CN1039209C - 聚烯烃/填料复合材料挤塑成型方法 - Google Patents

聚烯烃/填料复合材料挤塑成型方法 Download PDF

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CN1039209C
CN1039209C CN93107280A CN93107280A CN1039209C CN 1039209 C CN1039209 C CN 1039209C CN 93107280 A CN93107280 A CN 93107280A CN 93107280 A CN93107280 A CN 93107280A CN 1039209 C CN1039209 C CN 1039209C
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A·D·柯曾
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Abstract

利用挤塑工艺使含有聚烯烃和空心微球体填料的复合组合泡沫材料通过一成型段长度与厚度之比小于7∶1的口模而制得具有光滑表面的带或薄片。这种带可缠绕在管材的周围以提供绝缘。

Description

聚烯烃/填料复合材料挤塑成型方法
本发明涉及由聚烯烃与含空心微球体的填料组成的复合材料的挤塑成型方法。这类材料通称聚烯烃“复合泡沫塑料”。本发明还涉及这类材料在热绝缘方面的应用,特别是在例如水下使用的刚性和挠性流送管的绝缘方面的应用。
对于水下流送管的绝缘材料的要求是多方面的。含微球体的材料应在制造过程和以后应用于输送管的过程中耐破损,它还应允许显著的拉伸伸长,在流送管内可能输送热油的情况下长期使用(例如寿命可能30年)时仅产生很小的蠕变,且具有极好的机械性能。
由聚烯烃与含“玻璃泡”的填料组成的复合材料在ResearchDisclosure253015上有介绍。该文公开了可以利用挤塑设备使“玻璃泡”在破损率小于5%(重)的情况下与主要是聚丙烯那样的聚烯烃混合而制得低密度复合材料。该复合材料可用于制造浮性和热绝缘的挤塑零件和大的汽车模制品。
虽然在实验过程中尝试过将微球体加入聚烯烃以使复合材料具有适合于严酷使用条件(例如流送管的绝缘)的性能,但发现只有在使用高熔体流动指数(MFI)的基础聚丙烯的情况下才能做到。通常制得的复合材料的MFI值太高,不适用于“管材挤塑”法,而且/或者其机械性能不适合于流送管的绝缘。虽然尝试过将微球体加入低MFI的基础聚丙烯,但由于在混合或以后挤塑的过程中有相当大部分的微球体破裂,因而其绝缘性能是不够的。
EP-A-0473215公开了一种解决这些问题的方法,以获得一种能在严酷条件下应用的复合材料,例如可通过与管材共挤塑而成为水下流送管的绝缘外壳。该解决方法包括用一种断链剂处理至少一部分要加入聚烯烃中的微球体;使微球体均匀分布在熔融状态的聚烯烃中;将该复合材料成型,使具有所需的形状,并冷却。
EP-A-0473215包括适宜于管材挤塑的试件的具体例子,但没有举例说明如何挤塑。EP-A-0473215还建议该复合材料可挤塑成带,并在钢管旋转的情况下“侧向缠绕”到钢管上。
在制造绝缘挠性流送管的过程中,带状绝缘材料经受很大的拉力。为了能承受住这样的拉力,带的断裂伸长率必需为1~40%或40%以上,该值取决于管材直径和带的尺寸。而且,带的表面不应有任何切口或缺陷,因为它们会使带在缠绕时断裂。另外,制成的带还需要具有几公里的连续长度。
此外,在绝缘流送管使用过程中,绝缘材料应具有适当的导热率,该性能可由完整的空心玻璃微球体获得。在制造复合泡沫材料带和制造绝缘流送管的过程中都务必使微球体不破裂。
另外,如上所述,绝缘材料在使用寿命(10~30年)期内应能承受住流体静力压缩和蠕变,保持绝缘性能。
由聚丙烯的挤塑得知,为了获得更好的表面光洁度,挤塑口模温度需要比正常的(210℃)高些,口模成型段长度需要更长些(即口模成型段长度l与模身厚度t的比值较大)。这较高的温度还应使微球体的破裂减少到最小程度。然而,将这种常识用于上述类型的材料时却生成具有不能接受的鲨皮斑的带和熔体。采用管材挤塑工艺时,鲨皮斑放应关系不大(挠性亦然),通常总会被外面的塑料层(共挤塑生成)覆盖住。
现已发现,将口模比(l∶t)降低到7∶1以下能将聚烯烃/微球体复合材料挤塑成具有基本光滑的表面的带或薄片,这时出乎意料之外的。因此本发明提供一种通过一口模生产具有光滑表面的聚烯烃与空心微球体填料组成的复合材料的带或片的方法,其特征在于口模成型段长度与模身厚度之比(l∶t)小于7∶1(最好不超过5∶1)。还发现,提高挤塑温度会降低表面光洁度,而降低挤塑温度则有助于产生不含鲨皮斑的基本光滑的表面,这也是与通常的做法相反的。因此,挤塑温度至多不宜高于215℃。此外,宜通过改变口模孔型以提高挤塑中的背压,从而有助于形成光滑表面。
还出乎意外地发现,在这种加工条件下,化学发泡剂可以在熔融过程中加入,以获得所需发泡复合泡沫材料带或薄片。发泡剂可以是常用的那些,例如能释放CO2或N2的化合物,技术上已知的发泡剂是很多的。因此产品的密度可降低到0.3克/立方厘米或更低。未发泡的产品的最小密度可达0.6克/立方厘米左右。产品的最大密度为例如0.9克/立方厘米左右。
该新型产品的密度是决定其导热率的参数之一。另一参数是填料含量,特别是空心微球体的含量。
填料可以基本上仅含空心微球体,也可以除空心微球体外还含其他填料,包括非空心填料,例如滑石、白垩、碳酸钡或切断玻璃纤维。然而,填料最好基本上是由空心微球体组成(但需说明,任何特定的微球体样品均可含小部分破裂的或实心的微球体)。
还应指出,“微球体”这一适用于上述填料的技术用语并不是一几何上精确的术语。大多数微球体既可以是真正的球体,也可能不是真正的球体。
可以使微球体与粒状聚烯烃混合,然后加热使聚烯烃熔化。但最好将微球体加到熔融状态的聚烯烃中。
微球体在复合材料中的体积含量宜占复合材料体积的5~70%,最好为30~60%。
微球体可以由各种不同的塑料和无机材料制成。较适用的材料是无机玻璃,最好为硅基玻璃。尤为适用的一种材料可含大部分二氧化硅及小部分碱金属氧化物和B2O3
微球体的体积密度宜在0.07~0.6克/毫升的范围内,最好在0.3~0.5克/毫升的范围内。微球体的直径一般为10~200微米,最好为20~130微米。其均衡压缩强度可以是1000~2500Psi((6.9×106Pa-1.03×108Pa),最好为2000~15000Psi(3.4×107Pa~1.03×108Pa)。
用于本发明的聚丙烯、聚丁烯或其他聚烯烃可以是均聚物或共聚物。适用的共聚物是那些含有5~20%(重)乙烯作为共聚单体的共聚物。聚烯烃可以与一种或多种其他聚合物组成共混物使用,此时这类共混物含1~50%(重)(最好为10~40%),其他聚合物,例如聚酰胺和热塑性弹性体(如市场上出售的商标为KRATON和EPDM的橡胶)。
较适用于本发明的聚烯烃是以聚丙烯为基础的。如果使用聚丁烯,最好用以1-丁烯为基础的聚丁烯。
基础聚合物(不管是均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物)的熔体流动指数可以是2~60,较好的是2~20,最好是3~10g·10min-1(按照ISO1133)。
所用的聚烯烃要含抗氧化剂,最好还含润滑剂(例如硬脂酸钙)。
复合材料可以制成带状供应,但最好制成粒料供应,以供以后的挤塑工序使用。也可以制成复合材料薄片,供以后的压塑或热成形工序使用。
本发明方法的口模厚度特别为1~10毫米,口模宽度特别为10~100毫米,由此制成厚为1-10毫米的片材或带材,以及宽为10-100毫米的带材。长度是没有限制的,可以生产5公里或更长的长度。
本发明的复合材料可以作为一种流送管绝缘组合物使用。形成流送管的绝缘层的一种方法包括将复合材料成带状挤塑到钢管上,形成侧向缠绕。为此,本发明的产品应具有足够的挠性,使其能令人满意地缠在例如直径为100毫米的管材的周围。如果需要,还可以在复合材料与钢管之间加一层羧化聚烯烃,使复合材料与钢管接触得更好。
另一种方法是将复合材料熔体缠包在流送管上而制得绝缘流送管,在这种情况下,复合材料可以呈条带形式,宽度不超过1000毫米,厚度为10毫米。也许熔体的最重要参数是其熔体强度和熔体伸长率。其在220℃下的熔体强度宜为5~20KPa,其熔体伸长率宜为200~700%。
下面的实施例是为了说明本发明(实施例使用的材料包含聚丙烯和市场上能买到的“CARIZITE”玻璃微球体)。实施例1口模面积
用一具有两逆向旋转的平行螺杆的Cincinnati MilacronA2/80挤塑机在不同的温度下将含有25%微球体和适当的热稳定体系的聚丙烯复合泡沫材料进行挤塑。表1所示的结果表明,使用截面积为250平方毫米的口模和熔融温度为176~182℃时,所得的带的表面光洁度被列入“差”级。如果将口模的截面积减少一半,即改为125平方毫米,而熔融温度仍相同,则生成具有光滑表面的带,被列入“良”级。这适用于MFI为2~5的材料和口模比(成型段长度l与模身厚度t之比)为26∶1~4∶1(实际成型段长度为75~15毫米)的口模。实施例2加工温度
用一Baker Perkins MP2030双螺杆共旋转混料挤塑机在不同的温度下将含有20%(m)微球体的聚丙烯复合泡沫材料进行挤塑。表2所示的结果表明有一最佳“processing windon”,在本实施例的情况下为215℃,此时表面光洁度被列入“良”级,同时具有很高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。而试验温度高于和低于215℃时,表面光洁度和拉伸性能均变坏。在所有这些试验中,口模截面积均为250平方毫米,口模成型段长度比(l∶t)均为5∶1。实施例3口模成型段长度
用一具有两逆向旋转平行螺杆的Cincinnati MilacronA2/80挤塑机和在熔体流动指数为2.7的聚丙烯内含有25%微球体形成的复合泡沫材料,并利用3个挤塑口模进行试验,3个口模的截面积均为250平方毫米,但成型段长度比不同,分别在20∶1~2∶1的范围内变动。表3所示的结果表明,物料温度为176℃时,用具有较大的口模比(成型段长度较大)的口模制得的带的表面光洁度属“差”级。当口模比为2∶1时,表面光洁度提高到“中/良”级。
               表1
口模X-截面积对表面光洁度的影响
 表面光洁度  X-截面,平方毫米 M.F.I.g.10min-1     温度(℃)    口模比(l∶t)
  差差差良良良良   250250250125125125125     3.23.22.24.82.14.82.1     176182183181181174177     20∶120∶120∶126∶126∶14∶14∶1
              表2
     加工温度对带的性能的影响
 表面光洁度    温度(℃)   M.F.I.g.10min-1   拉伸强度(MPa) 断裂伸长率(%)
    差良差差差     200215230245260   3.03.23.42.82.9     11.312.712.611.111.7     90115958565
              表3口模成型段长度对表面光洁度的影响
 表面光洁度     温度℃    M.F.I.g.10min-1    口模比l∶t
  差差中/良     176176176     2.72.72.7     20∶17∶12∶1

Claims (5)

1.用聚烯烃与空心微球体填料组成的复合材料进行挤塑以制造具有光滑表面的带和薄片的方法,其特征是挤塑所用口模的成型段长度与厚度之比(l∶t)小于7∶1。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中口模比l∶t至多为5∶1。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中挤塑温度至多为215℃。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中口模厚度为1~10毫米,口模宽度为10~100毫米。
5.按照以上权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中聚烯烃为聚丙烯,微球体是一种无机玻璃。
CN93107280A 1992-06-19 1993-06-18 聚烯烃/填料复合材料挤塑成型方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1039209C (zh)

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FR2732974B1 (fr) * 1995-04-11 1997-05-16 Atochem Elf Sa Bande comportant une matiere polymerique chargee de microspheres creuses (mousse)
IT1282373B1 (it) * 1996-01-31 1998-03-20 Montell Nort America Inc Composizione poliolefinica per il rivestimento di metalli con spruzzaggio a fiamma
US6103152A (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-08-15 3M Innovative Properties Co. Articles that include a polymer foam and method for preparing same
US6630531B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2003-10-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesive for bonding to low surface energy surfaces
US20030211308A1 (en) 2001-02-02 2003-11-13 Khandpur Ashish K Adhesive for bonding to low surface energy surfaces
SE0201129L (sv) 2002-04-16 2003-10-17 Borealis Tech Oy Syntaktisk polyolefinkomposition för rörbeläggnin g
JP2007517128A (ja) * 2003-12-30 2007-06-28 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 充填複合材
CN100384941C (zh) * 2005-04-16 2008-04-30 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 树脂/玻璃空心微珠复合材料及其制备方法
EP2379933B1 (en) 2008-12-22 2018-05-16 ShawCor Ltd. Wrappable styrenic pipe insulations
DE102009013872B4 (de) * 2009-03-17 2018-02-22 Oleksandr Gitelman Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärme- und Feuchtigkeitsisolierung von Medienrohren mit einem sekundären Polyamidschaum
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AU659314B2 (en) 1995-05-11
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CA2098792A1 (en) 1993-12-20
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CN1082485A (zh) 1994-02-23
DE69307027T2 (de) 1997-06-26

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