CN103892037B - 一种酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料加工技术领域，涉及一种酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料的制备方法，先称取好各原料并加水混合充分搅拌均匀后得母猪复合饲料预混料；再将预混料采用压力造粒机造粒制得颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品；然后将颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品在大豆或花生粕粉中滚动，使颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品外表面上均匀粘有一层大豆或花生粕粉，制得外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品；最后将所得外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品晾干后即得酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料成品；其加工制备工艺简单，设备易得，生产成本低，其制备的母猪饲料营养丰富，废物利用率高，又利于环境保护。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于饲料加工技术领域，涉及一种以酒糟为原料添加有机物及中草药制备母猪食用复合饲料的方法，特别是一种酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料的制备方法。
背景技术：
随着市场经济的不断发展，养殖业的发展前景越来越好，而养猪是经济效益非常可观的产业，想要提高母猪的产仔次数、产仔头数以及猪仔的成活率，母猪喂养的饲料非常重要，尤其是妊娠期和哺乳期的喂养相当关键，所以母猪的日粮中要合理搭配，各种微量元素的添加和叶酸等都要做到营养均衡，如孕前主要以低能量粗饲料喂养，孕期要以蛋白质、高含量的维生素、油脂、氨基酸、亚油酸及一定量的粗粮，有利于猪仔在母体中的生长发育，哺乳期要以蛋白质为主，猪乳的主要成分就是蛋白质，还要有含量适宜的粗蛋白质及维生素类，矿物质、钙、磷以及氨基酸都是哺乳期重要的矿物质元素，而现在大多数的喂养主要是传统方式，将各种饲料调配成浆液料，再倒入喂养槽，喂养复杂，所以制备一种喂养简单并适合母猪的各种营养均衡的母猪饲料尤为重要；黄酒糟是以稻米、黍米、玉米、小米及小麦等为主要原料，而黄酒糟中高含量的氨基酸种类多达十几种，其中粗蛋白32.09%，粗脂肪4.51%，粗纤维3.8%，钙0.19%，总磷0.49%，黄酒糟中不饱和脂肪酸的含量也较高，亚油酸和亚麻酸含量丰富，并含有多种维生素和矿物质，所以黄酒糟在酒糟饲料原料中的营养价值最优；啤酒糟的能量较高，糖份较高，营养成分丰富，啤酒糟干物质中含粗蛋白25.13%、粗脂肪7.13%、粗纤维13.81%、灰分3.64%、十几种氨基酸类物质以及含有多种丰富的微量元素，所以黄酒糟和啤酒糟是孕前母猪、孕期母猪和哺乳期母猪在每个育阶段的能量、蛋白质和其他主要养分的良好来源，将黄酒糟和啤酒糟合理添加开发制成喂养简便的颗粒状复合母猪饲料，既废物利用又利于环保，具有较大的开发利用前景。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计制备一种以黄酒糟和啤酒糟为原料，通过添加有机植物及中草药成份，开发制备一种酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的母猪复合饲料的制备工艺包括预混料配制、造粒、滚粉和晾晒包装四个步骤；
（1）预混料配制：鲜酒糟按重量百分比为30—40%称取；杂粮粉按重量百分比为20%—30%称取；大豆或花生粕粉按重量百分比10—20%称取；甘薯秸自然晒干后磨成粉末按重量百分比为5—10%称取；辣椒粉为乙醇萃取法提取辣素和色素后的无辣味的辣椒渣，晾晒后按重量配比3-5%称取；葡萄籽粕粉按重量百分比1—3%称取；将时令鲜蔬菜挤压成蔬菜酱按重量百分比为10—20%称取；将市售鱼骨粉与水按1:1的重量比充分混合做成鱼骨酱，放入90℃以上的蒸汽中煮5—8分钟后冷却再按重量百分比1—5%称取；将中药黄芪粉、穿心莲粉、桂皮粉、山楂粉、益母草粉、板蓝根粉、甘草粉、车前草粉和鱼腥草粉中的两种以上按等量混合后按重量百分比0.5—1%称取；食盐粉按重量百分比为0.5%称取；再将上述称取好的各原料加水混合后充分搅拌至用手握能成团而不漏水，搅拌均匀后即得母猪复合饲料预混料；
（2）造粒：将预混料采用常规的压力造粒机造粒，调整好造粒机的挤压力大小使其适合挤压预混料，控制造粒的粒径为5—8毫米，制得颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品；
（3）滚粉：将颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品在大豆或花生粕粉中滚动，使颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品外表面上均匀粘有一层大豆或花生粕粉，制得外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品，其表面上的大豆或花生粕粉的重量百分比为0.5—2%；
（4）晾晒包装：将所得外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品在40—50℃的恒温状态下晾干，使其水分重量比低于12%，即得酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料成品；将所得成品进行包装备用。
本发明所涉及的酒糟是黄酒糟和啤酒糟等量混和后的酒糟；杂粮粉包括玉米、麸皮和红豆粉；葡萄籽粕粉为葡萄籽提取葡萄籽油后所产生的葡萄籽下脚料；大豆或花生粕粉为大豆或花生制取食用油后下脚料的大豆粕或花生粕，再经过烘炒成熟品后粉碎成粉末状，其带有的天然香味对母猪有吸引食用功效；鱼骨粉为市售的各种饲料级鱼骨粉原料。
本发明制备的酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料各成份的重量百分配比为：酒糟为30—40%，大豆或花生粕粉为10—20%（不含滚粉用的大豆或花生粕粉）；杂粮粉为20—30%；甘薯秸粉为5—10%；辣椒粉为3—5%；鱼骨粉为2—5%；蔬菜酱为10—20%；葡萄籽粕粉为1—3%；混合中药粉为0.5—1%；食盐粉为0.5%。
本发明与现有技术相比，其加工制备工艺简单，设备易得，生产成本低，其制备的母猪饲料营养丰富，废物利用率高，又利于环境保护。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及的A、B、C三个不同比例原料组份的重量百分比配比分别为：
分别称取以上三组原料组成三种母猪复合饲料原料，其中滚粉用的大豆或花生粕粉另计。
实施例2：
本实施例涉及的母猪复合饲料的制备工艺为预混料配制、造粒、滚粉和晾晒包装四个步骤，分别对实施例1中的A、B、C三组配料进行制备：
（1）预混料配制：分别按实施例1中所列的A、B、C三组配比称取各原料，再将上述称取好的三组原料分别加水混合后充分搅拌至用手握能成团而不漏水，搅拌均匀后即得三组母猪复合饲料预混料；
（2）造粒：将三组母猪复合饲料预混料采用常规的压力造粒机造粒，调整好造粒机的挤压力大小使其适合挤压预混料，控制造粒的粒径为5—8毫米，分别制得三组颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品；
（3）滚粉：将三组颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品分别在大豆或花生粕粉中滚动，使颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品外表面上均匀粘有一层花大豆或花生粕粉，制得三组外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品，其表面大豆或花生粕粉的重量百分比为0.5—2%（其重量不含在原料配比中）；
（4）晾晒包装：将所得三组外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品在40—50℃的恒温状态下晾干，使其水分重量比低于12%，即得三组酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料成品；将三组所得成品分别进行包装备用。
实施例3：
本实施例采用实施例2制备的三组酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料成品对三个组群的母猪进行对比喂养，每个组群选择100头左右的母猪，其中50头喂养现有常规饲料，另外的50头分别喂养本实施例2制得的A、B、C三组酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料，3个月后，喂养本实施例2制备的糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料的组群的母猪体重均有增加，其产奶量普遍提高5%以上，且鲜奶质量高于喂养现有饲料的母猪组群。
Claims (1)
1.一种酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于包括预混料配制、造粒、滚粉和晾晒包装四个步骤；
(1)预混料配制：鲜酒糟按重量百分比为30—40％称取；杂粮粉按重量百分比为20％—30％称取；大豆或花生粕粉按重量百分比10—20％称取；甘薯秸自然晒干后磨成粉末按重量百分比为5—10％称取；辣椒粉为乙醇萃取法提取辣素和色素后的无辣味的辣椒渣，晾晒后按重量配比3-5％称取；葡萄籽粕粉按重量百分比1—3％称取；将时令鲜蔬菜挤压成蔬菜酱按重量百分比为10—20％称取；将市售鱼骨粉与水按1:1的重量比充分混合做成鱼骨酱，放入90℃以上的蒸汽中煮5—8分钟后冷却再按重量百分比1—5％称取；将中药黄芪粉、穿心莲粉、桂皮粉、山楂粉、益母草粉、板蓝根粉、甘草粉、车前草粉和鱼腥草粉中的两种以上按等量混合后按重量百分比0.5—1％称取；食盐粉按重量百分比为0.5％称取；再将上述称取好的各原料加水混合后充分搅拌至用手握能成团而不漏水，搅拌均匀后即得母猪复合饲料预混料；
(2)造粒：将预混料采用常规的压力造粒机造粒，调整好造粒机的挤压力大小使其适合挤压预混料，控制造粒的粒径为5—8毫米，制得颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品；
(3)滚粉：将颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品在大豆或花生粕粉中滚动，使颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品外表面上均匀粘有一层大豆或花生粕粉，制得外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品，其表面上的大豆或花生粕粉的重量百分比为0.5—2％；
(4)晾晒包装：将所得外表带粉末层的颗粒状母猪复合饲料粗品在40—50℃的恒温状态下晾干，使其水分重量比低于12％，即得酒糟颗粒状母猪复合饲料成品；将所得成品进行包装备用；涉及的酒糟是黄酒糟和啤酒糟等量混和后的酒糟；杂粮粉包括玉米、麸皮和红豆粉；葡萄籽粕粉为葡萄籽提取葡萄籽油后所产生的葡萄籽下脚料；大豆或花生粕粉为大豆或花生制取食用油后下脚料的大豆粕或花生粕，再经过烘炒成熟品后粉碎成粉末状，其带有的天然香味对母猪有吸引食用功效；鱼骨粉为市售的各种饲料级鱼骨粉原料。
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