CN103919077A - Seed-melon full powder and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Seed-melon full powder and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103919077A CN103919077A CN201410197260.2A CN201410197260A CN103919077A CN 103919077 A CN103919077 A CN 103919077A CN 201410197260 A CN201410197260 A CN 201410197260A CN 103919077 A CN103919077 A CN 103919077A
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- seed melon
- melon
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- full powder
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/01—Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparing method of seed-melon full powder. The preparing method comprises the steps that seeds and peel of a seed melon are removed; ascorbic acid solutions or citric acid solutions or mixed solutions of ascorbic acid and citric acid are heated to 90-100 DEG C, melon slices are placed in the heated mixed solutions for color protection and precooking for 3-5 min; after cooling, the seed-melon puree is obtained through pulping; an abrasive disk gap is adjusted to be 20-50 microns for glue abrading; 3%-10% of isomaltooligosacharide, 0.05%-0.2% of citric acid, 30%-60% of maltodextrin of soluble solid in material liquid and 3%-10% of honey are added into the solutions to be stirred; mixed puree liquid is pressed by 25-40 Mpa for homogeneity; pasteurization is adopted, and when the pasteurization time is 10-15 min, the pasteurization temperature is 60-70 DEG C; a spray dryer is adopted for drying, and the condition is that the air inlet temperature is 170-180 DEG C, the exhaust air temperature is 78-87 DEG C, and the water content of dried materials is equal to or lower than 5%, and therefore the seed-melon full powder is prepared.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruits and vegetables powder processing preparing technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology's with low sugar, low fat, the full powder of seed melon low in calories technical field.
Background technology
Fruits and vegetables is the important sources of the daily desired nutritional elements of people such as vitamin, mineral matter and dietary fiber.Fruits and vegetables have stronger region and seasonality, and results are concentrated, the listing phase is short, as can not be sold in time, preserve and processing, because its high moisture content easily causes rotting.The average loss rate of China's fresh fruit is 20%～30%, and the vegetables proportion of goods damageds are 30%～40%, cause the huge wasting of resources and economic loss.China's garden stuff processing conversion ratio less than 15%, greatly differs from each other with international developed country garden stuff processing conversion ratio (being greater than 60%), so China in urgent need to be improved fruits and vegetables intensive processing level improves raw material availability to promote the fast development of fruits and vegetables industry.
China's fruit total storage accounts for the more than 25% of total output, and commercialization treating capacity is about 10%, and fruit process change ability is about 6%, and vegetables process change ability is about 10%.The postharvest fruit and vegetable proportion of goods damageds are down to 25%～30%, have substantially realized north and south allocation and transportation and the long run supply of large fruits and vegetables commodity.The deep processing such as Juice and fruit and vegetable tin industry has also obtained significant progress, has stepped into the new historical stage.Because China's fruit and vegetable processing industry is started late, reduction after producing increment engineering and technological research and exploitation, and industrialized development seriously lags behind, make fruit and vegetable processing industry aggregate level than developed country backward nearly 20 years, and lag behind the growth requirement of self industry.The problems such as at present, China's fruits and vegetables resource utilization is lower, and process technology level and process equipment fall behind, and the many and added value of rough-wrought product is low, are restricting China's fruit and vegetable processing industry and agriculture overall development all the time.
Traditional garden stuff processing method, as drying, pickle the consumption demand that has been difficult to meet market demand and people with canning etc.It is a kind of new trend occurring in recent years that fresh fruit of vegetables is directly processed into fruits and vegetables powder.
The production of domestic fruits and vegetables powder is just at the early-stage, and the working condition of fruits and vegetables powder processing enterprise is simple, and the fruits and vegetables powder kind of Development and Production is little, and product is coarse, local flavor is inferior, and fruits and vegetables powder particles is larger, affects mouthfeel when use.The processing of fruits and vegetables powder is to adopt the method for pulverizing after heated-air drying mostly, when powder process, due to the excess Temperature of material, has destroyed nutritional labeling, color and luster and the local flavor of product, even produces burnt burnt taste.In addition, part fruits and vegetables powder is adopt spraying to be dried and obtain, and this technique flour extraction is low, makes price higher, and market application is limited.
Seed melon has become the important industrial crops in Xinjiang at present, and particularly in recent years, because domestic and international market increases seed melon seeds demand, seed melon cultivated area has considerable scale.Within 2009, Xinjiang seed melon cultivated area has reached more than 320 ten thousand mu, and full boundary is executed respectively and built seed melon base on Altay, Tacheng, Yi Li, Changji and other places, and Altay Prefecture has also set up thousand mu of Demonstration Bases of seed melon.The domestic report of the research to seed melon is comparatively rare, only has pair seed melon byproduct comprehensive to utilize the problem of present situation and existence, the report of Xinjiang seed melon main breed Analysis of Nutritive Composition comparison, and the research of a small amount of seed melon juice compound beverage.
Current, its seed is got in seed Gua Changua district, stir-fry and eat the primary raw material of goods as processing, and seed melon seeds only accounts for 5% left and right of seed melon gross weight, its melon pulp, melon skin are not all utilized, and all abandon as refuse, have caused the great wasting of resources, also destroyed the ecological balance in farmland, and caused melon disease and pest simultaneously.Melon pulp and melon skin to the seed melon being dropped are carried out comprehensive utilization, are developed to processing seed melon series of products, can improve the utilization rate of resource, increase melon grower's income, promote agriculture sustainable development.So, how to utilize these melon pulp being dropped and melon skins, making it turns waste into wealth, significant to the development of seed melon industry.
Summary of the invention
For the low situation of existing Xinjiang seed melon utilization rate, ubiquity melon pulp, melon skin are not all utilized, abandon in field, cause seed melon utilization ratio low, and for causing parasitosis evil, melon patch pollution leaves hidden danger, how to retain to greatest extent seed melon nutritive value with preparation, the preparation that combines with formula for a product by preparation technology has the full powder of seed melon of blood lipid-reducing blood sugar-decreasing effect simultaneously.The present invention aims to provide full powder of a seed melon and preparation method thereof, the full powder of seed melon of preparation has good processing characteristics, trophic function and physiologically active, meet the propensity to consume of current " natural, healthy, nutrition, safety ", there is obvious low sugar, low fat, characteristic low in calories simultaneously, the full powder blood lipid-reducing blood sugar-decreasing of seed melon effect of preparing through scientific experiment is remarkable, has the using value of extensive reality.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Taking seed melon as raw material, after cleaning, plane partly removes seed, through protecting dry low sugar, low in calories, the full powder of seed melon with health care made of look, making beating, allotment, homogeneous, sterilizing, concentrated, spraying, and draw the optimised process working condition of this product and controlled parameter, retain to greatest extent the effective flavor components in seed melon, the full powder of seed melon of preparation has obvious low sugar, low fat, low in calories, detect through application, the present invention adopts and determines that the full powder of seed melon prepared by a whole set of process of preparing has significant blood lipid-reducing blood sugar-decreasing effect, is with a wide range of applications.
The present invention specifically provides the preparation method of the full powder of a seed melon, and concrete preparation method is as follows:
(1) select fresh, without the seed melon of disease and pest, soak with clear water, and then water cleans melon body, remove the remains of pesticide and the silt that are attached on melon body, seed melon is cut to half, is removed seed, be cut into the approximately sheet of 0.5～1.0cm.
(2), by 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid or 0.1%～0.5% citric acid solution or 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid and citric acid mixed solution, the green tea produced in Anhui Province that add step (1) to cut, keep 5～15min to protect look.
(3) above-mentioned steps (2) is broken into thick slurry through the seed melon beater that protects look, then drop into immediately in colloid mill levigately, abrasive disk space is adjusted to 20～50um, and glue mill is once or once.
(4) adopt 80 order slurry slag separators to filter through the slurry of colloid mill above-mentioned steps (3), the materials such as crude fibre are separated with seed melon juice.
(5) thick slag is carried out to vacuum freeze drying, the first stage is pre-freeze technique, and pre-freeze temperature is-15～-35 DEG C, and the pre-freeze time is 2～6h, and it is 5～20mm that material is loaded thickness; Second stage is the vacuum drying stage, sets dryness storehouse operating pressure, and vacuum is 20～120 Pa, in the distillation heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 40～60 DEG C, resolves the heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 65～80 DEG C, and the seed melon material of pre-freeze is dried.
(6) break up, after ultramicro grinding, be together recovered to Ji Fencang.
(7) pressure homogeneous in homogenizer of seed melon slurries 25～40Mpa step (4) being separated, one to three time, pulp fibers is organized finer and smoother and even, be conducive to the stable of end product quality and local flavor.
(8) adopt cryogenic vacuum concentrated, concentrated condition is: 45～50 DEG C, vacuum 10～13kPa, is reached for suitable 55～60% to concentrate rear slurry solid content.
(9) ultrahigh-temperature sterilization (UHT), pump into rapidly high-temperature instantaneous sterilization device and quickly heat up to seed melon juice temperature to reach sterilization temperature be 120 DEG C～130 DEG C, the time is 3～6 seconds, can reach the object of sterilization, heat time is short, prevents the seed melon generation bad smell that is heated.
(10) adopt spray dryer to be dried, condition is: 170～180 DEG C of EATs, 78～85 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, drying aid (maltodextrin, beta-schardinger dextrin-) addition be in seed melon slurries soluble solid quality 30%～60%, material moisture≤5% after dry, the dry seed melon xeraphium of preparing obtains spraying.
(11) mix two kinds of seed melon xeraphiums that dry technology obtains, the seed melon xeraphium that in (6) step collection powder storehouse prepared by vacuum freeze drying and the dry seed melon xeraphium making of step (10) spraying are collected together.
(12) composite: add seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20% are uniformly mixed rapidly in Universalpulverizer, obtain the full powder of seed melon.
(13) packaging, makes the full powder product of seed melon.
The invention provides the full powder of a seed melon, the full powder of seed melon is by lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20%, and seed melon xeraphium 62%～83% composition, obtains by the above-mentioned preparation technology who provides.
In the present invention, in the middle of the full powder experimental formula of design seed melon, probe into respectively lecithin, Arabic gum, the impact of isomalto-oligosaccharide Different adding amount on the full powder brew of seed melon.On the basis of experiment of single factor, carry out orthogonal experiment, and the full powder of seed melon after allotment is carried out to brew mensuration, and give Comprehensive Assessment in conjunction with sensory evaluation.Structural state adopts water content, apparent density evaluation; Brew adopts measures solubility, wetability, mobility, and has or not agglomerate, precipitation evaluation after reconstituting in conjunction with observation; Color and luster is measured with colour examining colour-difference-metre; The full powder sense organ evaluating meter of design seed melon, the full powder of seed melon after reconstituting is carried out to sensory evaluation marking, thereby finally determine the full powder allotment of best seed melon provided by the invention scheme: seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20%.
In the present invention, under the low temperature of employing, evaporate, can save mass energy.Meanwhile, avoid seed melon juice to be subject to thermally labile, cause destruction and the loss of composition, preserved better nutritional labeling and the fragrance of raw material, keep the full powder product of seed melon nutritional labeling, active ingredient and local flavor.Particularly the material such as some amino acid, flavonoids, phenol, biostearin, can prevent from being heated and destroy, and for larger materials of viscosity such as some carbohydrates, protein, pectin, mucilaginous substances, low-temperature evaporation can prevent material coking.
In the present invention, the rate of drying adopting is fast, seed melon feed liquid is in hot-air flow, moment just can be evaporated the moisture content of 95%-98%, completes and only needs the several seconds drying time, is specially adapted to the dry of heat sensitive material, be that dry run material heated time is short, material temperature is low, the activity of bioactivator can retain well, and product grain degree is little and even, has good dispersiveness and instant capacity.Production process is simplified, convenient operation and control.Liquid energy primary drying for water capacity 40%～60% (special material can reach 90%) becomes powder and granule products, after being dried, does not need to pulverize and screening, reduces production process, improves product purity.To product cut size, bulk density, moisture content, can adjust by changing operating condition within the specific limits, and control and management is all very convenient.
In the present invention, the ultramicro grinding of employing, obtains the superfine powder that particle diameter is evenly distributed, and has increased to a great extent the specific area of micro mist simultaneously, makes the also corresponding increase such as adsorptivity, dissolubility.The present invention utilizes ultramicro grinding to retain to greatest extent the bioactive ingredients of seed melon powder, and the whole nutritional labelings in seed melon are more easily directly absorbed by human body stomach.
In the present invention, adopt in seed melon powder formula and select isomalto-oligosaccharide, Arabic gum, lecithin.The mixture that isomalto-oligosaccharide is made up of the carbohydrate of different polymerization degree, directly enters and in large intestine, is preferably Bifidobacterium and utilizes, thus, isomalto-oligosaccharide is the MF of Bifidobacterium, the Oilgosaccharkdes of conventionally saying, beneficial bacterium in energy high efficiently multiplying enteron aisle, is also referred to as prebiotics; Stimulate intestines peristalsis, stop the invasion of pernicious bacteria, treat constipation thereby reach anti-, suppress the propagation of harmful intestinal tract flora, improve intestinal environment and protection enteron aisle; In addition, as a kind of good water-soluble dietary fiber, can effectively reduce the quantity of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty, have a better role for a series of angiocardiopathies such as the hypertension, the artery sclerosis etc. that cause because blood fat is high.Arabic gum has the advantages that sugariness is low, energy is low, for human body provides water-soluble dietary fiber, and has emulsibility, anti-crystallization, can improve the stability after product reconstitutes; Lecithin has the trophic functions such as brain tonic and intelligence development, reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol, is again natural nonionic amphoteric surfactant, has good emulsibility, diffusivity and wellability, in the full powder nutrition of balanced seed melon, improves product brew.
What the present invention adopted protects look, vacuum freeze drying, spraying is dry, although the technological means such as ultramicro grinding be unable to do without support and the inspiration of prior art, but utilize seed melon skin flesh to prepare palatability for the object of the invention is discarded, functional and seed melon is prepared full powder as primary raw material, from water content, apparent density, brew, solubility, wetability, technical factor comprehensive consideration and the designs such as mobility, in the preparation method of the full powder of seed melon provided by the invention, each sport technique segment has upper and lower one, any technical step is indispensable, tight indivisible feature, can not any choice dismember technical step wherein.The present invention is because the inharmonious taste of selecting seed melon skin flesh self is consistent with self functional demand, need a kind of suitable preparation technology and the formula Design of preparing the full powder of seed melon, utilize the Integration Design of technological means, reasonably by seed melon skin, flesh, melon meat and definite isomalto-oligosaccharide of selecting, Arabic gum, lecithin taste merges gives the distinctive mouthfeel of full powder and functional, need to be by adopting rational technique preparation and suitable full powder component compatibility to there is important effect for obtaining better mouthfeel with the product of giving nutritive value, for those of ordinary skills, not by the test of science, reasonably science assembly, can not arbitrarily adopt common full powder, preparation method thereof and random composition combination to obtain and the invention provides peculiar mouthfeel and the full powder of functional seed melon, the contrary product that can not even can not be become consumer's acceptance or need hypoglycemic effect by eating that easily prepares, the change of the change of above-mentioned sport technique segment or the variation of technical parameter and product component all can bring the unstable and product defects of the quality of the full powder of seed melon, can not prepare the present invention and there is hypoglycemic effect by special process and the full powder of formula acquisition seed melon, the full powder of seed melon that the present invention confirms preparation by the test of rat high glucose and high fat is to diabetic, obesity patient and people to lose weight have therapeutic action.This selects be the present invention according to prior art by continuous scientific research and many times experiment draw the full powder of preparation seed melon provided by the invention, the full powder of seed melon prepared by the present invention has following typical quality index and corresponding functional parameter:
(1) moisture 2%～4%, prevented from caking, is difficult for crystallization, easily reconstitutes, and mobility is 8.5cm～9.5cm, and wetability is 100s～120s.
(2) balanced in nutrition, retain original flavor, be rich in the multiple nutrients materials such as dietary fiber, polysaccharide, protein, amino acid, vitamin, wherein dietary fiber 1.2g/100g, vitamin C reaches 5.5g～7.0g/100g.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, can reach following effect:
(1) waste effectively utilization, raw materials for production cost is low.Raw materials for production used are seed melon accessory substance, and it is with low cost, and wide material sources have been realized and having been turned waste into wealth, and take full advantage of seed melon resource.Use the inventive method that seed melon skin flesh byproduct is turned waste into wealth, improve product specification and added value, lengthening manufacturing chain, has increased the comprehensive benefit of industry.
(2) the present invention is by the full powder preparation technique of seed melon, and obtaining overall appearance is flaxen seed melon powder, has good processing characteristics, trophic function and physiologically active, meets the propensity to consume of current " natural, healthy, nutrition, safety ".In allotment, add isomalto-oligosaccharide, both can be used as water-soluble dietary fiber, balanced nutritious, can improve again the brew of product; Arabic gum has the advantages that sugariness is low, energy is low, for human body provides water-soluble dietary fiber, and has emulsibility, anti-crystallization, can improve the stability after product reconstitutes; Lecithin has the trophic functions such as brain tonic and intelligence development, anti-dementia, anti-aging, reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol, it is again natural nonionic amphoteric surfactant, there is good emulsibility, diffusivity and wellability, in the full powder nutrition of balanced seed melon, improve product brew.Design various tastes, composite with pumpkin powder.At present less about the research of fruits and vegetables composite powder, generally all study as main taking single powder, in production, in order to make up the defect of a certain fruits and vegetables on nutrition, color and luster or local flavor, several fruits and vegetables can be mixed to processing.Consider that in seed melon, dietary fiber is less, can add pumpkin powder composite, add 25%～40% pumpkin powder to increase in dietary fiber content and the dry seed melon powder out of protein content spraying, mix through vibration, screening and can pack.
(3) the present invention is by a series of high-new food processing technologies to Xinjiang seed seed melon accessory substance, finally be prepared into the full powder of seed melon, product has obvious low sugar, low fat, characteristic low in calories, and the full powder blood lipid-reducing blood sugar-decreasing of seed melon effect of preparing through scientific experiment is remarkable, has the using value of extensive reality.For seed melon xeraphium and the composite full powder design of seed melon rat functions of reducing sugar and reducing fat experimental verification, the full powder hypoglycemic of the seed melon aspect of proved invention preparation, illustrate that the ingesting intervention including seed melon xeraphium and the full powder of seed melon can significantly reduce body weight and the weightening finish of nutritive obesity in rats, the adjustment best results that seed melon xeraphium, the full powder of seed melon are ingested in conjunction with low fat.Aspect lipopenicillinase, illustrate and comprise that seed melon powder and diet adjustment can all significantly reduce TC, LDL-C content in rat body, improve HDL-C content, effectively improve blood lipid level in rat body; Seed melon xeraphium and the full powder of seed melon all the rising effect of the reduction to TG content in rat body and HDL-C content are better than diet adjustment.Reach a conclusion by rat functional experiment: seed melon xeraphium provided by the invention and all have hypoglycemic effect by the composite full powder of seed melon obtaining of seed melon xeraphium, has auxiliary therapeutic action to diabetic, obesity patient and people to lose weight.
(4) preserve the natural fragrance local flavor of seed melon.Also do not have and relate to about the research report of seed melon fragrance component at present.Different processing technologys is very large on the impact of seed melon flavor substances.SPME Sampling techniques being widely used in analysis of aroma components, in the present invention, adopt test application SPME/GC-MS to the full powder fragrance component extraction of seed melon, determine fragrance component in flavor substance, each process operation main points of the full powder of seed melon are controlled, thereby ensured that the flavor substance in seed melon is at utmost retained.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the full powder preparation technique flow chart of seed melon.
Detailed description of the invention
, for embodiment, the present invention is described below, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.In addition, in the test of following each embodiment is described, without special instruction, % all refers to mass percent, by m/m.
Instrument and equipment: beater, colloid mill, homogenizer, sterilizer, spray drying device, vacuum refrigeration equipment, electronic balance (0.001g), HP8453 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Hewlett-Packard), J2-HS ultrahigh speed refrigerated centrifuge (BECKMA II company), HH-6 digital display thermostat water bath (Changzhou Guohua Electric Appliance Co., Ltd.), disscting instrument etc.
Reagent adopts: seed melon is commercial; Citric acid, vitamin C, maltodextrin, beta-schardinger dextrin-, isomalto-oligosaccharide, Arabic gum, lecithin etc. are commercially available.
All reagent, instrument, the raw and auxiliary material in the present invention, selected are all well known selecting, but do not limit enforcement of the present invention, and other reagent more well known in the art and equipment are all applicable to the enforcement of the following embodiment of the present invention.
embodiment mono-: the preparation of the full powder of seed melon
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, the concrete preparation method of the full powder of seed melon is as follows:
(1) select fresh, without the seed melon of disease and pest, soak with clear water, and then water cleans melon body, remove the remains of pesticide and the silt that are attached on melon body, seed melon is cut to half, is removed seed, be cut into the approximately sheet of 0.5～1.0cm.
(2) by 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid or 0.1%～0.5% citric acid solution or, ascorbic acid and citric acid, the green tea produced in Anhui Province that add step (1) to cut, keep 5～15min to protect look.
(3) above-mentioned steps (2) is broken into thick slurry through the seed melon beater that protects look, then drop into immediately in colloid mill levigately, abrasive disk space is adjusted to 20～50um, and glue mill is once or once.
(4) adopt 80 order slurry slag separators to filter through the slurry of colloid mill above-mentioned steps (3), the materials such as crude fibre are separated with seed melon juice.
(5) thick slag is carried out to vacuum freeze drying, the first stage is pre-freeze technique, and pre-freeze temperature is-15～-35 DEG C, and the pre-freeze time is 2～6h, and it is 5～20mm that material is loaded thickness; Second stage is the vacuum drying stage, sets dryness storehouse operating pressure, and vacuum is 20～120 Pa, in the distillation heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 40～60 DEG C, resolves the heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 65～80 DEG C, and the seed melon material of pre-freeze is dried.
(6) break up, after ultramicro grinding, be together recovered to Ji Fencang.
(7) pressure homogeneous in homogenizer of seed melon slurries 25～40Mpa step (4) being separated, one to three time, pulp fibers is organized finer and smoother and even, be conducive to the stable of end product quality and local flavor.
(8) adopt cryogenic vacuum concentrated, concentrated condition is: 45～50 DEG C, vacuum 10～13kPa, is reached for suitable 55～60% to concentrate rear slurry solid content.
(9) ultrahigh-temperature sterilization (UHT), pump into rapidly high-temperature instantaneous sterilization device and quickly heat up to seed melon juice temperature to reach sterilization temperature be 120 DEG C～130 DEG C, the time is 3～6 seconds, can reach the object of sterilization, heat time is short, prevents the seed melon generation bad smell that is heated.
(10) adopt spray dryer to be dried, condition is: 170～180 DEG C of EATs, 78～85 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, drying aid (maltodextrin, beta-schardinger dextrin-) addition be in seed melon slurries soluble solid quality 30%～60%, material moisture≤5% after dry, the dry seed melon xeraphium of preparing obtains spraying.
(11) mix two kinds of seed melon xeraphiums that dry technology obtains, together with the seed melon xeraphium that in (6) step collection powder storehouse prepared by vacuum freeze drying is collected with the dry seed melon xeraphium making of step (10) spraying.
(12) composite design experiment of single factor, probes into respectively lecithin, Arabic gum, the impact of isomalto-oligosaccharide Different adding amount on the full powder brew of seed melon.On the basis of experiment of single factor, carry out three factor orthogonal experiments, and the full powder of seed melon after allotment is carried out to brew mensuration, and give Comprehensive Assessment in conjunction with sensory evaluation.Structural state adopts water content, apparent density evaluation; Brew adopts measures solubility, wetability, mobility, and has or not agglomerate, precipitation evaluation after reconstituting in conjunction with observation; Color and luster is measured with colour examining colour-difference-metre; The full powder sense organ evaluating meter of design seed melon, carries out sensory evaluation marking to the full powder of seed melon after reconstituting, thereby finally determines best allotment scheme; Add seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20% are uniformly mixed rapidly in Universalpulverizer, obtain the full powder of seed melon.
(13) packaging, makes the full powder product of seed melon.
embodiment bis-: the preparation of the full powder of seed melon
Select seed melon to soak, clean through clear water, seed melon is cut to half, removed seed, be cut into the sheet of about 0.5cm; Add 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid solution, keep 5min to protect look; Levigate by dropping into immediately in colloid mill after the seed melon beater that protects look breaks into thick slurry, abrasive disk space is adjusted to 20um, adopts 80 order slurry slag separators to filter through the slurry of colloid mill, and the materials such as crude fibre are separated with seed melon juice; Thick slag is carried out to vacuum freeze drying, and the first stage is pre-freeze technique, and pre-freeze temperature is-15 DEG C, and the pre-freeze time is 2h, and it is 5mm that material is loaded thickness; Second stage is the vacuum drying stage, set dryness storehouse operating pressure, be that vacuum is 20 Pa, the distillation heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 40 DEG C, resolve the heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 65 DEG C, after the seed melon material of pre-freeze is dried, obtains seed melon powder through ultramicro grinding; The seed melon slurries pressure of 25Mpa homogeneous one to three time in homogenizer will be separated; Employing cryogenic vacuum is concentrated, and concentrated condition is: 45 DEG C, vacuum 10kPa, is reached for suitable 55% to concentrate rear slurry solid content; Adopt ultrahigh-temperature sterilization, pump into rapidly high-temperature instantaneous sterilization device and quickly heat up to seed melon juice temperature to reach sterilization temperature be 120 DEG C, the time is 3～6 seconds; Adopt spray dryer to be dried, condition is: 170 DEG C of EATs, 78 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, selecting maltodextrin is drying aid, addition be in seed melon slurries soluble solid quality 30%, dry after material moisture≤5%, the seed melon xeraphium of the dry preparation that obtains spraying; Mix the seed melon xeraphium that two kinds of dry technologies obtain; According to seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20% assembly are uniformly mixed rapidly after ultramicro grinding, prepare the full powder of seed melon.
embodiment tri-: the preparation of the full powder of seed melon
Select seed melon to soak, clean through clear water, seed melon is cut to half, removed seed, be cut into the sheet of about 1.0cm; Add 0.1%～0.5% citric acid solution, keep 15min to protect look; Levigate by dropping into immediately in colloid mill after the seed melon beater that protects look breaks into thick slurry, abrasive disk space is adjusted to 50um, adopts 80 order slurry slag separators to filter through the slurry of colloid mill, and the materials such as crude fibre are separated with seed melon juice; Thick slag is carried out to vacuum freeze drying, and the first stage is pre-freeze technique, and pre-freeze temperature is-35 DEG C, and the pre-freeze time is 6h, and it is 20mm that material is loaded thickness; Second stage is the vacuum drying stage, set dryness storehouse operating pressure, be that vacuum is 120 Pa, the distillation heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 60 DEG C, resolve the heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 80 DEG C, after the seed melon material of pre-freeze is dried, obtains seed melon powder through ultramicro grinding; The seed melon slurries pressure of 40Mpa homogeneous one to three time in homogenizer will be separated; Employing cryogenic vacuum is concentrated, and concentrated condition is: 50 DEG C, vacuum 13kPa, is reached for suitable 60% to concentrate rear slurry solid content; Adopt ultrahigh-temperature sterilization, pump into rapidly high-temperature instantaneous sterilization device and quickly heat up to seed melon juice temperature to reach sterilization temperature be 130 DEG C, the time is 3～6 seconds; Adopt spray dryer to be dried, condition is: 180 DEG C of EATs, 85 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, selecting beta-schardinger dextrin-is drying aid, addition be in seed melon slurries soluble solid quality 30%～60%, dry after material moisture≤5%, the seed melon xeraphium of the dry preparation that obtains spraying; Mix the seed melon xeraphium that two kinds of dry technologies obtain; According to seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20% assembly are uniformly mixed rapidly after ultramicro grinding, prepare the full powder of seed melon.
embodiment tetra-: the preparation of the full powder of seed melon
Select seed melon to soak, clean through clear water, seed melon is cut to half, removed seed, be cut into the sheet of about 0.7cm; Add 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid and citric acid, keep 5～15min to protect look; Levigate by dropping into immediately in colloid mill after the seed melon beater that protects look breaks into thick slurry, abrasive disk space is adjusted to 20～50um, adopts 80 order slurry slag separators to filter through the slurry of colloid mill, and the materials such as crude fibre are separated with seed melon juice; Thick slag is carried out to vacuum freeze drying, and the first stage is pre-freeze technique, and pre-freeze temperature is-15～-35 DEG C, and the pre-freeze time is 2～6h, and it is 5～20mm that material is loaded thickness; Second stage is the vacuum drying stage, set dryness storehouse operating pressure, be that vacuum is 20～120 Pa, the distillation heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 40～60 DEG C, resolve the heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 65～80 DEG C, after the seed melon material of pre-freeze is dried, obtains seed melon powder through ultramicro grinding; By the pressure of separating seed melon slurries 25～40Mpa homogeneous one to three time in homogenizer; Employing cryogenic vacuum is concentrated, and concentrated condition is: 45～50 DEG C, vacuum 10～13kPa, is reached for suitable 55～60% to concentrate rear slurry solid content; Adopt ultrahigh-temperature sterilization, pump into rapidly high-temperature instantaneous sterilization device and quickly heat up to seed melon juice temperature to reach sterilization temperature be 120 DEG C～130 DEG C, the time is 3～6 seconds; Adopt spray dryer to be dried, condition is: 170～180 DEG C of EATs, 78～85 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, selecting maltodextrin or beta-schardinger dextrin-is drying aid, addition be in seed melon slurries soluble solid quality 30%～60%, material moisture≤5% after dry, the dry seed melon xeraphium of preparing obtains spraying; Mix the seed melon xeraphium that two kinds of dry technologies obtain; According to seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20% assembly are uniformly mixed rapidly after ultramicro grinding, prepare the full powder of seed melon.
embodiment five: the selection of the full powder raw material of seed melon
Research shows, seed melon is rich in multivitamin and various trace elements, is shown in Table 1.In seed melon, Vitamin C content is higher than Vitamin C content in watermelon, be 2.5 times of Vitamin C content in apple, and heat is not as good as 1/6th of watermelon, not as good as 1/10th of apple, is shown in Table 2.This shows, seed melon is the edible fruits of a kind of low sugar, low fat, low in calories, homovitamin C.In seed melon, also contain in addition the materials such as 15 seed amino acids such as abundant phenylalanine, asparatate, citrulling, be shown in Table 3.
Table 1: seed melon nutrient component meter (every 100g seed melon)
| Protein | 0.2 (gram) | Riboflavin | 0.03 (milligram) | Magnesium | 2.8 (milligrams) |
| Fat | 0.3 (gram) | Nicotinic acid | 0.1 (milligram) | Iron | 0 (milligram) |
| Carbohydrate | 0.1 (gram) | Vitamin C | 10 (milligrams) | Calcium | 2.2 (milligrams) |
| Dietary fiber | 0.5 (gram) | Vitamin E | 0 (milligram) | Zinc | 0 (milligram) |
| Vitamin A | 0 (microgram) | Cholesterol | 0 (milligram) | Copper | 0 (milligram) |
| Carotene | 0.2 (microgram) | Potassium | 62.3 (milligrams) | Phosphorus | 1.4 (milligrams) |
| Retinol equivalent | 98.7 (micrograms) | Sodium | 0 (milligram) | Selenium | 0 (microgram) |
Table 2: seed melon and other fruit part nutritional labeling contrast table (/ 100g)
| Composition | Seed melon | Watermelon | Apple | Pears | Banana |
| Heat/kilocalorie | 4 | 25 | 52 | 44 | 91 |
| Carbohydrate/g | 0.1 | 5.5 | 12 | 10 | 20 |
| Fat/g | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Protein/g | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 |
| Calcium/mg | 2.2 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 7 |
| Iron/mg | 0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Dietary fiber/g | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 |
| Carrotene/mg | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.6 |
| Retinol equivalent | 98.7 | 93.3 | 85.9 | 85.6 | 75.8 |
| VC/mg | 10 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
| VE/mg | 0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 |
| Riboflavin/mg | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Nicotinic acid/mg | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Table 3: seed melon aminoacid ingredient table (every 100g seed melon juice)
| Test item | No. 1, new seed melon | Sheet in Inner Mongol | Osaka, Lanzhou |
| Glutamic acid/(g/100g) | 19.8 | 4.64 | 7.59 |
| Serine/(g/100g) | 2.36 | 0.96 | 0 |
| Glycine/(g/100g) | 3.54 | 1.22 | 1.67 |
| Histidine/(g/100g) | 4.31 | 1.16 | 1.62 |
| Arginine/(g/100g) | 10.57 | 2.66 | 3.79 |
| Threonine/(g/100g) | 6.82 | 1.29 | 2.51 |
| Alanine/(g/100g) | 1.24 | 0.29 | 0.33 |
| Proline/(g/100g) | 3.3 | 1.12 | 0.65 |
| Tyrosine/(g/100g) | 1.27 | 0.67 | 0.52 |
| Valine/(g/100g) | 2.13 | 0.56 | 1.01 |
| Methionine/(g/100g) | 0.71 | 0.13 | 0.5 |
| Cystine/(g/100g) | 3.3 | 0.38 | 0.96 |
| Isoleucine/(g/100g) | 2.32 | 0.58 | 0.85 |
| Leucine/(g/100g) | 2.1 | 0.48 | 0.65 |
| Phenylalanine/(g/100g) | 3.09 | 2.63 | 3.03 |
| Lysine/(g/100g) | 2.05 | 0.51 | 1.21 |
| Asparatate/(g/100g) | 11.65 | 6.09 | 4.48 |
| Tryptophan/(g/100g) | 1.93 | 1.19 | 1.1 |
Seed melon is warm in nature, has eaten relieving summer-heat summer, has eaten warm stomach moistening lung winter, preventing cold, and the relieving alcoholism of sobering up, reconciles balance human body anti pathologic immunity power, has warm stomach dispelling cold, grows tender skin, the effect such as clear kidney toxin expelling.Through assay, nutritious and comprehensive in seed melon juice, rare multiple natural complex, complete sequence amino acid, the active function factor, alkaloid, citrulling, polypeptide vegetable protein lyase and various trace elements.Eight kinds of essential amino acids that can not synthesize in human body, and trace elements K, sodium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, cobalt etc. all contain in seed melon juice.Modern medicine proves, the function factors such as the group vitamins that contains in seed melon juice, protease, amino acid, polypeptide, selenium, can nurse one's health enhancing immune function of human body, improve human body premunition, and corrosion softening blood vessel, dispels stomach cold, purification body endotoxin.Thereby melon pulp and juice are a kind of good health foods.
The present invention is based on the melon pulp and the melon skin that are dropped, making it turns waste into wealth.Simultaneously, in fruit processing, the loss of aromatic substance is the most scabrous problem running in current world fruit juice process, reduce the loss of aromatic substance, retaining to greatest extent the original local flavor of seed melon is that the maximum that the invention provides the full powder process technology of seed melon scheme is considered, in the time of adjustment and technological operation optimization, need special each procedure of processing of considering to the former zestful change of seed melon.Based on prior art present Research, the present invention, by the full powder of seed melon that adopts technical scheme provided by the invention to prepare, by detecting forming seed melon fragrance component, probes into its flavor substance; The present invention is taking seed melon as raw material, after pretreatment, through protecting, look, making beating, glue mill, homogeneous, glue mill, concentrated, sterilizing, spraying are dry, vacuum freeze drying, ultramicro grinding, the technique such as composite, by the key factor that affects the full powder quality of seed melon, local flavor is carried out to Experimental Research, draw the optimised process working condition of the full powder of seed melon and control parameter, impact is improved to comprehensive utilization ratio and the added value of seed melon byproduct, between its preparation technology, be connected up and down, form organic whole, the full powder of seed melon of preparation has obvious low sugar, low fat, characteristic low in calories.
embodiment six: seed melon xeraphium preparation technology's optimization
(1) determining of color preservation technology parameter
Color and luster is an important indicator evaluating garden stuff processing product quality, easily causes polyphenol oxidase generation brown stain, thereby affect seed melon pink colour pool while processing seed melon raw material.Design the brown stain of following experiment control seed melon juice: probe into different color stabilizers, the impact of different blanching time on seed melon slurries browning degree by experiment of single factor, survey absorbance; The orthogonal test of design Three factors-levels, protects the optimum condition of look to determine that seed melon is squeezed the juice.
1. the protect chromatic effect of ascorbic acid on seed melon juice: investigate the impact of different ascorbic acid concentrations (i.e. 0 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.4 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 0.8 g/L, 1.0 g/L) on seed melon slurries color and luster, using seed melon slurries absorbance as detecting index, absorbance secondary indication seed melon juice browning degree, absorbance is less, illustrate that generation browning degree is less, protect chromatic effect more remarkable.
2. the protect chromatic effect of citric acid on seed melon juice: investigate the impact of different citric acid concentrations (i.e. 0 g/L, 2 g/L, 4 g/L, 6 g/L, 8 g/L, 10 g/L) on seed melon slurries color and luster, using seed melon slurries absorbance as detecting index, absorbance secondary indication seed melon juice browning degree, absorbance is less, illustrate that generation browning degree is less, protect chromatic effect more remarkable.
3. ascorbic acid and citric acid protect chromatic effect jointly: with ascorbic acid concentrations, citric acid concentration, protect the orthogonal experiment that the look time carries out Three factors-levels, to protecting look parameter optimization, determine that the best protects look scheme.
(2) the dry technical study of preparing the full powder of seed melon of spraying
By the each parameter when dry of spraying has been done to detailed research to the impact of spray effect, to reach the drying process with atomizing parameter object of optimizing the full powder of seed melon.
1. the impact of drying aid on seed melon powder quality, determine drying aid: when the drying fruit vegetable materials of spray drying process, can produce glutinous wall situation, the impact of sticky wall when dry for fear of spraying on the full powder quality of seed melon and yield, so add drying aid before spraying is dry in seed melon feed liquid, it is alternative drying aid that maltodextrin, beta-schardinger dextrin-are selected in test.Seed melon solid content and drying aid ratio select respectively 2:8,3:7,4:6, tetra-kinds of ratios of 5:5 to carry out spray drying experiment, spray condition is: 170～180 DEG C of EATs, 80～85 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, rotating speed 35000r/min, charging rate is 28 mL/min.Testing index is aberration (Hunter L value, Hunter b value, Hunter a value), water content, observes the glutinous wall situation of the full powder of seed melon.
2. drying process with atomizing parameter optimization: probe into the impact of drying process with atomizing import and export temperature on the full powder moisture of seed melon and color and luster, survey moisture in the full powder of seed melon, color and luster (Hunter L value, Hunter a value, Hunter b value), observe glutinous wall degree.
3. input concentration is on spray-dired impact: by Vacuum Concentration, seed melon feed liquid is condensed into variable concentrations, sprays dry, survey moisture content, color and luster.
4. the dry response surface experimental design of spraying: application responds face method is carried out the response surface analysis (17 groups of experiments) of three factors to inlet temperature, outlet temperature, material concentration, detect moisture, Hunter L value, Hunter a value, Hunter b value in sample.
(3) vacuum freeze drying is prepared the research of the full powder craft of seed melon: Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology is high with its drying efficiency, the loss of material nutritional labeling less, product rehydration and solute effect is good etc. that advantage is more and more subject to people's attention, and be progressively applied in the processing of some high value added products and go.Carry out Experimental Research to affecting Technological Parameter of Vacuum Freeze Drying, draw vacuum freeze drying optimised process working condition and control parameter.
The full powder vacuum freeze-drying technique of research seed melon, comprises pre-freeze technique and drying process technical process.
(1) research of pre-freeze technique: in vacuum freeze-drying technique, the selection of eutectic temperature and pre-freeze temperature is closely related, due to adding of the solute such as color stabilizer and drying aid in preprocessing process, cause eutectic temperature to reduce, so pre-freeze temperature is lower 5～10 DEG C than seed melon eutectic point.This operating unit carries out respectively experiment of single factor with material filling thickness, pre-freeze time, pre-freeze temperature, measures moisture content, the color and luster of seed melon xeraphium.
(2) research of drying process: vacuum freeze drying is carried out to process parameter optimizing, comprise vacuum, distillation heating-up temperature and resolve the impacts of technological parameter on powder comprehensive evaluation value such as heating-up temperature, analyze by quadratic regression orthogonal test, determine reciprocation and the optimum drying process conditions of parameter.
embodiment seven: determine the improvement of the full powder allotment scheme of seed melon and brew
When powder-product is soluble in water, can form in part a spherical protective layer, stop the dispersing and dissolving of powder in ball, affect the brew of the full powder of seed melon.In addition, powder-product easily lumps, thereby causes product mobility variation, causes deterioration in quality.
In order to improve the quality of products, make product have more competitive advantage on nutrition and taste.Therefore, in seed melon xeraphium, adding by a certain percentage lecithin, Arabic gum, isomalto-oligosaccharide carries out composite.Arabic gum has the advantages that sugariness is low, energy is low, for human body provides water-soluble dietary fiber, and has emulsibility, anti-crystallization, can improve the stability after product reconstitutes.Isomalto-oligosaccharide is a kind of functional oligose, sugariness is low, people to lose weight and diabetic can relievedly eat, and as a kind of good water-soluble dietary fiber, can effectively reduce the quantity of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty, have a better role for a series of angiocardiopathies such as the hypertension, the artery sclerosis etc. that cause because blood fat is high, meet this product low sugar feature, cater to low sugar crowd needs, improve dietary fiber content in product simultaneously, and have with the blood lipid-reducing blood sugar-decreasing effect of product own play the same tune on different musical instruments wonderful.Lecithin has the trophic functions such as brain tonic and intelligence development, anti-dementia, anti-aging, reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol, is again natural nonionic amphoteric surfactant, has good emulsibility, diffusivity and wellability.Therefore, in the full powder of seed melon, add appropriate lecithin and not only make viscosity of sludge diminish, improve the full powder quality of seed melon, can also play the effect of food enrichment.
Design experiment of single factor, probes into respectively lecithin, Arabic gum, the impact of isomalto-oligosaccharide Different adding amount on the full powder brew of seed melon.On the basis of experiment of single factor, carry out three factor orthogonal experiments, and the full powder of seed melon after allotment is carried out to brew mensuration, and give Comprehensive Assessment in conjunction with sensory evaluation.Structural state adopts water content, apparent density evaluation; Brew adopts measures solubility, wetability, mobility, and has or not agglomerate, precipitation evaluation after reconstituting in conjunction with observation; Color and luster is measured with colour examining colour-difference-metre; The full powder sense organ evaluating meter of design seed melon, carries out sensory evaluation marking to the full powder of seed melon after reconstituting, thereby finally determines best allotment scheme.
embodiment eight: the full powder product quality qualification of seed melon of preparation
(1) testing index
(1) mensuration of moisture: with reference to GB 5009.3-2010;
(2) mensuration of ash content: with reference to GB 5009.4-2010;
(3) reduced sugar and total sugar content all adopt direct titrimetric method;
(4) total acidity test adopts 0.1mol/L NaOH titration;
(5) mensuration of fat: with reference to GB/T 5009.6-2003;
(6) protein measuring: with reference to GB 5009.5-2010;
(7) ascorbic mensuration: adopt 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration;
(8) mensuration of sodium: GB/T5009.91-2003;
(9) plumbous mensuration: with reference to GB 5009.12-2010;
(10) mensuration of total arsenic: with reference to GB/T 5009.11-2003;
(11) the mensuration colorimeter measurement of color and luster.
(2) brew index determining
(1) mensuration of solubility: the full powder of 1 g seed melon adds 100 mL water, high-speed stirred 5 min, centrifugal 5 min of 30000 r/min, get supernatant 25 mL, and the shared ratio of dry matter content in supernatant is calculated in 105 DEG C of oven dry.
(2) mensuration of wetability: add 50mL water (25 DEG C) in the culture dish that is 15cm at diameter, then add the full powder of 5g seed melon, measure the full powder of seed melon completely by the time of water-wet.
(3) mensuration of apparent density: the full powder of 20 g seed melon is scattered to 100 mL graduated cylinders from funnel, measures the weight and volume of powder, its apparent density that converts in triplicate (g/cm
3), what after full seed melon powder is compressed repeatedly, record is tight ness rating, what loose shape recorded is bulk density.
(4) mensuration of mobility: fixed funnel makes it keep vertical, spout of funnel (diameter is 1cm) is 8cm left and right from height of table top, clean blank sheet of paper of desktop lay, the full powder of 40g seed melon is added from funnel, measure the base diameter of the full powder of seed melon taper that forms on blank sheet of paper, the size of differentiating the full powder mobility of seed melon by the size of diameter, diameter is larger, and the mobility of the full powder of seed melon is better.
(3) microbiology index
(1) coliform: the method specifying by GB4789.3 is measured;
(2) total plate count is measured: with reference to GB/T4789.2-2003;
(3) moulds and yeasts count: microbiological test of food hygiene GB4789.15-2010.
Through above-mentioned detection, the full powder product of seed melon provided by the invention has following feature:
(1) moisture 2%～4%, prevented from caking, is difficult for crystallization, easily reconstitutes, and mobility is 8.5cm～9.5cm, and wetability is 100s～120s.
(2) balanced in nutrition, retain original flavor, be rich in the multiple nutrients materials such as dietary fiber, polysaccharide, protein, amino acid, vitamin, wherein dietary fiber 1.2g/100g, vitamin C reaches 5.5g～7.0g/100g.
embodiment nine: seed melon xeraphium hypoglycemic effect experiment
Along with people's living standard constantly improves, the incidence of disease of obesity and hyperlipidemia presents the trend rising year by year, therefore, develops efficient, safe fat-reducing and blood fat-reducing product, has become current study hotspot.In recent years, seed melon is showing certain effect aspect fat-reducing and auxiliary antilipemic, but also rarely found about research and the report of seed melon blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing this respect.The impact of the blood fat function of the full powder of seed melon of this experimental study various dose on hyperlipidemia rats.Rat is divided into 5 groups at random, and taking normal feed and high lipid food as control group, basic, normal, high dosage group is fed respectively the seed melon xeraphium of raising varying level (5%, 10%, 15%), measures body weight and lipids aspect index.Confirm by the experiment of rat functions of reducing sugar and reducing fat: seed melon xeraphium has the effect of hypoglycemic and reducing blood lipid.Carry out seed melon xeraphium hypoglycemic and effect for reducing blood fat basic research, for the functional experiment of the follow-up composite full powder of seed melon preparing has done good beginning.
Determining of 1.1 rat models: modeling condition is set up aspect, adopt STZ+ high lipid food method to make type II diabetes rat model, but in modeling process, the analysis of key influence factor mainly concentrates on STZ injection volume and high fat word material proportioning aspect.The particular problems such as the current international selection in high fat nursing time, STZ ID, STZ injection site, rat sex, rat body weight, rat age, also ununified standard, and the design of these aspects is also to affect animal model to become the key factor of mould rate, stability, thereby experimental result is played to important effect.
(1) STZ injection volume aspect: have and studies show that the concentration of the suitable use of single-bolus high-dose injection STZ is 40-60mg/kg, have researcher to think that it is optimal dose that STZ injects 50 mg/kg: multiple low dose injection STZ suitable concentration is 15-20 mg/kg.In conjunction with STZ injection volume in forefathers' research and induction success rate, the dosage that the present invention chooses is 55 mg/kg.
(2) modeling rat sex selection aspect: the researchers such as Morimoto in 2005 find in experiment that sex is chosen in aspect STZ induction diabetes rat film forming and can make a difference and affect.The stability of blood sugar is subject to the impact of experimental rat sex, 14 days glucostasis after male rat lumbar injection STZ, after relative female rats lumbar injection STZ, after 4 weeks, blood sugar is just stable, and follow-up study infers that the rear estrogenic level of growing up can produce certain impact to glycolipid metabolism, therefore selects male mouse modeling to disturb still less subsequent experimental.After the research of Morimoto, domestic researcher has also carried out the research of this direction in a deep going way, the important function that further clear and definite rat sex plays in type II diabetes rat model.Therefore in conjunction with forefathers' research, the present invention's design should select male rat as experimental subjects.
(3) the body weight selection aspect of rat: have researcher that experimental rat is divided with different weight gradient, the preparation of type ii diabetes rat model is carried out in then grouping, result is that body weight is in 160-180g, 181-200g, 201g-220g, 221g-240g, 241g-260g, six groups of rats of 261g-280g, body weight not only becomes mould rate the highest at 220-240g with two groups of rats of 241-260g, and the death rate is extremely low.First this result has embodied rat body weight has certain influence to carrying out of modeling and subsequent experimental, next has shown the accuracy in order to increase experiment, in the experimental design procedure of type ii diabetes rat correlative study, the body weight of rat also should be served as one of considerations.This experiment, before modeling, by regulating the nursing cycle, is tried one's best body weight control in 220-240g and 241-260g two class ranges, thereby is improved modeling success rate, makes experimental result more reliable.The age aspect of rat: forefathers' research relates to rat the susceptibility of STZ is had to age-dependent, and the therefore experimental subjects of modeling, should select adult rat.Compared to young mouse, adult rat modeling has higher success rate.Therefore this experimental subjects, chooses adult rat.Comprehensive every factor that affects modeling success rate, it is male adult rat that the present invention tests the experimental rat of choosing.
(4) before modeling, body weight is controlled within the scope of 220-240g or 241-260g, and STZ injection volume is single intraperitoneal injection 55mg/kg.Due to the regulating action of this experiment fat disorder that mainly research active material causes the concurrent hyperlipidemia of type ii diabetes, therefore experimental technique adopts the method for STZ (induction type ii diabetes)+high lipid food (induction hyperlipidemia), after modeling success, after gastric infusion certain time, using the variation of blood fat, blood sugar level etc. as test index, thereby observe seed melon xeraphium, whether rat body weight, blood sugar level and fat disorder be there is to regulating action.
1.2 reagent: TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C kit are purchased from Nanjing and build up Bioengineering Research Institute, and it is pure that other reagent is domestic analysis.
1.3 animal experiment method
1.3.1 animal: 40 of clean level male SD rats, body weight 90 1 110g, are provided by Xinjiang Medicine University center.
1.3.2 feed: basal feed is that market is common.High lipid food is made up of 90% basal feed, 10% lard, and fresh lard is purchased near supermarket city.
1.3.3 animal grouping and experimental technique: 40 rats adapt to feed after a week at basal feed, get at random 8 by body weight and continue feeding basal feed, as normal group, after all the other equal feeding high lipid food modeling successes, modeling group rat is divided into four groups at random by body weight, 8 every group.First group of high lipid food group (HF), feeding high lipid food; Second group of high lipid food seed melon group (F mono-HF), feeding is containing the high lipid food of 5% seed melon xeraphium, i.e. 95% high lipid food+5% seed melon xeraphium (low dose group); The 3rd group of basal feed group (C), feeding basal feed; The 4th group of basal feed seed melon powder group (F-C), feeding is containing the basal feed of 10% seed melon xeraphium, i.e. 90% basal feed+10% seed melon xeraphium.
Each treated animal list cage is raised, and indoor temperature is controlled at 22 1 25 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at the dark control automatically of 40 1 60%, 12h illumination 12h, and ad lib water inlet, measures body weight and food ration for every two days once.After 24 days, each group rat fasting 24h, after claiming end-body heavy, broken end is got blood, separation of serum, reference reagent box description carries out the mensuration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C (LDL-C), HDL-C (HDL-C) content.Dissect rat, visually observe the calm situation of rat body fat and internal organs situation of change, calculate AI.
1.3.4 statistical procedures: TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C all measure by kit requirement.
Food utilization=body weight recruitment/food ration × 100%
Food ration=give appetite one surplus appetite one berley amount
Fat coefficient=fatty gross weight/body weight × 100%
AI AI=(TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C
Adopt SPSSl6.0 software to carry out one-way analysis of variance.
1.4 result
1.4.1 animal used as test obese model
The body weight there was no significant difference of the front two groups of rats of modeling, after modeling, the rat body weight of modeling group is apparently higher than normal rats body weight (P<0.01), as table 4.
Table 4: the foundation of obesity rat model
| Group | Rat quantity (only) | Body weight (g) before modeling | Body weight after modeling (g) |
| Normal group | 8 | 90.2±2.4 | 267.8±2.9 |
| Modeling group | 32 | 89.7±2.3 | 289.2±2.54** |
Note: " * * " represents remarkable at P<0.01 level difference compared with normal group.
1.4.2 the impact on rat food ration, body weight and weightening finish
As shown in table 5, in experimentation, each group rat shows no obvious abnormalities, and diet activity in order.Each group rat body weight no significant difference before experiment.When experiment finishes, compared with HF group, F-HF group rat body weight significantly reduces (P<0.05); C group, F-C group extremely significantly reduce (P<0.01); The weightening finish of each group rat all extremely significantly reduces (P<0.01); F-HF group, C group, the weightening finish of F-C group rat body weight reduce successively.Illustrate that seed melon xeraphium can reduce body weight and the weightening finish of nutritive obesity in rats, the adjustment best results that seed melon xeraphium is ingested in conjunction with low fat.
F-HF group is with HF group without significant difference, and F-C group without significant difference, illustrates that seed melon xeraphium has no significant effect the food ration of experimental rat with C group.
Table 5: the impact of seed melon powder on rat food ration, body weight and weightening finish
Note: " * * " represents remarkable at P<0.01 level difference compared with normal group.
1.4.3 the impact on rat fat index and AI
As shown in table 6, compared with HF group, F-HF group, C group, F-C group rat TC, LDL-C, AI extremely significantly reduce (P<0.01); HDL-C extremely significantly raise (P<0.01); Wherein F-HF group, F-C group rat HDL-C are higher than C group; F-HF group, F-C group rat TG extremely significantly reduce (P<0.01), C group rat TG is without marked change, illustrate and comprise that seed melon powder and diet adjustment can all significantly reduce TC, LDL-C content in rat body, improve HDL-C content, effectively improve blood lipid level in rat body, reduce and suffer from atherosclerotic risk; The reduction of seed melon xeraphium to TG content in rat body and the rising effect of HDL-C content are better than diet adjustment.
Table 6: the impact of seed melon powder on rat blood serum index
Note: " * * " represents remarkable at P<0.01 level difference compared with normal group.
1.5 conclusion
As seen from the experiment, seed melon xeraphium is the same with diet adjustment, can reduce nutritive obesity in rats body weight, and nutritive obesity in rats is had to good fat-reducing effect; Seed melon xeraphium can also significantly reduce Serum TC, TG, LDL-C content, significantly improves rat blood serum HDL-C content, has good lipid-lowering effect; The rising effect of the reduction of seed melon xeraphium to rat blood serum TG content and HDL-C content is especially remarkable, is better than diet adjustment.Result of the test shows that seed melon xeraphium has good functions of lowering blood-fat and reducing weight to nutritive obesity in rats, and this provides a kind of new way for developing natural lowering blood-fat and reducing weight product.
embodiment ten: the full powder hypoglycemic of seed melon effect experiment
There is the research of hypoglycemic lipid-lowering effect based on acquired seed melon xeraphium, experimental results show that by rat functions of reducing sugar and reducing fat: there is the effect of more significant hypoglycemic and reducing blood lipid by the composite full powder of seed melon obtaining.Therefore, can provide new direction as the new food of hypoglycemic using full seed melon powder.
Definite (identical with the test of seed melon xeraphium functions of reducing sugar and reducing fat) of 1.1 rat models
1.2 reagent: TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C kit are purchased from Nanjing and build up Bioengineering Research Institute, and it is pure that other reagent is domestic analysis.
1.3 animal experiment method
1.3.1 animal: 40 of clean level male SD rats, body weight 90 1 110g, are provided by Xinjiang Medicine University center.
1.3.2 feed: basal feed is that market is common.High lipid food is made up of 90% basal feed, 10% lard, and fresh lard is purchased near supermarket city.
1.3.3 animal grouping and experimental technique
40 rats adapt to feed after one week at basal feed, get at random 8 continue feeding basal feed by body weight, and as normal group, after all the other equal feeding high lipid food modeling successes, modeling group rat is divided into four groups at random by body weight, 8 every group.First group of high lipid food group (HF), feeding high lipid food; Second group of high lipid food seed melon group (F mono-HF), feeding is containing the high lipid food of the full powder of 5% seed melon, the i.e. 95% full powder of high lipid food+5% seed melon (low dose group); The 3rd group of basal feed group (C), feeding basal feed one; The 4th group of basal feed seed melon powder group (F-C), feeding is containing the basal feed of 10% seed melon powder, the i.e. 90% full powder of basal feed+10% seed melon (low dose group).
Each treated animal list cage is raised, and indoor temperature is controlled at 22 1 25 DEG C, and humidity is controlled at the dark control automatically of 40 1 60%, 12h illumination 12h, and ad lib water inlet, measures body weight and food ration for every two days once.After 24 days, each group rat fasting 24h, after claiming end-body heavy, broken end is got blood, separation of serum, reference reagent box description carries out the mensuration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C (LDL-C), HDL-C (HDL-C) content.Dissect rat, visually observe the calm situation of rat body fat and internal organs situation of change, calculate AI.
1.3.4 statistical procedures: TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C all measure by kit requirement.
Food utilization=body weight recruitment/food ration × 100%
Food ration=give appetite one surplus appetite one berley amount
Fat coefficient=fatty gross weight/body weight × 100%
AI AI=(TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C
Adopt SPSSl6.0 software to carry out one-way analysis of variance.
1.4 result
1.4.1 animal used as test obese model
The body weight there was no significant difference of the front two groups of rats of modeling, after modeling, the rat body weight of modeling group is apparently higher than normal rats body weight (P<0.01), as table 7.
Table 7: the foundation of obesity rat model
| Group | Rat quantity (only) | Body weight (g) before modeling | Body weight after modeling (g) |
| Normal group | 8 | 89.9±2.0 | 256.2±3.1 |
| Modeling group | 32 | 90.4±2.2 | ? 288.9±2.46** |
Note: " * * " represents remarkable at P<0.01 level difference compared with normal group.
1.4.2 the impact on rat food ration, body weight and weightening finish
Each group rat body weight no significant difference before experiment, in experimentation, each group rat does not have extremely, and diet activity is in order, as shown in table 8.When experiment finishes, compared with HF group, F-HF group rat body weight significantly reduces (P<0.05); C group, F-C group extremely significantly reduce (P<0.01); The weightening finish of each group rat all extremely significantly reduces (P<0.01); F-HF group, C group, the weightening finish of F-C group rat body weight reduce successively.Illustrate that the intervention of ingesting of the full powder of seed melon can significantly reduce body weight and the weightening finish of nutritive obesity in rats.
F-HF group is with HF group without significant difference, and F-C group without significant difference, illustrates that the full powder of seed melon has no significant effect the food ration of experimental rat with C group, and the effect that the full powder of seed melon reduces body weight is not by reducing rat, the intake of food to be reached.
Table 8: the impact of the full powder of seed melon on rat food ration, body weight and weightening finish
Note: " * * " represents remarkable at P<0.01 level difference compared with normal group.
1.4.3 the impact on rat fat index and AI
As shown in table 9, compared with HF group, F-HF group, C group, F-C group rat TC, LDL-C, AI extremely significantly reduce (P<0.01); HDL-C extremely significantly raise (P<0.01); Wherein F-HF group, F-C group rat HDL-C are higher than C group; F-HF group, F-C group rat TG extremely significantly reduce (P<0.01), C group rat TG is without marked change, illustrate that the full powder of seed melon and diet adjustment can all significantly reduce TC, LDL-C content in rat body, improve HDL-C content, effectively improve blood lipid level in rat body; The reduction of the full powder of seed melon to TG content in rat body and the rising effect of HDL-C content are better than diet adjustment.
Table 9: the impact of the full powder of seed melon on rat blood serum index
Note: " * * " represents remarkable at P<0.01 level difference compared with HF group; " * " represents remarkable at P<0.05 level difference compared with HF group.
1.5 conclusion
As seen from the experiment, the full powder of seed melon can significantly reduce the body weight of nutritive obesity in rats, suppresses the accumulation of rat body fat, and nutritive obesity in rats is had to good fat-reducing effect; The full powder of seed melon can also significantly reduce Serum TC, TG, LDL-C content, significantly improves rat blood serum HDL-C content, has good lipid-lowering effect; The rising effect of the reduction of the full powder of seed melon to rat blood serum TG content and HDL-C content is especially remarkable, is better than diet adjustment.Result of the test shows that seed melon powder has good functions of lowering blood-fat and reducing weight to nutritive obesity in rats.
Seed melon skin, flesh, meat are considered to seed melon always and remove the refuse in the process after seed, but wherein all containing abundant nutriment, utilize modern bio-separation analysis means, its functional activity material is extracted and purifying, in addition, can also serve as the raw material of medicine, health products etc., be developed further into beverage, wine, seed melon xeraphium, widen it and utilize scope.
More than setting forth the embodiment in the present invention, is not that the present invention is done to other formal restriction, and these professional personnel can change equivalent embodiment to the technology contents of above-mentioned elaboration.But as long as not departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to technical spirit of the present invention, just above example is carried out to simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling, still belong to the protection domain of the technology of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the full powder of a seed melon, it is characterized in that, % is according to mass percent meter, and the full powder of seed melon is by seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20% composition, the concrete preparation of the full powder of seed melon obtains by the following method:
(1) select fresh, without the seed melon of disease and pest, soak with clear water, and then water cleans melon body, remove the remains of pesticide and the silt that are attached on melon body, seed melon is cut to half, is removed seed, be cut into the approximately sheet of 0.5～1.0cm;
(2), by 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid and citric acid solution mixed solution, the green tea produced in Anhui Province that add step (1) to cut, keep 5～15min to protect look;
(3) above-mentioned steps (2) is broken into thick slurry through the seed melon beater that protects look, then drop into immediately in colloid mill levigately, abrasive disk space is adjusted to 20～50um;
(4) adopt 80 order slurry slag separators to filter through the slurry of colloid mill above-mentioned steps (3), the materials such as crude fibre are separated with seed melon juice;
(5) thick slag is carried out to vacuum freeze drying, the first stage is pre-freeze technique, and pre-freeze temperature is-15～-35 DEG C, and the pre-freeze time is 2～6h, and it is 5～20mm that material is loaded thickness; Second stage is the vacuum drying stage, sets dryness storehouse operating pressure, and vacuum is 20～120 Pa, in the distillation heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 40～60 DEG C, resolves the heating-up temperature stage, temperature of heating plate control is 65～80 DEG C, and the seed melon material of pre-freeze is dried;
(6) break up, after ultramicro grinding, be together recovered to Ji Fencang;
(7) pressure homogeneous in homogenizer of seed melon slurries 25～40Mpa step (4) being separated;
(8) adopt cryogenic vacuum concentrated, concentrated condition is: 45～50 DEG C, vacuum 10～13kPa, is reached for suitable 55～60% to concentrate rear slurry solid content;
(9) adopt ultrahigh-temperature sterilization, pump into rapidly high-temperature instantaneous sterilization device and quickly heat up to seed melon juice temperature to reach sterilization temperature be 120 DEG C～130 DEG C, the time is 3～6 seconds;
(10) adopt spray dryer to be dried, condition is: 170～180 DEG C of EATs, 78～85 DEG C of temperature of outgoing airs, selecting maltodextrin is drying aid, addition be in seed melon slurries soluble solid quality 30%～60%, material moisture≤5% after dry, the dry seed melon xeraphium of preparing obtains spraying;
(11) mix two kinds of seed melon xeraphiums that dry technology obtains, together with the seed melon xeraphium that in (6) step collection powder storehouse prepared by vacuum freeze drying is collected with the dry seed melon xeraphium making of step (10) spraying;
(12) add seed melon xeraphium 62%～83%, lecithin 5%～10%, Arabic gum 2%～8%, isomalto-oligosaccharide 10%～20%, be uniformly mixed rapidly through ultramicro grinding, prepares the full powder of seed melon.
2. the full powder of seed melon as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described color stabilizer is 0.1%～0.5% ascorbic acid solution.
3. the full powder of seed melon as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described color stabilizer is 0.1%～0.5% citric acid solution.
4. the full powder of seed melon as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described is drying aid by beta-schardinger dextrin-.
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