previous step is adjusted, luminous point may not be on the central point of 4 quadrant detector, and hot spot is each
Area on individual light-sensitive element is differed, so that four resistives produced will also be differed.If spot center deviates detection
Offset of the device center in x directions and y directions is respectively Δ x and Δ y.Because the photoelectric current i that photodiode is produced is more micro-
It is weak, so needing to be converted into larger voltage signal U by operational amplifier.Photoelectric current during in view of intensity of illumination difference
Size can change, therefore result is also compared into value.Such as following formula：
The voltage signal that wherein U1, U2, U3, U4 correspond respectively to I, light-sensitive element is produced in II, III, IV 4 quadrants.
Thus the distance of facula deviation photodetector central point can be measured, and then shifted signal is converted into stepper motor by microcomputer
Turn to and rotate the data such as step number, then exported with max232 to executing agency.Stepper motor correspondence is rotated, and tends to Δ x and Δ y
In zero, the purpose that position of sun is followed the trail of in high precision is reached.
Meanwhile, from above formula, hot spot is more remote away from central point skew, and Δ x and Δ y are bigger, and controller is easier to be surveyed
Measure the off-center point of hot spot.Present invention adds optical system, using the refraction principle of light, one is offset in angle of incidence of sunlight
When determining angle, the distance of deflection of optical point central point is far longer than currently without other designs using optical system.Deflection of optical point
The expansion of central point distance actually just improves the sensitivity that sensor changes to sun angle, can both reduce to four-quadrant
The requirement of detector performance, so that cost is reduced using cheap detector, while high-precision requirement can also be met, so
Just the cost performance of sensor is improved.Simultaneously as sensor has two stages of coarse adjustment and accurate adjustment, the height of tracking both can guarantee that
Precision, also expands the tracking visual angle of sensor significantly.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Position of sun can be improved by using optical system and follows the trail of precision, while also dropping
Low sensor production cost.Using coarse adjustment, two steps of accurate adjustment, tracking visual angle is considerably increased compared to traditional sensors.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is position of sun photoelectric tracing sensor group into structure chart；
Fig. 2 is four-quadrant tracing system schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is two schemes formation beam speckle contrast's schematic diagram；
Fig. 1：1st, optical system 2, cone 3, photodiode 4,4 quadrant detector 5, MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate
Fig. 3：A, optical system principle schematic b, pinhole imaging system schematic diagram
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention is a kind of position of sun tracing sensor, including lighttight cone, photodiode, four-quadrant are visited
Survey device, MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate；Wherein, 4 quadrant detector is on MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate and installed in cone bottom, the pole of photoelectricity two
Pipe is mounted in cone external port；It is characterized in that：Also include being arranged on the optical system at the top of cone.
The photodiode is at least four.The MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate be with cone radius identical circuit board, it is embedding
Enter cone bottom, seal light tight.It is uniformly right along excircle that at least four photodiodes are attached to shading drum outer wall
Claim to install；The signal wire that they draw is connected on MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate, and photodiode input signal is handled by microcomputer,
Executing agency sends the order followed the trail of position of sun further according to the signal after processing；When intensity of illumination is inadequate, the pole of photoelectricity two
The magnitude of voltage sum of pipe sensing does not reach setting value, and microcomputer judges that executing agency does not work；When intensity of illumination is enough, photoelectricity two
The magnitude of voltage sum of pole pipe sensing is more than setting value, and microcomputer judges that sensor enters preliminary track phase；
Further, shifted signal is converted into the steering of stepper motor and rotates step count data by the microcomputer, then is used
Max232 is exported to executing agency.
Further, the position of sun photoelectric tracing sensor has two stages of coarse adjustment and accurate adjustment.
When in night or rainy weather, light intensity is inadequate, four photodiodes outside cone
The magnitude of voltage sum Ua+Ub+Uc+Ud induced is less than setting value, and microcomputer judges that, in not tracking mode, output stepper motor turns
Dynamic step number is zero, and executing agency remains static.
When in daytime and light intensity enough, the magnitude of voltage sum Ua+Ub+Uc+Ud that four photodiodes are induced
More than setting value.Microcomputer initially enters coarse adjustment state, and microcomputer only handles the voltage signal that four photodiodes are induced, and this four
Individual signal is changed into Ua, Ub, Uc, Ud after amplifying through operational amplifier.If this four magnitudes of voltage are unequal, Δ m and Δ n will not be waited
In zero, wherein Δ m and Δ n refer to the voltage offset values of two vertical direction respectively.Its calculation formula is：
Microcomputer is sampled by AD after tetra- magnitudes of voltage of Ua, Ub, Uc, Ud, and the value that Δ m and Δ n are calculated with program is converted
The direction rotated for stepper motor and rotation step number, and this data is transmitted to executing agency with MAX232.After executing agency performs,
Heat collector surface is set to turn to go towards the direction of vertical sunshine, the intensity of illumination that now four photodiodes are received can produce change,
Ua, Ub, Uc, Ud are intended to equal.Now microcomputer is sampled to this four voltage AD again, and control executing agency make heat collector surface after
It is continuous to turn to go towards the direction of vertical sunshine.So circulation, can finally reach Ua=Ub=Uc=Ud dynamic equilibrium, that is, reach preliminary
Follow the trail of the purpose of position of sun.Because preliminary tracking precision is not high, in addition it is also necessary to continue to finely tune.
When preliminary tracking reaches certain precision, the hot spot that sunshine is formed through optics into focus just can fall to be visited in four-quadrant
Survey on device.Light-sensitive element on 4 quadrant detector just can induce electric current, convert this current signal after operational amplifier
For 0 voltage signal U1, U2, U3, U4 for arriving 5v.When U1+U2+U3+U4 value is more than setting value, microcomputer judges to enter fine setting
Stage, microcomputer only handles the corresponding voltage signal of 4 quadrant detector.Such as Fig. 2, facula deviation 4 quadrant detector central point Δ x
With Δ y, have：
The present invention increases precision using optical system, and it is made up of two convex lens and double right-angle prism erecting systems, is put
Big multiplying power can be arranged to multiple numerical value, exemplified by 8 times.As shown in Figure 3 a, if angle of incidence of sunlight is α, light passes through light
Angle is β between normal after system injection.Then by the refraction principle of light, there are β=k α（k≥1）.If optical system end away from
4 quadrant detector distance is d, and hot spot is away from central point apart from f.Contrast pinhole imaging system principle measurement scheme, as shown in Figure 3 b, light
Angle is γ to line through cone axis from aperture, there is γ=α.If small pitch 4 quadrant detector distance is h,
Then the hot spot of pinhole imaging system is g away from central point distance.As shown in Figure 2.F=8d*tg is released by the refraction principle and geometric knowledge of light
α, g=h*th α can be released by being released by pinhole imaging system principle.General h is set to 35mm, if d=20mm.Understand, compare by computing
Traditional pinhole imaging system scheme, facula deviation distance is increased by optical system, so as to increase between U1, U2, U3, U4
Difference.The requirement to 4 quadrant detector accuracy is so lessened, in the 4 quadrant detector using lower accuracy,
Δ x and Δ y can be measured in the same old way, so just reduce cost while high precision tracking is ensured.
Microcomputer is measured after Δ x and Δ y, and control executing agency rotates towards the trend for reducing Δ x and Δ y, finally makes Δ x=Δ y
=0。
Now just reach that Dynamic High-accuracy follows the trail of the purpose of position of sun.
If intensity of illumination does not reach the requirement of generating by turning weak by force, now outer four photodiodes of cone are induced
Ua+Ub+Uc+Ud can then be less than setting value, microcomputer enters the interruption for stopping following the trail of, and control executing agency remains stationary is kept
Lowest energy consumption.Until light intensity reaches generating intensity once again, then the stage of position of sun tracking is reentered.
Illustrate that the preferred embodiment of this invention, including inventor are used to implement best modes known of the invention herein.
The change of preferred embodiment is obvious after reading the above description for those of ordinary skill in the art.Inventor wishes
Hope those of ordinary skill's rationally application is such to change, and inventor thinks that the application different from clearly stating herein can also
Realize the present invention.Therefore, the present invention includes all modifications and equivalents of purport cited in appended claims, this
It is allowed in applicable law.In addition, any combinations of all possible change of above-mentioned key element are also included by the present invention,
It is unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted within a context.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of position of sun tracing sensor, including lighttight cone, photodiode, 4 quadrant detector, microcomputer
Process plate；Wherein, 4 quadrant detector is on MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate and installed in cone bottom, and photodiode is mounted in shading
Cylinder external port；It is characterized in that：Also include being arranged on the optical system at the top of cone；The optical system is by two convex lens
Constituted with double right-angle prism erecting systems, facula deviation distance is increased by optical system；The MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate is and screening
Light cylinder radius identical circuit board, embedded cone bottom is sealed light tight；
The photodiode is at least four, and it is equal along excircle that at least four photodiodes are attached to shading drum outer wall
It is even to be symmetrically installed；The signal wire that they draw is connected on MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSING plate, and photodiode input signal is carried out by microcomputer
Processing, executing agency sends the order followed the trail of position of sun further according to the signal after processing；When intensity of illumination is inadequate, photoelectricity
The magnitude of voltage sum of diode sensing does not reach setting value, and microcomputer judges that executing agency does not work；When intensity of illumination is enough, light
The magnitude of voltage sum of electric diode sensing is more than setting value, and microcomputer judges that sensor enters preliminary track phase.
2. the position of sun tracing sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The microcomputer converts shifted signal
Steering and rotation step count data for stepper motor, then exported with max232 to executing agency.
3. the position of sun tracing sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The position of sun photoelectric tracing is passed
Sensor has two stages of coarse adjustment and accurate adjustment.
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| CN201310184324.0A CN103345263B (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2013-05-17 | A kind of position of sun tracing sensor |
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| CN201310184324.0A CN103345263B (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2013-05-17 | A kind of position of sun tracing sensor |
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| CN103345263B true CN103345263B (en) | 2017-09-26 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104035449B (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2016-10-05 | 北方民族大学 | The dual-axis tracking system of a kind of solar panel and tracking thereof |
| CN104865974A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-08-26 | 浙江师范大学 | FPGA-based sunlight real-time tracking device and method |
| CN106155100A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-11-23 | 潘亚强 | A kind of solar tracking positioner |
| CN105652899B (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | The space actinometer solar tracking control method of system energy consumption can be reduced |
| CN106200698A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 四川中惯科技股份有限公司 | Sunlight direction detection sensor |
| TWI612406B (en) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-01-21 | 南通斯密特森光電科技有限公司 | Solar tracking device and tracking method thereof |
| CN106595478A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Light spot position detector |
| CN110456832A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 江苏提米智能科技有限公司 | A kind of sun tracker and method |
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| CN101661295A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-03-03 | 王泽秀 | Solar automatic tracking and positioning device |
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| CN101661295A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-03-03 | 王泽秀 | Solar automatic tracking and positioning device |
| CN202255421U (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-30 | 金海新源电气江苏有限公司 | Photoelectric sensor for solar track support |
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