CN103858674A - Agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house with ventilating system and cultivation control technology for agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house - Google Patents
Agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house with ventilating system and cultivation control technology for agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Abstract
The invention relates to an agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house with a ventilating system and a cultivation control technology for the agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house. The agaricus bisporus brick-concrete mushroom house comprises a brick-concrete type grassy edible mushroom house, wherein the mushroom house comprises a wall with ventilating windows, and a roof with heat preservation sealing property; the semi-automatic circulating ventilating system capable of improving the ventilating environment in the mushroom house is also arranged in the mushroom house; the roof comprises a plastic thin film, an oil felt, a sponge composite heat preservation light reflection film and tiles which are arranged along the direction from inside to outside. Under the condition that a mushroom farmer does not need to greatly change and transform the mushroom house and the cultivation technology, the heat preservation performance and the ventilating balance property of the mushroom house are improved, and the pest damage is lowered; due to regular control of a relay, supplementation and circulating control on outdoor air of the mushroom house are realized; therefore the labor is saved, the ventilating condition is improved, and the aims of increasing the yield, achieving high quality and increasing the income are fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mixed mushroom room of a kind of agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system and Cultural control technique thereof.
Background technology
Fujian is located in southeastern coast, and wherein South Fujian Province, particularly Zhangzhou Area are the major production areas of cultivating bisporous mushroom, straw mushroom under Fujian Province's natural climate condition, has the mushroom agriculture of numerous rich experiences.At present this area is also that the maximum agaricus bisporus technical staff in the whole nation carries ground, and has formed the agaricus bisporus processing treatment region of national maximum and agaricus bisporus salt-like prod, canned pack distribution centre.Be that Volvaria volvacea cultivation, bacterial classification are made and cultivation of agaricus bisporus raw and auxiliary material is prepared and the Main Stage of composting annual 7～October, is also the typhoon high-incidence season simultaneously.ZhangZhou people have created many energy-conservation, efficient circulating cultivation patterns by their clever wisdom.Also create the brick raw bacteria cultivation mushroom of the mixing grass room of Zhangzhou Area uniqueness, its objective is the heat-insulating property in mushroom room and the ability of opposing typhoon of improving.
But Zhangzhou Area people is how low few, mushroom agriculture only has and as much as possible upwards strives for larger cultivation tridimensional space.Therefore the Around the house that, has formed resident household is all that the mixed hoarding and speculating of cultivation house is seen.Such mushroom room, ventilation effect is subject to self-heat condition restriction, so mushroom agriculture is changed into 0.9m by the bacterium bed of conventional 1.3m width in production practices, ventilation passageway shortens to 0.6m by 0.8m, the height of cultivation house internal layer frame is also reduced to 0.45m by traditional 0.6m, and cultivation layer frame is also increased to 8～11 layers by traditional 5 layers.Limited floor space squeezes out larger area under cultivation as far as possible, easily causes ventilation not smooth, causes the mushroom room levels temperature difference large, is unfavorable for the development growth of mycelia and fruit body.Mushroom agriculture is in order to increase the ventilation in mushroom room, and in each passageway, 6～7 ventilative windows have been offered on corresponding body of wall both sides from top to bottom, causes a mushroom room conventionally to have 70～90 transoms.During cultivating, mushroom agriculture need to open and close louver(-vre) 1～2 time every day, every unlatching or close window inserted sheet approximately 30～45 minutes consuming time.Conventionally each household mushroom agriculture cultured mushroom room is 3～4, and being used for opening and closing window inserted sheet every day approximately needs 4～6 h, wastes a large amount of labours.As violent in Changes in weather, inserted sheet has little time to close, and easily causes the acute variation of environmental temperature in mushroom room, and mycelia and sporophore growth are worked the mischief, and causes the underproduction.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention is directed to above-mentioned prior art existence is made improvement, be that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the mixed mushroom room of a kind of agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system and Cultural control technique thereof, ensureing that mushroom agriculture does not need mushroom room structure and planting technique to carry out under the condition of larger change, improve the room heat-insulated performance of mushroom and ventilate harmonious, reducing insect pest occurs, timing controlled by relay solves mushroom chamber outer air supply and loop control, thereby save labour, improve ventilation condition, the object that reach volume increase, high-quality, increases income.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of technical scheme of the present invention is: the mixed mushroom of a kind of agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system room, comprise the raw edible fungi mushroom house of the mixing grass of brick, described mushroom room comprises the wall with transom and has the roof of thermal-insulating sealing, is also provided with the semi-automatic circulating ventilation system that improves ventilated environment in mushroom room in described mushroom room.
Further, described roof comprises plastic film, asphalt felt, sponge complex heat-preservation reflective membrane and the tile arranged along arriving within doors exterior direction.
Further, described fly net adopts the steel wire fly net of 70 order density, is provided with inserted sheet dipping type slideway in described transom, is provided with glass or the waterproof plastic shrouding of transom sealing in described inserted sheet dipping type slideway.
Further, described semi-automatic circulating ventilation system comprises ventilation shaft, centrifugal axial flow blower, plastics air duct, measures temp. and humidity and CO in mushroom room
2instrumentation and electrotimer, described ventilation shaft comprises the transverse pipe that is above the ground level and arranges, described transverse pipe is arranged on bacterium bed and moves towards on a perpendicular side wall, on the two ends of described transverse pipe and middle part sidewall, be provided with towards the air vent of bacterium bed, described transverse pipe upper side wall middle part is vertically connected with vertical duct, on described vertical duct, be provided with the air inlet pipe being communicated with mushroom room outer air, described air inlet pipe and vertical duct junction are provided with rotating air switch boards, when described air switch boards is vertical with metope, vertical duct is not communicated with transverse pipe air, when described switching air valve is parallel with metope, air inlet pipe is not communicated with vertical duct air, described centrifugal axial flow blower is installed on this metope, the air inlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower is communicated with vertical duct, this connectivity part is higher than air inlet pipe, the gas outlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower is communicated with the plastics air duct that is arranged on mushroom house top/bottom part, described plastics air duct parallels layout with bacterium bed trend, described plastics air duct bottom is along its axial uniform venthole that offers, described electrotimer receives the data of instrumentation and controls the running of centrifugal axial flow blower.
Further, the porch of described air inlet pipe is provided with fly net.
Further, the gas outlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower and plastics air duct connectivity part are provided with the bend pipe that reduces windage.
Further, on the transom of described mushroom room wall bottommost, shutter is installed, when in described mushroom room, blast is greater than extraneous blast, the blade of shutter is outwards opened the unnecessary indoor exhaust air of discharge, when in described mushroom room, blast is less than extraneous blast, the blade of shutter closes to close with the external world and disconnects.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, another kind of technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Cultural control technique of agaricus bisporus, and described agaricus bisporus is cultivated in the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system described above room, carries out according to the following steps:
(1) the secondary fermentation stage: after good composts or fertilisers of cultivating layering uniform coding good one time fermentation, close the doors and windows rapidly, regulating air switch boards angle to make ventilating system is 5% outdoor air, recurrent state in 95% room air, open blower fan and carry out interior circulation, utilize microbial activities to promote windrow self-heating to heat up, follow the tracks of in time temperature in material temperature and mushroom room with temp probe, through the circulation of 8～12h, the upper and lower temperature in mushroom room and material temperature reach equilibrium state, then burn steam and import mushroom room, keep blower fan in interior recurrent state, in the time that material temperature reaches 60 DEG C in mushroom room, start timing, controlling material temperature is stabilized between 58～62 DEG C, after maintaining 8h, cut off vapours, regulate air switch boards angle to make outdoor air account for 10%, interval 0.5h observes the variation of material temperature and temperature, regulate air switch boards angle to make 0.75 DEG C of material temperature decline per hour, until material temperature steadily drops to 52 DEG C, again regulate air switch boards angle control material temperature to maintain between 50～52 DEG C, maintain 4～5 day time, finally regulate air switch boards that transverse pipe is closed, open gate, mushroom room, after utilizing ventilation that material temperature is cooled to rapidly to 25 DEG C, sow whole bed,
(2) cultural hypha: first three days mushroom room keeps air-tight state, if temperature drift can save air switch boards angle and makes ventilating system contain 5% outdoor air to lower the temperature in mushroom room, after 3 days, every day timing makes ventilating system with 10% the outdoor air 0.5h that ventilates, and adjust outdoor air according to material temperature and mushroom room temperature actual conditions, after 7 days, under mycelia field planting good situations, can give full outdoor air ventilates once, and select ventilation time and control temperature steady in conjunction with outside air temperature, prevent from significantly gliding, thereafter, every day is according to the physical condition of material temperature and temperature, CO in mushroom room
2concentration situation adopts different outdoor airs to enter mushroom room ratio and time, should ensure the demand of amount of oxygen in mushroom room, avoids again the acute variation of material temperature and temperature in mushroom room,
(3) the management of producing mushroom stage: after the saturating bed of mycelia, cover earthing, should give a certain amount of outdoor air supply every day, promote bacterium bed mycelia to climb soil, to maintain space humidity in 85% left and right simultaneously, avoid during this time ventilating strong, cause earthing top layer too dry, cause fruiting position too low, in the time that bacterium bed has more than 80% mycelia to begin to crop up, should beat in time fruiting water, mycelia is pressed into the place of 0.5cm under soil layer, after fetching water, note strengthening outdoor air ventilation amount, then control certain outdoor air increment every day according to the knot situation of fruit body and outside air temperature situation, note should continuing interior circulation 0.5 hour after each supplementary outdoor air, ensure the oxygen supply equilibrium of inside, mushroom room, improve after the management control of certain hour, manager every morning can be according to material temperature in mushroom room, the outdoor air that temperature and outside air temperature condition are made the same day enters mushroom room supply ratio.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) manage convenient, save labour: specialize in South Fujian Province, Fujian grass raw bacterium cultivation family, a product is cultivated 3～4 mushroom rooms in season conventionally simultaneously.Calculate with 80, every mushroom room window inserted sheet, 1 1h/d approximately consuming time of every day paddle and inserted sheet, 4 mushroom room accumulative total approximately 4～6h/d consuming time, have wasted 1 complete labour substantially.If this labour is freed, whole agaricus bisporus produces and gets off to save 10500 yuan of labor costs (to calculate 70 working days, wage 150$/d) season.4 mushroom room blower fan power consumptions are to calculate 120 every working days on year-on-year basis, and approximately 20 yuan of every Fans day power consumptions, add up approximately 9600 yuan of electric cost expenditures, and the two offsets substantially.But manager increased for the time of mushroom real estate management reason, contributed to improve output and quality.
(2) good heat preservation performance, temperature equalization, synchronism is good: by the improvement transformation to mushroom house top heat-insulating property and transom sealing, under the effect of blower fan circulation, the temperature difference of mushroom room inner top layer and bottom is reduced to 1～1.5 DEG C by original 4 DEG C, reduced roof bedstead excess Temperature, humidity is excessive causes the dead mushroom of physiological to cause the underproduction, also solved because levels temperature is large, mushroom room fruiting Time Inconsistency, be unfavorable for the shortcoming of management by synchronization.
(3) insect pest is few, and insecticidal effect is strong: the installation of fly net has strengthened vermins-proof effect, and insect pest occurrence probability significantly reduces; On the other hand, occur after insect pest, can after spray medicine, carry out totally-enclosed interior circulation, promote agricultural chemicals uniformly penetrating in mushroom room, kill rapidly and comprehensively insect pest.
(4) opposing short-term bad climate environment capacity significantly strengthens: during the raw bacteria cultivation of grass, because climate reasons may cause extremely low temperature or the high temperature weather conditions of 2～3 days.When encountering low temperature situation, can select that noon, the temperature rises and fast take a breath steadily period or adding a small amount of vapours is controlled at zone of reasonableness by mushroom room temperature; Encounter high temperature situation, can select nocturnal temperature lower time, take a breath fast, also can purchase ice cube and be placed in interior circulation in mushroom room, in auxiliary mushroom room, temperature is down to zone of reasonableness.Conventional mushroom room, because lacking circulatory function in power, cannot carry out similar aids in temperature control function, because bad climate impact may cause the underproduction.
(5) improve secondary fermentation quality, obvious effect of increasing production: in composts or fertilisers of cultivating secondary fermentation process, because of blower fan ringing, ensure uniformity and the harmony of mushroom room inner different levels bacterium bed material temperature.Meanwhile, can carry out in time the control of ventilation and external source thermal source according to material, temperature in mushroom room, material temperature had both kept temperature steady in temperature controlled fermentation process, and fully ventilation again, ensures the supply of the oxygen of compost microbe, significantly improves compost fermentation quality.Native system is at straw mushroom, agaricus bisporus application comparision of production, and straw mushroom per unit area yield is than normal mode volume increase 12.8%, and agaricus bisporus per unit area yield is than normal mode volume increase 10.3%, obvious effect of increasing production.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the organigram of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1-mushroom room, 11-transom, 12-shutter, 2-transverse pipe, 3-vertical duct, 4-air inlet pipe, the centrifugal axial flow blower of 5-, 6-plastic air pipe, 61-bend pipe.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-: as shown in Figure 1, the mixed mushroom of a kind of agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system room, comprise the raw edible fungi mushroom house 1 of the mixing grass of brick, described mushroom room 1 comprises the wall with transom 11 and has the roof of thermal-insulating sealing, is also provided with the semi-automatic circulating ventilation system that improves ventilated environment in mushroom room in described mushroom room 1.
In the present embodiment, the plastic film that top, described mushroom house is first 0.08cm with thickness covers, and above covers the asphalt felt that 0.5cm is thick, then covers the sponge complex heat-preservation reflective membrane that one deck 0.3cm is thick, then cover tiles.
In the present embodiment, described fly net adopts the steel wire fly net of 70 order density, and the plastic baling band of the steel wire fly net width 1～1.5cm cutting is made to compressing tablet, utilizes cement nail to be fixed on the periphery of transom, plays vermins-proof effect.In described transom 11, be provided with inserted sheet dipping type slideway, slideway thickness 0.5cm, is provided with in described inserted sheet dipping type slideway glass or the waterproof plastic shrouding of transom sealing.
In the present embodiment, described semi-automatic circulating ventilation system comprises ventilation shaft, centrifugal axial flow blower 5, plastics air duct 6, measures temp. and humidity and CO in mushroom room
2instrumentation and electrotimer, described ventilation shaft comprises the high transverse pipe 2 arranging of liftoff 15cm, described transverse pipe 2 is arranged on bacterium bed and moves towards on a perpendicular side wall, described transverse pipe 2 is the tinplate ventilation shaft of cross section 30 × 30cm, pipeline left and right extends to the passage mid point after the bacterium frame of 2, interval, on the two ends of described transverse pipe 2 and middle part sidewall, be provided with towards the air vent of bacterium bed, opening direction is parallel with pipeline, described transverse pipe 2 upper side wall middle parts are vertically connected with vertical duct 3, the liftoff 1.2m of described vertical duct 3 is provided with the air inlet pipe 4 being communicated with mushroom room outer air on high position, described air inlet pipe 4 is provided with rotating air switch boards with vertical duct 3 junctions, when described air switch boards is vertical with metope, vertical duct 3 is not communicated with transverse pipe 2 air, when described switching air valve is parallel with metope, air inlet pipe 4 is not communicated with vertical duct 3 air, described centrifugal axial flow blower 5 is installed on this metope, the air inlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower 5 is communicated with vertical duct 3, this connectivity part is higher than air inlet pipe 4, the gas outlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower 5 is communicated with the plastics air duct 6 that is arranged on mushroom house top/bottom part, described plastics air duct 6 parallels layout with bacterium bed trend, described plastics air duct 6 bottoms are along its axial uniform venthole that offers, described electrotimer receives the data of instrumentation and controls the running of centrifugal axial flow blower 5.
Above-mentioned centrifugal axial flow blower type selecting: the selection of fan delivery is to meet in mushroom room circulation as 15m
3/ h/m
2technical parameter, range designs according to aisle, mushroom room, selects the pressure of blower fan according to range.Assembling is in mushroom room load bearing wall scene, and height should, at least higher than top layer mushroom bed 1m in mushroom room, be made blower fan bracing frame outward at wall in addition, plays the effect of fixing and firm support.
Described plastics ventilating duct 6 is made and is installed: make slightly larger in diameter in the tubular air duct of the diameter of axial flow blower outlet(discharge) flange with plastics or close knitmesh lattice cloth.Air duct is flattened, intersect and offer the venthole of 30 × 40mm at interval of 20cm at the bottom of air duct and axis place, middle left and right.After assembling is good, fix an iron wire at external flange dish top, air duct one end is enclosed within on flange, be fastened with iron wire, note venthole bottom air duct vertically downward.The iron wire elongation parallel with middle aisle being through in air duct also fixed to mushroom room opposite side metope, then air duct is stretched to opposite side metope, in the time approaching metope, be wound around sealing by plastic ties after iron wire and tie, and fix on the wall.
Temp. and humidity and CO
2instrumentation, electrotimer application: purchase sonde-type temperature, humidity digital display equipment, be arranged on the implementing monitoring that carries out temperature, humidity in production process in mushroom room.Electrotimer is connected in blower fan working line, carries out timed power on/off according to the demand of outdoor air, room air in mushroom room, reduces personnel's control is relied on.
In the present embodiment, the porch of described air inlet pipe 4 is provided with fly net.
In the present embodiment, the gas outlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower 5 and plastics air duct 6 connectivity parts are provided with the bend pipe 61 that reduces windage.
In the present embodiment, on the transom of described mushroom room wall bottommost, shutter 12 is installed, when described mushroom room 1 interior blast is greater than extraneous blast, the blade of shutter 12 is outwards opened the unnecessary indoor exhaust air of discharge, when in described mushroom room, blast is less than extraneous blast, the blade of shutter 12 closes to close with the external world and disconnects.In the time having outdoor air to introduce, in mushroom room, blast is greater than the external world, louvre blade opens outward, and unnecessary waste gas outwards discharges.If blower fan only carries out inner air circulation, bottom, mushroom room blast is lower than the external world, and louvre blade closes and closes downwards, disconnects with the external world.
A Cultural control technique for agaricus bisporus, described agaricus bisporus is cultivated in the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system described above room, carries out according to the following steps:
(1) charging: will complete without the agaricus bisporus compost of one time fermentation flow process, regulated moisture and carry in mushroom room, and even laminating shake up code good, keep charge level smooth.
(2) secondary fermentation: close the doors and windows rapidly, regulating air switch boards angle to make ventilating system is recurrent state in 5% outdoor air, 95% room air, opens circulation in blower fan, utilizes microbial activities to promote windrow self-heating to heat up.Utilize temp probe to follow the tracks of in time temperature in material temperature (bacterium bed material heart temperature) and mushroom room, through the circulation of 8～12h, the upper and lower temperature in mushroom room and material temperature reach equilibrium state substantially.When material temperature cannot rise and during lower than 60 DEG C, start to burn steam and import mushroom room.Keep blower fan in interior recurrent state, in the time that multiple spot material temperature reaches 60 DEG C in mushroom room, start timing, control material temperature and be stabilized between 58～62 DEG C, cut off external heat steam after maintaining 8h.
Regulate air switch boards angle to make outdoor air account for 10%, after the 0.5h of interval, observe the variation of material temperature and temperature, regulate air switch boards angle to make 0.75 DEG C of material temperature decline per hour, until material temperature steadily drops to 52 DEG C, again regulate air switch boards angle control material temperature to maintain between 50～52 DEG C, maintain 4～5 day time, finally regulate air switch boards that transverse pipe is closed, open gate, mushroom room, whole bed is sowed in utilization after ventilating material temperature being cooled to rapidly to 25 DEG C.
(3) sowing: sowing adopts and broadcasts sowing method, matrix is with wheat kind for well, and usage amount is 750ml/ m
2.When sowing, first broadcast sowing 50% on bed surface, charge level is shaken up to allow and sink in material under bacterial classification, then by whole bed surface compacting good, middle a little more than both sides, be curvature of the spinal column type.Then remaining 50% bacterial classification is sown in to bed surface, light compression set type.
(4) send out bacterium: sowing is closed the doors and windows, first three days mushroom room keeps air-tight state, if temperature drift can save air switch boards angle and makes ventilating system contain 5% outdoor air to lower the temperature in mushroom room, after 3 days, every day timing makes ventilating system with 10% the outdoor air 0.5h that ventilates, and adjust outdoor air according to material temperature and mushroom room temperature actual conditions, after 7 days, under mycelia field planting good situations, can give full outdoor air ventilates once, and select ventilation time and control temperature steady in conjunction with outside air temperature, prevent from significantly gliding, thereafter, every day is according to the physical condition of material temperature and temperature, CO in mushroom room
2concentration situation adopts different outdoor airs to enter mushroom room ratio and time, should ensure the demand of amount of oxygen in mushroom room, avoids again the acute variation of material temperature and temperature in mushroom room, note during this time maintaining in mushroom room between space humidity 70%～80% 25 DEG C of left and right of material temperature.20～25 days mycelia of normal conditions are revealed the exact details full.
(5) earthing management: after the saturating bed of mycelia, cover the earthing that thickness is 3～4cm, carry out a large moisturizing of earthing, until bacterium bed surface forage is moistening.Then should give a certain amount of outdoor air supply every day, promote bacterium bed mycelia to climb soil, will maintain space humidity in 85% left and right, 25 DEG C of left and right of material temperature simultaneously.Avoid during this time ventilating strong, cause earthing top layer too dry, initiation fruiting position is too low.10 days mycelia of normal conditions are revealed the exact details full.
(6) the management of producing mushroom stage: in the time that bacterium bed has more than 80% mushroom mycelium to begin to crop up, can spray knot mushroom water, with the water column of high-pressure spray gun, mycelia is pressed into the place of 0.5cm under soil layer, strengthen outdoor air ventilation volume after fetching water, material temperature is steadily down to 18 DEG C of left and right.Then carry out ventilation according to the knot situation of fruit body and outside air temperature, after each ventilation, should continue interior circulation 0.5 hour, ensure the oxygen supply equilibrium of inside, mushroom room.After ventilating system management by certain hour, manager can make the outdoor air on the same day according to material temperature, temperature and outside air temperature condition in mushroom room gradually and supply with ratio, and whole management process not only simply but also convenient, had been saved a large amount of time of manager.
After 3～4 days, when fruit body knot grows to soya bean size, should strengthen outdoor air ventilation and start to spray fruiting water, mainly maintain the water demand of sporophore growth.After spraying water, regulate air switch boards to make outdoor air account for 50% ratio and ventilate greatly, to the water stain-free of mushroom flower bud surface, close air inlet pipe and carry out shutting down rest after interior circulation 0.5h.Thereafter give 5% outdoor air ratio, interval 0.5h start work 1h, adopts electrotimer automatically to control.Control during this time material temperature and maintain 18 DEG C of left and right.
After 2～3 days, fruit body entered the picking period, should continue to strengthen outdoor air ventilation, excessive for avoiding ventilating, adjustable outdoor air 20% ratio continuity ventilation time, and the ventilating management of water spray is with reference to above-mentioned during this time.Maintain during this time space, mushroom room humidity 85%～95%.
(7) pluck: when fruiting sporophore growth is to diameter 3～5cm size, gently pinch fruit body and should gather in time when strong, slightly flexible.When harvesting, should pin fruit body both sides, light pressure rotation just can be adopted lower fruit body, puts down gently to turnover basket.When harvesting, should try not to touch the fruit body of closing on, in order to avoid cause the death of periphery fruit body, cause the underproduction.
(8) change of tide management: a damp mushroom was conventionally concentrated and adopted at 3～4 days, and will remain little mushroom, sick mushroom, dead mushroom, mycorhiza and concentrate and remove, smooth bed surface, replenish new soil after little ventilation impel material temperature rise.Material temperature control material temperature is maintained to 2～3 days, 21 DEG C of left and right.Spray after change of tide water, strengthen ventilation material temperature is steadily down to 18 DEG C of left and right, promote the growth of the second damp fruit body.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with a ventilating system room, comprise the raw edible fungi mushroom house of the mixing grass of brick, it is characterized in that: described mushroom room comprises the wall with transom and has the roof of thermal-insulating sealing, is also provided with the semi-automatic circulating ventilation system that improves ventilated environment in mushroom room in described mushroom room.
2. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system according to claim 1 room, is characterized in that: described roof comprises plastic film, asphalt felt, sponge complex heat-preservation reflective membrane and the tile arranged along arriving within doors exterior direction.
3. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system according to claim 1 room, it is characterized in that: described fly net adopts the steel wire fly net of 70 order density, in described transom, be provided with inserted sheet dipping type slideway, in described inserted sheet dipping type slideway, be provided with glass or the waterproof plastic shrouding of transom sealing.
4. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system according to claim 1 room, is characterized in that: described semi-automatic circulating ventilation system comprises ventilation shaft, centrifugal axial flow blower, plastics air duct, measures temp. and humidity and CO in mushroom room
2instrumentation and electrotimer, described ventilation shaft comprises the transverse pipe that is above the ground level and arranges, described transverse pipe is arranged on bacterium bed and moves towards on a perpendicular side wall, on the two ends of described transverse pipe and middle part sidewall, be provided with towards the air vent of bacterium bed, described transverse pipe upper side wall middle part is vertically connected with vertical duct, on described vertical duct, be provided with the air inlet pipe being communicated with mushroom room outer air, described air inlet pipe and vertical duct junction are provided with rotating air switch boards, when described air switch boards is vertical with metope, vertical duct is not communicated with transverse pipe air, when described switching air valve is parallel with metope, air inlet pipe is not communicated with vertical duct air, described centrifugal axial flow blower is installed on this metope, the air inlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower is communicated with vertical duct, this connectivity part is higher than air inlet pipe, the gas outlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower is communicated with the plastics air duct that is arranged on mushroom house top/bottom part, described plastics air duct parallels layout with bacterium bed trend, described plastics air duct bottom is along its axial uniform venthole that offers, described electrotimer receives the data of instrumentation and controls the running of centrifugal axial flow blower.
5. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system according to claim 4 room, is characterized in that: the porch of described air inlet pipe is provided with fly net.
6. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system according to claim 4 room, is characterized in that: the gas outlet of described centrifugal axial flow blower and plastics air duct connectivity part are provided with the bend pipe that reduces windage.
7. the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system according to claim 1 room, it is characterized in that: on the transom of described mushroom room wall bottommost, shutter is installed, when in described mushroom room, blast is greater than extraneous blast, the blade of shutter is outwards opened the unnecessary indoor exhaust air of discharge, when in described mushroom room, blast is less than extraneous blast, the blade of shutter closes to close with the external world and disconnects.
8. a Cultural control technique for agaricus bisporus, described agaricus bisporus is cultivated in the mixed mushroom of the agaricus bisporus brick with ventilating system as claimed in claim 1 room, it is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
(1) the secondary fermentation stage: after good composts or fertilisers of cultivating layering uniform coding good one time fermentation, close the doors and windows rapidly, regulating air switch boards angle to make ventilating system is 5% outdoor air, recurrent state in 95% room air, open blower fan and carry out interior circulation, utilize microbial activities to promote windrow self-heating to heat up, follow the tracks of in time temperature in material temperature and mushroom room with temp probe, through the circulation of 8～12h, the upper and lower temperature in mushroom room and material temperature reach equilibrium state, then burn steam and import mushroom room, keep blower fan in interior recurrent state, in the time that material temperature reaches 60 DEG C in mushroom room, start timing, controlling material temperature is stabilized between 58～62 DEG C, after maintaining 8h, cut off vapours, regulate air switch boards angle to make outdoor air account for 10%, interval 0.5h observes the variation of material temperature and temperature, regulate air switch boards angle to make 0.75 DEG C of material temperature decline per hour, until material temperature steadily drops to 52 DEG C, again regulate air switch boards angle control material temperature to maintain between 50～52 DEG C, maintain 4～5 day time, finally regulate air switch boards that transverse pipe is closed, open gate, mushroom room, after utilizing ventilation that material temperature is cooled to rapidly to 25 DEG C, sow whole bed,
(2) cultural hypha: first three days mushroom room keeps air-tight state, if temperature drift can save air switch boards angle and makes ventilating system contain 5% outdoor air to lower the temperature in mushroom room, after 3 days, every day timing makes ventilating system with 10% the outdoor air 0.5h that ventilates, and adjust outdoor air according to material temperature and mushroom room temperature actual conditions, after 7 days, under mycelia field planting good situations, can give full outdoor air ventilates once, and select ventilation time and control temperature steady in conjunction with outside air temperature, prevent from significantly gliding, thereafter, every day is according to the physical condition of material temperature and temperature, CO in mushroom room
2concentration situation adopts different outdoor airs to enter mushroom room ratio and time, should ensure the demand of amount of oxygen in mushroom room, avoids again the acute variation of material temperature and temperature in mushroom room,
(3) the management of producing mushroom stage: after the saturating bed of mycelia, cover earthing, should give a certain amount of outdoor air supply every day, promote bacterium bed mycelia to climb soil, to maintain space humidity in 85% left and right simultaneously, avoid during this time ventilating strong, cause earthing top layer too dry, cause fruiting position too low, in the time that bacterium bed has more than 80% mycelia to begin to crop up, should beat in time fruiting water, mycelia is pressed into the place of 0.5cm under soil layer, after fetching water, note strengthening outdoor air ventilation amount, then control certain outdoor air increment every day according to the knot situation of fruit body and outside air temperature situation, note should continuing interior circulation 0.5 hour after each supplementary outdoor air, ensure the oxygen supply equilibrium of inside, mushroom room, improve after the management control of certain hour, manager every morning can be according to material temperature in mushroom room, the outdoor air that temperature and outside air temperature condition are made the same day enters mushroom room supply ratio.
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