CN103848541A - Method for preparing efficient agricultural water filtration system for slope land - Google Patents
Method for preparing efficient agricultural water filtration system for slope land Download PDFInfo
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- CN103848541A CN103848541A CN201410036089.7A CN201410036089A CN103848541A CN 103848541 A CN103848541 A CN 103848541A CN 201410036089 A CN201410036089 A CN 201410036089A CN 103848541 A CN103848541 A CN 103848541A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water filtration system formed by a header field, a vegetative filter strip and a filter pond, wherein the vegetative filter strip is arranged between the heater field and the filter pond and used for filtering rainfall runoff erosion sediments and nonpoint source pollutants; the filter tank is used for filtering straw sundries entering the vegetable filter strip; effluent of the filter pond is connected to a water storage device; the length of the vegetable filtering strip along the radial direction is 5-7m; the width is not smaller than 3m; the gradient is not greater than 1%. The vegetable filter strip adopts an energy forage switchgrass of which the planting coverage is over 80%, and the height of the energy forage switchgrass is greater than 30cm. Theoretical calculation and test detection prove that the maximal intercept effects of the vegetable filter strip on the total phosphorus and the sediment respectively achieve 93.6% and 98.62%, the maximal intercept effect on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) achieves 56%, and the intercept effect on the sediment and the pollutants is significant. If the water quality is further requested, the activated carbon or a medical stone layer can be added to the filter pond to improve the water quality. A clean water source is provided for high-efficiency agriculture, and an environmental economic cycle is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to drought-hit area agriculture production and improvement of the ecological environment water saving, retaining and water conservation technical field, be specifically related to the preparation method of a kind of novel hillside fields high-efficiency agriculture water filtering system.
Background technology
Implement in conceding the land to forestry and grass process extensive in order to solve the many area ecological environment construction of China, facing population increases, shortage of land resource, the outstanding problem such as grain security, water safety, many places are if loess plateau is in development hillside fields high-efficiency agriculture, to water and soil resources are efficiently utilized.And in Loess Plateau development high-efficiency agriculture, need to solve shortage of water that arid causes with soil erosion, water source sediment concentration that erosion sediment causes is high, rainwater utilization sedimentation basin cost is high, desilting efficiency is low, desilting complexity, easily destroy the husky efficient problems such as difficulty of utilizing of water.Seek a kind ofly can utilize the silt rich nutritive material that rainfall runoff carries to produce economic benefit and ecological benefits, again can filtering silt pollution thing and the filtering system of cheap economic environment protection ecological type source of clean water be exactly reality urgent need.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one to meet hillside fields, drought-hit area reality, can make full use of local water and soil resources, develop a circular economy, practicality and high efficiency, ecological, environmental protective, constructability, and cheap novel hillside fields high-efficiency agriculture water filtering system preparation method.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of hillside fields high-efficiency agriculture water filtering system preparation method, is characterized in that, the method adopts current collecting field, Vegetative Filter Strips and filtering pond composition water filtering system, wherein:
Current collecting field is used for collecting rainfall runoff;
Vegetative Filter Strips, between Ji Yuchang and filtering pond, for filtering erosion sediment and the area source pollutants of rainfall runoff, and absorbs rich nutritive material and prevention soil and water loss in rainfall runoff;
Filtering pond is for filtering the faggot and the foreign material that enter through Vegetative Filter Strips, and the length in filtering pond is more than 3 meters, and transversal face width is 30cm × 50cm deeply.The water outlet in filtering pond is connected to water-storing device;
In filtering pond, lay successively from the bottom to top the above coarse-grained sandstone of 20mm, 10-20mm coarse-grained sandstone, 5-10mm coarse-grained sandstone and be less than the sand filter blanket that the thick fine-grained sandstone of 5mm forms; With water quality requirement, suitably simplify or add sand filter blanket;
Described Vegetative Filter Strips is 5～7 meters along the length of footpath flow path direction, and width is not less than 3 meters, and the gradient is less than 1%;
In described Vegetative Filter Strips, plant and be implanted with the energy type herbage switchgrass that is highly greater than 30cm, and this energy type herbage switchgrass in the fraction of coverage of Vegetative Filter Strips more than 80%;
The plantation of energy type herbage switchgrass follows these steps to implement:
1) along the smooth long 5-7 rice of footpath flow path direction, be widely not less than 3 meters, in easy flights in 1% Vegetative Filter Strips.The ground surface soil of Vegetative Filter Strips is dug to pine, cut weeds and foreign material, then apply fertilizer to the subsoil in Vegetative Filter Strips, base fertilizer is selected phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and is prepared by weight 1:1, and every mu of consumption 7.5kg～15kg, is conducive to energy type herbage switchgrass plant growth of seedling;
2) select to deposit to be no more than 3 years, the energy type herbage switchgrass seed of seedling rate more than 75%, by crossing rake after every square meter 0.8g～1.0g uniform broadcasting, Vegetative Filter Strips soil should be yellow soil or clay, planting depth is 1～2cm;
3) after planting note irrigating, irrigate the frequency and press per week 1 time, to ensure the relative humidity of 0-10cm soil layer, maintain soil field normal moisture capacity; Note controlling weeds seedling stage, after 30-45 days, energy type herbage switchgrass grows tall to 30cm, and the fraction of coverage of Vegetative Filter Strips reaches more than 80%;
4) after energy type herbage switchgrass news in annual autumn, single cradles, and stays 30cm stubble, to recover growth next spring.
The Slopeland Agriculture water filtering system that adopts the inventive method to build, utilize energy type herbage switchgrass economic worth high, interception good purification, by plantation energy type herbage switchgrass, form Vegetative Filter Strips interception rainfall runoff silt, Vegetative Filter Strips is by absorbing runoff and sediment nutrient rich as nitrogen phosphorus and area source pollutants, accelerating growth, (in this test, energy type tame hay switchgrass output can reach 1.445kg/m not only to increase economic worth
2, income 10-20 unit/m
2), and by energy type herbage switchgrass Littoral Barrier and nutrient rich (N/P), supplement growth desired nutritional, for high-efficiency agriculture provides source of clean water, form environment-friendly cycle economy.By filtering pond, further filter from Vegetative Filter Strips by the material grass storm runoff band.As water quality being had to further requirement, can increase medical stone or gac etc. in filtering pond to increase water quality.Detect proof through Theoretical Calculation and experiment, energy type herbage switchgrass reaches respectively 98.62% and 93.6% to silt and the maximum interception result of total phosphorus, and the maximum interception result of COD is reached to 56%, obvious to silt and pollutent interception result.The filtering pond of laying different-grain diameter sandstone is high to the big scale faggot intercepting efficiency under the rainfall runoff band of the zone of vegetation, and it is different that the clear water pollutant purification effect of filtration is added material with filtering pond.
The preparation method of hillside fields of the present invention high-efficiency agriculture water filtering system, construction is simple, convenient, and laid down cost is that traditional settling pit laid down cost 1/3, desilting efficiency improve 30%-50%, and the efficiency of management improves 300%-500%, needs hardly management.The Vegetative Filter Strips that energy type herbage switchgrass forms belongs to perennial plant, once plantation, can gather in the crops for many years, not only can filter and utilize the husky runoff of water, also can be used as the raw material of energy type herbage and extraction ethanol petrol, turn waste into wealth, benefit-cost-ratio is greater than more than 10, has overcome traditional settling pit desilting efficiency low, and complex structure silt sediment is removed difficulty, the destructible of enduring cold, builds the high-leveled and difficult shortcoming to promote of rehabilitation cost.Its plantation can operate after simple technique training, without engineering maintenance cost, is convenient to application.Can replace the high poor efficiency of now widely used valency to use inconvenient farmland rainwater harvesting sedimentation basin, development hillside fields high-efficiency agriculture is had to important practical significance and practical value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is hillside fields of the present invention high-efficiency agriculture water filtering system two dimensional structure and longitudinal plane structure schematic diagram.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Core technology of the present invention is to utilize energy type herbage switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) to coordinate with filtering pond as Vegetative Filter Strips, Vegetative Filter Strips is for filtering erosion sediment and the area source pollutants of rainfall runoff, further increase water quality in filtering pond, irrigate even domestic water for high-efficiency agriculture clean water source is provided, to replace current poor efficiency, expense high and manage the miniature sedimentation basin of inconvenient rainwater harvesting, for development loess plateau and hillside fields, vast arid and semi-arid erosion area high-efficiency agriculture water provide technical support.
Energy type herbage switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) belongs to Gramineae (Gramineae) broomcorn millet subfamily (Panicoideae.A.Br) Panicum, is a kind of perennial C
4season type dogstail plant.Owing to having more powerful rhizome system, resistance is more intense, higher to the utilising efficiency of moisture, nutrient.
The stem stalk vertical growth of energy type herbage switchgrass, grows thickly more, and over-ground part height can reach 0.5～3.0m, and biomass dry weight output exceedes 1kg/m
2, the output value of energy type herbage switchgrass reaches as high as 10-20 unit/m
2, there are some researches show, the ethanol conversion ability of energy type herbage switchgrass exceedes corn, and every mu of energy type herbage switchgrass production capacity is equivalent to 3-4 ton standard coal, and average annual net energy output reaches 60MJ/m
2.Its root system degree of depth can reach 3m, has the ecological value of good solid soil, solid carbon.Therefore, energy type herbage switchgrass, as the raw material of reproducible clean fuel, can reduce soil erosion and desertification, is subject to extensively paying attention to both at home and abroad.
Vegetative Filter Strips by plantation energy type herbage switchgrass is compared with common Vegetative Filter Strips, the energy type herbage switchgrass of plantation has many advantages, the vitality of energy type herbage switchgrass is extremely indomitable, growth rapidly, can grow in arid, the soil of impeded drainage, cold performance is also better, grass yield is large, is common careless 15～20 times.Energy type herbage switchgrass can be used as a kind of herbage, development aquaculture industry.Also can be used for refining alcohol fuel, become substitute energy, USDOE and the Ministry of Agriculture set it as cellulosic ethanol transformation mode plant.
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation method of Slopeland Agriculture water filtering system, adopts current collecting field 1, Vegetative Filter Strips 2 and filtering pond composition filtering system, wherein:
The faggot foreign material that filtering pond 3 enters due to rainfall runoff for filtering Vegetative Filter Strips 2, the water outlet in filtering pond 3 is connected to water-storing device as irrigating even life water source;
The length in filtering pond 3 is generally more than 3 meters, transversal face width is generally 30cm × 50cm deeply, lays successively from the bottom to top the sand filter blanket (each thickness of sand filter blanket is respectively 10cm) of the above coarse-grained sandstone of 20mm, 10-20mm coarse-grained sandstone, 5-10mm coarse-grained sandstone and thick fine-grained sandstone composition below 5mm in filtering pond 3; If water quality requirement is high, need to add special sand filter blanket material for water treatment, as medical stone or gac etc.
The interior kind of Vegetative Filter Strips 2 is implanted with the energy type herbage switchgrass that is highly greater than 30cm, and this energy type herbage switchgrass in the fraction of coverage of Vegetative Filter Strips more than 80%;
The plantation of energy type herbage switchgrass follows these steps to implement:
1) collect the long 5-7 rice in smooth gentle slope between rainwater and filtering pond 3 at current collecting field 1, it is wide that to be not less than the soil of 3 meters in easy flights in 1% towards water-storing device direction as Vegetative Filter Strips 2(Vegetative Filter Strips 2) as Fig. 1, Vegetative Filter Strips 2 is yellow soil or clay, the ground surface soil of Vegetative Filter Strips 2 is dug to pine, cut weeds and foreign material, then apply fertilizer to the subsoil, base fertilizer is selected phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer (calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate) and is prepared by weight 1:1, every mu of consumption 7.5kg～15kg, is conducive to energy type herbage switchgrass plant growth of seedling;
2) select to deposit to be no more than 3 years, the energy type herbage switchgrass seed of seedling rate more than 75%, by crossing rake, yellow soil or clay planting depth 1-2cm after every square meter 0.8-1.0g uniform broadcasting;
3) after planting note irrigating, irrigate the frequency and press every star all 1 time, to ensure the relative humidity of 0-10cm soil layer, maintain soil field normal moisture capacity; Note controlling weeds seedling stage, after 30-45 days, energy type herbage switchgrass grows tall to 30cm, can reach more than 80% in the fraction of coverage of Vegetative Filter Strips 2;
4) energy type herbage switchgrass, on the one hand as Vegetative Filter Strips 2, can be used as on the other hand energy type herbage and makes ethanol raw material, and after interrogating annual autumn, single cradles, and stays 30cm stubble, to recover growth next spring.
Theoretical Calculation and Planting In Loess Plateau through applicant facts have proved, energy type herbage switchgrass has very high interdiction capability as Vegetative Filter Strips to rainfall runoff silt and pollutent.And energy type herbage switchgrass economic ecology utility value is high, interception good purification, by plantation energy type herbage switchgrass, form Vegetative Filter Strips interception rainfall runoff silt, Vegetative Filter Strips is by absorbing runoff and sediment nutrient rich and area source pollutants, accelerating growth, not only can increase economic worth, and by Littoral Barrier and nutrient rich, supplement growth desired nutritional, for high-efficiency agriculture provides source of clean water, form environment-friendly cycle economy.By filtering pond, further filter from Vegetative Filter Strips by the material grass storm runoff band.As water quality being had to further requirement, can increase gac or medical stone etc. in filtering pond to increase water quality until reach and drink.
Show according to applicant's experiment, this system building cost is 1/3 of traditional settling pit laid down cost, and desilting efficiency has improved 30%-50%, and the efficiency of management improves 300%-500%, needs hardly management.
Through simulated rain trails checking, this system is high to the interception result of silt and pollutent, and concrete interception result is in table 1.
Table 1: filtering system is to Rainfall Runoff interception result table
Detect proof through Theoretical Calculation and experiment, it reaches respectively 98.62% and 93.6% to silt and the maximum interception result of total phosphorus, and the maximum interception result of COD is reached to 56%, obvious to silt and pollutent interception result.And common miniature settling pit can only play the effect of sedimentation silt, its intercepting efficiency can only reach 30%-50%, and cost is high, and maintenance cost is high; Native system can not only increase greenery area, reduce production costs, and can effectively tackle the pollutent utilizing in rainfall runoff, can reach respectively more than 90%, 85% and 50% the intercepting efficiency of silt, total phosphorus, COD, can also gather in the crops energy type herbage switchgrass and increase economic worth, than common settling pit, its Littoral Barrier and pollutent effect are remarkable, can effectively clean rainfall runoff, increase economic benefit.
Through the current in Vegetative Filter Strips 2, after the interception of energy type herbage switchgrass, sediment charge is little, substantially reaches the drip irrigation of national regulation to sediment concentration requirement.If run into heavy rain, meeting is some faggots from Vegetative Filter Strips 2 bands, can in filtering pond 3, some coarse-grained sandstones interceptions of filling filter.If water quality is had to particular requirement, need the sand filter blanket in filtering pond 3 to design by particular requirement.
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method for hillside fields high-efficiency agriculture water filtering system, is characterized in that, the method adopts current collecting field (1), Vegetative Filter Strips (2) and filtering pond (3) composition water filtering system, wherein:
Current collecting field (1) is for collecting rainfall runoff;
Vegetative Filter Strips (2) is positioned between Ji Yuchang (1) and filtering pond (3), for filtering erosion sediment and the area source pollutants of rainfall runoff, and absorbs rich nutritive material and prevention soil and water loss in rainfall runoff;
Filtering pond (3) is for filtering the faggot and the foreign material that enter through Vegetative Filter Strips (2), and the water outlet of filtering pond (3) is connected to water-storing device;
In filtering pond (3), lay successively from the bottom to top the above coarse-grained sandstone of 20mm, 10-20mm coarse-grained sandstone, 5-10mm coarse-grained sandstone and be less than the sand filter blanket that the thick fine-grained sandstone of 5mm forms; With water quality requirement, suitably simplify or add sand filter blanket;
Described Vegetative Filter Strips (2) is 5～7 meters along the length of footpath flow path direction, and width is not less than 3 meters, and the gradient is less than 1%;
In described Vegetative Filter Strips (2), plant and be implanted with the energy type herbage switchgrass that is highly greater than 30cm, and this energy type herbage switchgrass in the fraction of coverage of Vegetative Filter Strips (2) more than 80%;
The plantation of energy type herbage switchgrass follows these steps to implement:
1) smooth Vegetative Filter Strips (2), the ground surface soil of Vegetative Filter Strips (2) is dug to pine, cut weeds and foreign material, then apply fertilizer to the subsoil in Vegetative Filter Strips (2), base fertilizer is selected phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and is prepared by weight 1:1, every mu of consumption 7.5kg～15kg, is conducive to energy type herbage switchgrass plant growth of seedling.
2) select to deposit to be no more than 3 years, the energy type herbage switchgrass seed of seedling rate more than 75%, by crossing rake after every square meter 0.8g～1.0g uniform broadcasting, Vegetative Filter Strips (2) is yellow soil or clay, planting depth is 1～2cm;
3) after planting note irrigating, irrigate the frequency and press per week 1 time, to ensure the relative humidity of 0-10cm soil layer, maintain soil field normal moisture capacity; When seedling stage, note controlling weeds, after 30-45 days, energy type herbage switchgrass grows tall to 30cm, reaches more than 80% in the fraction of coverage of Vegetative Filter Strips (2);
4) after energy type herbage switchgrass news in annual autumn, single cradles, and stays 30cm stubble, to recover growth next spring.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described current collecting field (1) comprises road, hillside fields, dirt road or the field of not carrying out special processing.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the length in described filtering pond (3) is more than 3 meters, and transversal face width is 30cm × 50cm deeply.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described interpolation sand filter blanket is active carbon layer or the medical stone layer of special water purification.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN107330182A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | The method that strength degradation based on humidification conditions calculates safety factor of slope |
| CN108218120A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-29 | 河海大学 | A kind of river and lake shore bank band compound intercepting system of Runoff contaminants |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109607796A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of method of non-point pollution ecology prevention and control |
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