CN103889351A - 骨锚 - Google Patents

骨锚 Download PDF

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CN103889351A
CN103889351A CN201280041441.5A CN201280041441A CN103889351A CN 103889351 A CN103889351 A CN 103889351A CN 201280041441 A CN201280041441 A CN 201280041441A CN 103889351 A CN103889351 A CN 103889351A
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threaded portion
bone anchor
proximal
bone
diameter
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P.科米尔
F.斯普拉特
R.福尔尼尔
S.鲁特
T.钱丹森
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Medos International SARL
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    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
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    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7097—Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants
    • A61B17/7098—Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants wherein the implant is permeable or has openings, e.g. fenestrated screw
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    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/863—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue with thread interrupted or changing its form along shank, other than constant taper

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中空的骨锚组件，所述骨锚组件包括骨锚、用于容纳待联接到所述骨锚的脊柱固定元件的容纳构件以及用于将所述脊柱固定元件相对于所述容纳构件固定的闭合机构。所述骨锚包括远侧轴，所述远侧轴具有在近侧头部近侧的第一螺纹部分、在所述第一螺纹部分近侧并与所述第一螺纹部分相邻的第二螺纹部分，以及在所述第二螺纹部分近侧并与第二螺纹部分相邻的第三螺纹部分。所述第一螺纹部分具有恒定的大直径和小直径。所述第二螺纹部分具有逐渐减小的大直径和小直径。所述第三螺纹部分具有逐渐减小的大直径和恒定的小直径。

Description

骨锚
背景技术
骨锚可在骨外科手术中使用，以在愈合或融合过程期间将骨固定。在脊柱外科手术中，骨锚可与脊柱固定元件例如脊柱杆一起使用，以便刚性地稳定多个椎骨以期望椎骨之间没有相对运动，或动态地稳定椎骨以期望椎骨之间具有有限的受控的运动。在某些手术例如微创手术中，可能期望通过导丝或其他导引器械将骨锚递送至椎骨。为了促成这一点，骨锚可为中空的，即，可具有穿过骨锚的中心通道，所述中心通道的尺寸设定成容纳导丝。使用中空骨锚的一个问题是，当此类骨锚用于没有导丝的手术时，例如用于开放性或非微创手术时，可能很难在骨的近侧表面中启动骨锚，除非使用螺丝锥(tap)或其他器械在骨内预先钻出开口，或外科医生对骨锚施加大量的远侧力。因此，需要有利于将骨锚设置在骨中的改进的中空骨锚。
发明内容
本文公开了改进的骨锚组件，并且具体地公开了结合脊柱固定元件使用、以便刚性地或动态地固定多个椎骨的改进的骨锚组件。
根据一个方面，骨锚组件可包括如下骨锚组件，其具有骨锚、用于容纳待联接到骨锚的脊柱固定元件的容纳构件、以及用于相对于容纳构件来固定脊柱固定元件的闭合机构。骨锚可包括远侧轴，该远侧轴具有在近侧头部近侧的第一螺纹部分、在第一螺纹部分近侧并与第一螺纹部分相邻的第二螺纹部分，以及在第二螺纹部分近侧并与第二螺纹部分相邻的第三螺纹部分。第一螺纹部分可具有恒定的大直径和小直径。第二螺纹部分可具有逐渐减小的大直径和小直径。第三螺纹部分可具有逐渐减小的大直径和恒定的小直径。骨锚可包括从近侧头部延伸穿过远侧轴的中心通道。
附图说明
参照结合附图的下列具体实施方式，将更充分地理解本文所公开的装置和方法的这些和其他特征和优点，其中在不同的视图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。附图示出了本文所公开的装置和方法的原理，并且尽管未按比例绘制但示出了相对尺寸。
图1为骨锚组件的示例性实施例的侧视图；
图2为图1的骨锚组件的横截面侧视图；
图3为图1的骨锚组件的骨锚的侧视图；
图4为图1的骨锚组件的骨锚的横截面侧视图；
图5为骨锚组件的另一个示例性实施例的侧视图；
图6为图5的骨锚组件的横截面侧视图；
图7为图5的骨锚组件的分解图；
图8为骨锚组件的另一个示例性实施例的侧视图；
图9为图8的骨锚组件的侧视图，示出了从图8旋转90°的骨锚；并且
图10为图8的骨锚组件的横截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在将描述某些示例性实施例，以从整体上理解本文所公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造和用途的原理。这些实施例的一个或多个实例在附图中示出。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，文中具体描述并示出于附图中的装置和方法均为非限制性的示例性实施例，并且本发明的范围仅由权利要求书限定。结合一个示例性实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征可与其他实施例的特征进行组合。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在本发明的范围之内。
本文所用冠词“一个”和“一种”是指一个或不止一个(即，至少一个)冠词的语法对象。以举例的方式，“元件”是指一个元件或多于一个元件。
本文所用术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”及其衍生词可作为综合的可广泛解释的术语互换使用。例如，使用“包含”、“包括”或“具有”表示所包含、具有或包括的任何元件不是含有该动词的从句的主语所涵盖的唯一元件。
图1-4示出了骨锚组件10的示例性实施例，该骨锚组件包括骨锚12、用于容纳待联接到骨锚12的脊柱固定元件(例如脊柱杆)的容纳构件14、以及用于将脊柱固定元件捕获在容纳构件14内并将脊柱固定元件相对于容纳构件14固定的闭合机构16。骨锚12包括近侧头部18和被配置成接合骨的远侧轴20。容纳构件14具有近端26和远端32，近端26具有一对间隔开的臂28A、28B，在所述臂之间限定凹槽30，远端32具有限定开口的远端表面34，骨锚12的至少一部分延伸穿过该开口。闭合机构16可定位在臂28A、28B之间并可接合臂28A、28B，以将脊柱固定元件捕获在容纳构件14内并将脊柱固定元件相对于容纳构件14固定。
继续参考图1-4，在示例性实施例中，骨锚12的近侧头部16大体为截顶球体形状，该截顶球体具有平坦的近侧表面36和大致球形的远侧表面38。示例性骨锚组件为多轴向骨螺钉，其被设计用于后期植入椎骨的椎弓根或侧块中。就这一点而言，骨锚12的近侧头部18以球窝状构造接合容纳构件14的远端32，其中近侧头部18并因而远侧轴20可相对于容纳构件14枢转。骨锚12的近侧头部18的远侧表面38和容纳构件14的远端32内的配合面可具有有利于该球窝状构造的任何形状，包括例如球形(如图所示)、环形、锥形、截头圆锥形以及这些形状的任何组合。
骨锚12的远侧轴20可为中空的，具有将骨锚12的长度延伸的中心通道或插管40，以有利于在例如微创手术中通过导丝递送骨锚12。骨锚组件的其他部件，包括闭合构件16、容纳构件14和压缩构件100(将在下文讨论)可为中空的，或换句话讲具有开口，以允许相应的部件通过导丝被递送。
继续参考图1-4，示例性骨锚组件10的容纳构件14的近端26包括一对间隔开的臂28A、28B，在所述臂之间限定U形凹槽30以用于容纳脊柱固定元件。容纳构件14的远端32大体为圆柱形形状并包括远端表面34，该远端表面大体为环形形状并限定圆形开口，骨锚12的至少一部分延伸穿过该圆形开口。例如，骨锚12的远侧轴20可延伸穿过该开口。容纳构件14的近端26的每个臂28A、28B从容纳构件14的远端32延伸至自由端。每个臂28A、28B的外表面可包括诸如凹槽、凹坑、凹口、突出等结构，以利于将容纳构件14并因而骨锚组件10连接到器械。例如，在示例性实施例中，每个臂28A、28B的外表面在臂的相应自由端处包括弓形沟槽44A、44B。美国专利7,179,261中更详细地描述了此类沟槽，该专利以引用的方式并入本文。
容纳构件14的近端26可被配置成容纳闭合机构，例如内固定螺钉(闭合机构16)或外顶盖或螺母。例如，每个臂28A、28B的内表面可包括诸如凹槽、凹坑、凹口、突出、螺纹等结构，以利于将闭合机构16连接到容纳构件14。例如，在示例性实施例中，每个臂28A、28B的内表面包括在每个臂28A、28B的内表面上的用于接合闭合机构16的内螺纹46。在示例性实施例中，螺纹起始于自由近端，并沿着臂28A、28B的长度的至少一部分向远侧延伸。
在示例性实施例中，闭合机构16为具有外螺纹的内固定螺钉，该外螺纹接合容纳构件的内螺纹，以将脊柱固定元件捕获在容纳构件的凹槽30内，以当内固定螺钉被完全拧紧时将脊柱固定元件相对于容纳构件14固定。作为另外一种选择，闭合机构可为具有内固定螺钉和外固定螺钉的双闭合机构，例如可得自DePuy Spine，Inc.(Raynham，MA)的Expedium Dual Innie多轴螺钉。此外，闭合机构可为无螺纹扭转顶盖，例如可得自DePuy Spine，Inc.(Raynham，MA)的Monarch Typhoon顶盖，并且在美国专利6,755,829中有所描述，该专利以引用的方式并入本文。
示例性骨锚组件10可与诸如刚性脊柱杆之类的脊柱固定元件一起使用。脊柱杆可由钛、钛合金、不锈钢、钴铬合金、PEEK或适于刚性固定的其他材料构造而成。作为另外一种选择，脊柱固定元件可为动态的稳定构件，其允许在机械装备的椎骨之间具有受控运动。
示例性骨锚组件为刚性的多轴向螺钉，其中当脊柱固定元件固定到骨锚组件的容纳构件14时，骨锚12是固定的而不是可动的。脊柱固定元件可直接接触骨锚12的近侧头部18，或可接触中间元件如压缩构件100，该压缩构件置于脊柱固定元件和骨锚12的近侧头部18之间，用于当通过闭合机构将脊柱固定元件固定到骨锚组件的容纳构件16时，所述压缩构件将近侧头部18的远侧外表面压缩成与容纳构件18的远侧内表面直接固定接合。在可供选择的实施例中，骨锚组件可为可动螺钉，其中当脊柱固定元件固定到容纳构件14时，骨锚12的近侧头部18可相对于容纳构件14运动。美国专利申请公布US2011-0093021中描述了示例性可动多轴向螺钉，该专利申请公布据此以引用的方式并入本文。作为另外一种选择，骨锚组件可为单轴向螺钉、优化角度螺钉或单平面螺钉。
参考图3和4，远侧轴20可为螺纹化的以改善骨锚12在骨(例如椎骨的椎弓根或侧块)中的固定，并具体地讲，有利于在骨的近侧表面中启动骨锚20。在示例性实施例中，远侧轴20具有在近侧头部18近侧的第一螺纹部分50、在第一螺纹部分50近侧并与第一螺纹部分相邻的第二螺纹部分52，以及在第二螺纹部分52近侧并与第二螺纹部分相邻的第三螺纹部分54。第一螺纹部分具有第一大直径56、第一小直径58以及第一长度60。在示例性实施例中，第一大直径56和第一小直径58在第一螺纹部分50的第一长度60全长上为恒定的。第二螺纹部分52具有第二大直径62、第二小直径64以及第二长度66。在示例性实施例中，第二大直径62和第二小直径64在第二螺纹部分52的第二长度66全长上从近端至远端逐渐减小。第二大直径62和第二小直径64在第二螺纹部分52的第二长度66全长上可小于第一大直径56和第一小直径58。第三螺纹部分54具有第三大直径68、第三小直径70以及第三长度72。在示例性实施例中，第三大直径68在第三螺纹部分54的第三长度72全长上从近端至远端逐渐减小，并且第三大直径68在第三螺纹部分54的第三长度72全长上小于第二大直径62。第三小直径70在第三部分54的第三长度72全长上可为恒定的，并且在第二螺纹部分52至第三螺纹部分54的过渡处，第三小直径可等于第二小直径70。
在示例性实施例中，远侧轴20包括在第三螺纹部分54近侧并与其相邻的无螺纹远侧末端80。无螺纹末端80可从近端至远端逐渐减小，并可大体为圆锥形形状。在示例性实施例中，由无螺纹末端80形成的圆锥体82的角度为大约70°。提供无螺纹末端以最小化末端处的锋利边缘，具体地来自螺纹的锋利边缘，并从而在将骨锚递送至骨表面期间最小化软组织损伤。无螺纹末端80的轴向长度优选地减至最小，以便在轴上向远侧尽可能远地提供螺纹。
第二螺纹部分52中逐渐减小的小直径64以及第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54中分别逐渐减小的大直径62和68有利于骨锚在骨中启动。此外，示例性螺纹形状消除了对远侧轴20的远端上的切割刃的需求。为了防止插管40在插入期间塌缩，优选地保持第三部分54和无螺纹部分80中的最小壁厚。最小壁厚(即，小直径70和插管40的直径之间的差值)优选地大于0.5mm。第二部分52的小直径64优选地逐渐减小直至获得所需的最小壁厚。此时沿着远侧轴20的轴向长度，第二螺纹部分52过渡到第三螺纹部分54，并且小直径70保持不变。
图5-7示出了骨锚组件100的另一个示例性实施例，其中骨锚112为两件式构造，从而允许骨锚112的远侧轴120穿过容纳构件14的远侧表面34中的开口进行组装。在示例性实施例中，骨锚112包括螺纹化的远侧轴120，该远侧轴具有与上述骨锚12的远侧轴20的螺纹形状类似的螺纹形状。骨锚112的近侧头部包括两个可分离的部件：在远侧轴120的近端处的圆柱形无螺纹近侧部分102和可弹性压缩的球形保持构件104，后者将近侧部分120容纳并保持在保持构件104内。近侧部分102包括环形突出或肋状物106，该环形突出或肋状物被配置成位于互补成形的环形沟槽108内，该环形沟槽设置在保持构件104的内表面上。在组装过程中，保持构件104定位在容纳构件14内。可将保持构件104压缩以有利于定位在容纳构件14中，在此之后保持构件104恢复至其标称构型。近侧部分102穿过远端表面34中的开口插入，并进入保持构件104中。环形突出106位于环形沟槽108内，用于将近侧部分102保持在保持构件104内，并从而保持在容纳构件14内。
图8-10示出了骨锚组件200的另一个示例性实施例，其中骨锚212被配置成有利于骨锚在骨中的接合。在示例性实施例中，骨锚212的远侧轴220的第一螺纹部分212包括远侧螺纹部分204和近侧螺纹部分202。可将骨锚212的远侧轴220的远侧螺纹部分204、近侧螺纹部分202、第二螺纹部分52以及第三螺纹部分54配置成增强骨锚组件10在骨中的固定。远侧螺纹部分204可具有第一节距和第一螺纹头数，并且近侧螺纹部分202可具有小于第一节距的第二节距和大于第一螺纹头数的第二螺纹头数。远侧螺纹部分204和近侧螺纹部分202可具有恒定的导程。
例如，对于设计成穿过椎骨的椎弓根而被植入的骨锚组件而言，螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54可被配置成接合椎骨的前椎骨体中的松质骨，并且螺纹近侧部分202可被配置成接合椎骨的椎弓根的皮质骨。具体地讲，螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54的节距可大于(即，较粗于)近侧部分202的节距。在示例性实施例中，螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54具有相同的节距。
为了方便骨锚212插入到椎骨中并防止椎弓根壁的剥离，远侧轴220，包括螺纹近侧部分202、螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54可具有恒定的螺纹导程。螺纹的导程为当远侧轴220旋转一图(360°)时，远侧轴220沿着与轴的纵向轴线平行的方向行进的距离。螺纹的导程等于螺纹头的数目乘以螺纹的节距。因为螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54与螺纹近侧部分202具有不同的节距，所以螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54与螺纹近侧部分202必须具有不同的螺纹头数，以便具有恒定的或相等的导程。例如，在示例性多轴向骨锚组件200中，远侧轴220的导程为6mm，远侧螺纹部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54的节距为3mm，并且远侧螺纹部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54具有两个螺纹头(即，远侧螺纹部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54为双螺纹)，近侧螺纹部分24的节距为1.5mm，并且近侧螺纹部分202具有四个螺纹头(即，近侧螺纹部分24为四螺纹)。用于增强骨固定的具有螺纹形状的另外的示例性骨锚公开于2011年5月18日提交的美国专利申请序列号13/110378，该专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。
螺纹远侧部分204、第二螺纹部分52、第三螺纹部分54和螺纹近侧部分24的导程可根据例如骨锚组件的类型(如，多轴向、单轴向、单平面)和组件待植入的椎骨或其他骨而变化。例如，对于设计成插入穿过腰椎或胸椎的椎弓根的多轴向骨锚，导程可为4mm至8mm，并且远侧螺纹部分204、第二螺纹部分52和第三螺纹部分54的节距可为2mm至4mm，并且近侧螺纹部分202的节距可为1mm至3mm。例如，在单轴向螺钉中，导程可为2mm至4mm。
远侧轴220的近侧螺纹部分202的轴向长度(即，沿着与远侧轴220的纵向轴线平行的方向的长度)可根据组件待植入的椎骨或其他骨而变化，并且可被选为与近侧螺纹部分202将要接合的骨的长度相对应。对于设计成插入穿过腰椎或胸椎的椎弓根的骨锚，近侧螺纹部分202的轴向长度可被选择成近似于椎弓根的长度，该椎弓根的长度包括从穿过椎弓根的椎骨的后表面到椎弓根与椎骨的前椎骨体的连接处的距离。在此类骨锚中，近侧螺纹部分202的轴向长度L1可介于14mm和26mm之间，并且优选地为20mm。远侧轴220的轴向长度还可根据骨锚212将要插入的骨而变化。对于设计成插入穿过腰椎或胸椎的椎弓根的骨锚，远侧轴20的轴向长度260可介于20mm和100mm之间。对于设计成插入穿过髂骨的骨锚，远侧轴220的轴向长度260可介于60mm和150mm之间。
近侧螺纹部分202和远侧螺纹部分204的大直径和小直径可根据骨锚212将要插入的骨进行选择。例如，对于设计成插入穿过腰椎或胸椎的椎弓根的骨锚(例如示例性骨锚212)，远侧螺纹部分204和近侧螺纹部分202的大直径可介于4mm和10mm之间。在示例性实施例中，远侧螺纹部分204的大直径和近侧螺纹部分202的大直径相等，且在远侧螺纹部分204和近侧螺纹部分202的轴向长度上是恒定的。在某些示例性实施例中，远侧螺纹部分204的小直径和近侧螺纹部分202的小直径相等，且在远侧螺纹部分204和近侧螺纹部分202的轴向长度上是恒定的。在其他示例性实施例中，近侧螺纹部分202的小直径大于远侧螺纹部分204的小直径。近侧螺纹部分202的增大的小直径为近侧螺纹部分202提供减小的螺纹深度，这通过压缩椎骨的椎弓根的骨而增强了对骨的抓紧。
远侧轴220还可包括与插管40连通的一个或多个侧壁开口202或穿孔，以允许骨向内生长或者允许将骨粘固剂或其他材料通过骨锚组件200进行分配。侧壁开口202从插管40径向地延伸穿过远侧轴220的侧壁。美国专利申请公开2010/0114174中描述了用于将骨粘固剂递送到骨锚组件200的示例性系统，以及有利于粘固剂递送的可供选择的骨锚构型，该专利申请公开据此以引用方式并入本文中。骨锚212的远侧轴220还可涂覆有用于允许骨生长的材料，例如羟基磷灰石，并且骨锚组件200可全部或部分地涂覆有抗感染材料，例如二氯苯氧氯酚(tryclosan)。
虽然本发明的装置和方法已经结合其示例性实施例具体加以示出和描述，但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的前提下，可以按照本文所述形式和细节进行各种修改。仅仅采用常规实验，本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到或能够确定本文具体所描述的示例性实施例的许多等同形式。此类等同形式旨在由本发明和所附权利要求的范围涵盖。

Claims (11)

1.一种骨锚组件，所述骨锚组件包括：
骨锚，所述骨锚具有近侧头部和被配置成接合骨的远侧轴，所述远侧轴具有在所述近侧头部近侧的第一螺纹部分、在所述第一螺纹部分近侧并与所述第一螺纹部分相邻的第二螺纹部分，以及在所述第二螺纹部分近侧并与所述第二螺纹部分相邻的第三螺纹部分，所述骨锚包括从所述近侧头部延伸穿过所述远侧轴的中心通道，
所述第一螺纹部分具有第一大直径、第一小直径和第一长度，所述第一大直径和所述第一小直径在所述第一螺纹部分的整个第一长度上是恒定的，
所述第二螺纹部分具有第二大直径、第二小直径和第二长度，所述第二大直径和所述第二小直径在所述第二螺纹部分的整个第二长度上从近端至远端逐渐减小，所述第二大直径和所述第二小直径在所述第二螺纹部分的整个第二长度上小于所述第一大直径和所述第一小直径，
所述第三螺纹部分具有第三大直径、第三小直径和第三长度，所述第三大直径在所述第三螺纹部分的整个第三长度上从近端至远端逐渐减小，所述第三大直径在所述第三螺纹部分的整个第三长度上小于所述第二大直径，所述第三小直径在所述第三部分的整个第三长度上是恒定的，所述第三小直径在从所述第二螺纹部分至所述第三螺纹部分的过渡处等于所述第二小直径，容纳构件，所述容纳构件用于容纳待联接到所述骨锚的脊柱固定元件，所述容纳构件具有
近端，所述近端具有一对间隔开的臂，在所述臂之间限定凹槽，
远端，所述远端具有限定开口的远端表面，所述骨锚的至少一部分延伸穿过所述开口，以及
闭合机构，所述闭合机构能够定位在所述臂之间并接合所述臂，以将脊柱固定元件捕获在所述容纳构件内，并将所述脊柱固定元件相对于所述容纳构件固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述第一螺纹部分包括远侧螺纹部分和近侧螺纹部分，所述远侧螺纹部分具有第一节距，所述近侧螺纹部分具有小于所述第一节距的第二节距。
3.根据权利要求2所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述第二螺纹部分具有节距，并且所述第三螺纹部分具有节距，其中，所述第二螺纹部分的节距和所述第三螺纹部分的节距等于所述第二节距。
4.根据权利要求3所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述第一螺纹部分的远侧螺纹部分具有第一螺纹头数，并且所述第一螺纹部分的近侧螺纹部分具有大于所述第一螺纹头数的第二螺纹头数，并且其中，所述远侧螺纹部分和所述近侧螺纹部分具有恒定的导程。
5.根据权利要求4所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述第二螺纹部分具有若干螺纹头，并且所述第三螺纹部分具有若干螺纹头，其中，所述第二螺纹部分的螺纹头数和所述第三螺纹部分的螺纹头数等于所述第一螺纹头数，并且其中，所述远侧螺纹部分、所述近侧螺纹部分、所述第二螺纹部分和所述第三螺纹部分具有恒定的导程。
6.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述远侧轴包括与所述中心通道连通的多个侧壁开口。
7.根据权利要求5所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述侧壁开口从所述中心通道径向延伸穿过所述远侧轴的侧壁。
8.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，在将所述脊柱固定元件固定到所述容纳构件之前，所述骨锚能够相对于所述容纳构件枢转。
9.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述骨锚相对于所述容纳构件固定。
10.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述远侧轴包括在所述第三螺纹部分近侧并与所述第三螺纹部分相邻的无螺纹远侧末端。
11.根据权利要求10所述的骨锚组件，其特征在于，所述无螺纹部分从近端至远端逐渐减小并大体为圆锥形形状。
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US20220071666A1 (en) 2022-03-10
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US11202659B2 (en) 2021-12-21
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