CN103829347A - 一种花椒的保鲜工艺 - Google Patents
一种花椒的保鲜工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103829347A CN103829347A CN201410078082.1A CN201410078082A CN103829347A CN 103829347 A CN103829347 A CN 103829347A CN 201410078082 A CN201410078082 A CN 201410078082A CN 103829347 A CN103829347 A CN 103829347A
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- Prior art keywords
- prickly ash
- chinese prickly
- pepper
- fresh
- antistaling process
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种花椒的保鲜工艺,包括原料筛选、配料、速冻、储藏步骤,具体包括:选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒备用;将鲜花椒中加入水混合均匀得到混合物并静置1~3h,进行分装;将分装后的混合物于-25~-30℃下进行速冻5~10min得到目标物;将速冻后的目标物进行贮存。本发明采用独特的新鲜花椒中加定量水后进行速冻的方法对新鲜花椒进行保鲜,克服了花椒以干品存放的香气损失大,保质期短或掺入其他物质影响花椒风味的缺点。本发明最大限度的保持了新鲜花椒原始风味的同时大大延长了保质期,可以达到24个月以上,并且不添加任何添加剂,保证了食品安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种花椒的保鲜工艺。
背景技术
花椒(学名:Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.),别名:檓、大椒、秦椒、蜀椒、川椒或山椒,为芸香科、花椒属落叶灌木或小乔木,可孤植又可作防护刺篱。其果皮可作为调味料,并可提取芳香油,又可入药,种子可食用,又可加工制作肥皂。花椒可除各种肉类的腥气;促进唾液分泌,增加食欲;使血管扩张,从而起到降低血压的作用。一般人群均能食用,孕妇,阴虚火旺者忌食。果实呈圆形,绿豆大小,其外皮是一种常用香料。果实成熟时红色或紫红色果皮叫椒红,种子叫椒目,都是中药材,家庭常用调味品,多见于海拔2500米的坡地,也有栽种。耐旱、喜阳光,各地多栽种。
花椒果皮中挥发油的主要成分为柠檬烯(limonene)占总油量的25.10%,1,8-桉叶素(1,8-cineole)占21.79%,月桂烯(myrcene)占11.99 %,还含a-和β-蒎烯(pinene),香桧烯(sabinene),β-水芹烯(β-phellandrene),β-罗勒烯-X(β-oximene-X),对-聚伞花素(P-cymene),a-松油烯(a-terpinene),紫苏烯(perillene),芳樟醇(l8inalool),4-松油烯酸(ter-pinen-4-ol),爱草脑(estragole),a-松油醇(a-terpineol),反式丁香烯(trans-caryophllene),乙酸松油醉酯(terpinyl acetate)、葎草烯(humulene),乙酸橙花醇酯(neryl acetate),β-荜澄茄烯(β-cadinene),乙酸牻牛儿醇酯(geranyl acetate),橙花叔醇异构体(neroklidol isomer)等。果皮还含香草木宁碱(kokusaginine),茵芋碱(skimmianine),单叶芸香品碱(haplopine),2′-羟基-N-异丁基(2E,6E,8E,10E)-十二碳四烯酰胺(2’-hydroxy-N-isobutyl-(2E,6E,8E,10E)-dodecatatraenamide),青椒碱(schinifoline)就是N-甲基-2-庚基-4-喹啉酮(N-methyl-2-heptyl-4-guinoli-none),脱肠草素(herniarin),二十九烷(n-nonacosane)。
花椒果实的挥发油中含量最多的是4-松油烯醇,占13.46%,还有辣薄荷酮(piperitone)占10.64 %,芳樟醇占9.10%,香桧烯占9.7%,柠檬烯占7.30%,邻-聚伞花素(o-cymene)占7.00%,月桂烯占3.00%以及a-和β-蒎烯,a-松油醇等。
花椒籽的挥发油中,主成分是芳樟醇占18.5%,其次是月桂烯占10.2%和叔丁基苯(tert-butylbenzene)占11.8%,还有香桧烯,a-蒎烯,柠檬烯,1,3,3-三甲基-2-氧杂双环(2.2.2)辛烷(1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane),松油醇,辣薄荷酮、(E)-3-异丙基-6-氧代-2-庚烯醛((E)-3-isopropyl-6-oxo-2-heptenal),(E)-8-甲基-5-异丙基-6,8-壬二烯-2-酮((E)-8-methyl-5isopropyl-6,8-nonadiene-2-one),4-(2,2-二甲基-6-亚甲基环已基)-3-丁烯-2-酮[4-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylenecyclohexyl)-3-buten-2-one),a-羟基-4,6-二甲氧基苯乙酮(a-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone),1,1-二甲基-4,4-二烯丙基-5-氧代-2-环乙烯(1,1-dimethyl-4,4-diallyl-5-oxocyclohex-2-one),β-古芸烯(β-gurjunene),长叶烯(longifolene),a-金合欢烯(a-farnesene),γ-荜澄茄烯(γ-cadinene),丁香三环烯(clovene)。
随着社会的不断发展,人们对生活的追求不断进步,新鲜花椒的保存成了一个非常重要的课题。目前,国内花椒多以干品存放,但鲜花椒经干燥后,香气损失大,缺乏鲜花椒特有的香气,也有采用保鲜袋、食用油浸泡等方法对鲜花椒进行保存,但均存在保质期短或带入其他物质影响鲜花椒的风味。因此,开发一种能解决上述技术问题的花椒保鲜方法是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种花椒的保鲜工艺。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,包括原料筛选、配料、速冻、储藏步骤,具体包括:
A、原料筛选:选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒备用;
B、配料:将鲜花椒中加入水混合均匀得到混合物并静置1~3h,进行分装;
C、速冻:将分装后的混合物于-25~-30℃下进行速冻5~10min得到目标物;
D、储藏:将速冻后的目标物于-2~-8℃进行冷藏。
本发明采用独特的新鲜花椒中加定量水后进行速冻的方法对新鲜花椒进行保鲜,克服了花椒以干品存放的香气损失大,保质期短或掺入其他物质影响花椒风味的缺点。本发明最大限度的保持了新鲜花椒原始风味的同时大大延长了保质期,并且不添加任何添加剂,保证了食品安全。
附图说明
图1为本发明工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明,但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制,基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,包括原料筛选、配料、速冻、储藏步骤,具体包括:
A、原料筛选:选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒备用;
B、配料:将鲜花椒中加入水混合均匀得到混合物并静置1~3h,进行分装;
C、速冻:将分装后的混合物于-25~-30℃下进行速冻5~10min得到目标物;
D、储藏:将速冻后的目标物于2~8℃进行冷藏。
所述的花椒为野花椒、大金花椒、竹叶花椒、青花椒、大红袍、大红椒、小红椒、白沙椒、豆椒中的一种。
所述的水为纯化水、蒸馏水中的一种。
B步骤中所述的鲜花椒和水的重量比为6~8:1。
所述的鲜花椒和水的重量比为7:1。
B步骤中所述的分装是按10g、50g、100g、150g、200g、250g、400g、500g、1000g每袋的规格进行包装。
C步骤中所述的静置前还包括搅拌步骤。
所述的搅拌采用磁力搅拌器,搅拌时间为10~30min。
所述的搅拌的速度为20~60r/min。
所述的贮存是放置于-2~-8℃环境下进行冷藏。
以下实施例中检测标准是依据:企业标准Q/DJH0003 S-2014,具体内容如下:
1、范围
本标准规定了速冻花椒的产品分类、技术要求、检测规则、标志、包装、运输及贮存。
本标准适用于一新鲜花椒为原料,经挑选、清理、清洗、分级、速冻、包装等工艺制成的速冻花椒。
2、规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅所注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 191 包装储运图示标志
GB 2760 食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准
GB 4789.2 食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 茵落总数测定
GB 4789.4 食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏茵测定
GB 4789.5 食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 志贺氏茵测定
GB 4789.10 食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球茵测定
GB 5009.11 食品中总砷及无机砷的测定
GB5009.12 食品安全国家标准 食品中铝的测定
GB5009.15 食品中镉的测定
GB5009.17 食品中总汞及有机汞的测定
GB5009.19 食品中有机氯农药多组分残留量的测定
GB5009.34 食品中亚硫酸黄的测定
BG5749 生活饭用水卫生标准
GB7096 食用花椒卫生标准
GB7718 食品安全国家标准 预包装食品标签通则
GB12533 花椒杂质测定
GB14881 食品安全国家标准 食品生产通用卫生规范
GB1070 定量包装商品净含量计量检验规则
SB/T 10379 速冻调制食品
国家质量监督检验检疫苗局第75号令(2005)《定量包装商品计量监督管理办法》
3、产品分类
根据产品外观颜色不同分为:青椒、红椒两类
4、技术要求
4.1原料要求
4.1.1新鲜花椒:应新鲜,颗粒饱满、成熟,无叶片等杂质,并符合GB7096要求。
4.1.2生产用水:应符合GB5749要求。
4.1.3其他原辅料:应符合相应的食品安全标准和有关规定,不得使用非食用原料和辅料。
4.2感官要求:应符合表1的规定
表1感官要求
4.3理化指标:应符合表2规定
表2理化指标
4.4 微生物指标:应符合表3的规定
表3微生物指标
4.5净含量
应符合《定量包装商品计量监督管理办法》的规定,并按JJF 1070 规定的方法检验。
4.6 食品添加剂
4.6.1 食品添加剂质量应符合相应的安全标准和有关规定。
4.6.2 食品添加剂的使用应符合GB2760的规定。
4.7 生产过程的卫生要求
应符合GB14881的规定。
5、检控规则
5.1 组批
以同一投料、同一班次生产的同一品种、同一规格的产品为一批。
5.2 抽样
抽样基数不少于50kg,以每批随即抽取不少于10个独立包装样品,样品总数量不少于5kg,样品分为两份,其中1份作检验用,另一份留作备样。
5.3 出厂检验
每批产品须经公司质量部检验合格并出据合格证方可出厂。出厂检验项目为:感官要求、净含量、品温、茵落总数。
5.4 型式检验
每年至少进行一次型检验,型式检验项目为本标准中的全部项目。有下列情况之一时,必须进行型式检验。
当原料、生产工艺、生产设备发生较大变化时;
停产半年以上重新恢复生产;
出厂检验结果与上次型式检验结果有较大差异时;
国家食品安全机构提出型式检验要求时。
5.5 判定规则
微生物指标若有一项不合格,判定该批产品为不合格产品;其他指标有不合格项目,允许从同批次产品中加倍取样复检,并以复检结果为准。
6、标志、包装、运输、贮存。
6.1 标志
6.1.1 产品销售包装的标签、标识应符合GB7718和GB28050的规定。
6.1.2 产品外包装的标志应符合GB/T 191 的规定。
6.2 包装
包装材料和容器应符合相关产品质量及食品安全要求。装封口应严密,无泄漏,不得有破损。
6.3 运输
6.3.1 运输用冷藏专用车辆。运输箱体必须符合卫生要求,应清洁、卫生、无异 味、无污染,箱体必须保持在-8℃以下。
6.3.2 产品装卸式进出冷藏库是要迅速,产品从冷藏车运出后,运输途中允许升到-5℃,但交货后必须尽快降到-8℃以下。产品送到销售点时,最高温度≤-6℃。
6.4 贮存
6.4.1 原料、辅料、半成品、成品应分开放置,原料、成品应贮存在清洁、卫生、无异味的冷藏库内。辅料应贮存在清洁、卫生、无异味的库房内。禁止与有毒、有害、有异味、有腐蚀性、易污染的货物混贮混放。
6.4.2 原料冷藏库的温度应保持在5℃~2℃,成品冷藏库内的温度应保持在-8℃。
6.4.3 冷藏库内产品的堆码应不阻碍空气循环,与冷藏库墙、顶棚和地面的间隔不少于10㎝。
6.5 保质期
在符合标准上述贮存运输条件下,保质期为24个月。
实施例1
选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒10Kg,加入2Kg纯化水混合均匀得到混合物并静置1h,分装成100g/袋,于-25℃下进行速冻5min得到目标物,与2~8℃进行贮存。
将上述目标物贮存储存了3个月时检测,其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 6个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 12个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 18个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;24个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;25个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;26个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标正常,微生物指标略有变化。
实施例2
选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒10Kg,加入1.25Kg蒸馏水混合均匀得到混合物并静置3h,分装成10g/袋,于-30℃下进行速冻5min得到目标物,与2~8℃进行贮存。
将上述目标物贮存储存了3个月时检测,其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 6个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 12个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 18个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;24个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;25个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;26个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;27个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标正常,微生物指标略有变化。
实施例3
选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒10Kg,加入1.5Kg纯化水混合均匀得到混合物并以20r/min转速搅拌30min,静置2h,分装成1000g/袋,于-28℃下进行速冻10min得到目标物,与2~8℃进行贮存。
将上述目标物贮存储存了3个月时检测,其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 6个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 12个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 18个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;24个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;25个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 26个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标正常,微生物指标略有变化。
实施例4
选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒10Kg,加入1.3Kg纯化水混合均匀得到混合物并静置2h,分装成500g/袋,于-26℃下进行速冻8min得到目标物,与2~8℃进行贮存。
将上述目标物贮存储存了3个月时检测,其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 6个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 12个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 18个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;24个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;25个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;26个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;27个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;28个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标正常,微生物指标略有变化。
实施例5
选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒10Kg,加入1.4Kg纯化水混合均匀得到混合物并以60r/min转速搅拌10min,静置3h,分装成200g/袋,于-27℃下进行速冻6min得到目标物,与2~8℃进行贮存。
将上述目标物贮存储存了3个月时检测,其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 6个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 12个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 18个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;24个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;25个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常;26个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标、微生物指标正常; 27个月时检测,目标物其外观、气味、理化指标正常,微生物指标略有变化。
结论:从实施例1~5的检测结果来看,本发明保鲜工艺制备的鲜花椒保存期能够长达24个月以上,最大限度的保持了新鲜花椒原始风味的同时大大延长了保质期,并且不添加任何添加剂,保证了食品安全。
Claims (10)
1.一种花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于包括原料筛选、配料、速冻、储藏步骤,具体包括:
A、原料筛选:选择新鲜采摘的椒粒大小均匀,无污渍,无污物附着和无杂质的鲜花椒备用;
B、配料:将鲜花椒中加入水混合均匀得到混合物并静置1~3h,进行分装;
C、速冻:将分装后的混合物于-25~-30℃下进行速冻5~10min得到目标物;
D、储藏:将速冻后的目标物进行贮存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于所述的花椒为野花椒、大金花椒、竹叶花椒、青花椒、大红袍、大红椒、小红椒、白沙椒、豆椒中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于所述的水为纯化水、蒸馏水中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于B步骤中所述的鲜花椒和水的重量比为6~8:1。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于所述的鲜花椒和水的重量比为7:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于B步骤中所述的分装是按10g、50g、100g、150g、200g、250g、400g、500g、1000g每袋的规格进行包装。
7.根据权利要求1所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于C步骤中所述的静置前还包括搅拌步骤。
8.根据权利要求7所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于所述的搅拌采用磁力搅拌器,搅拌时间为10~30min。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于所述的搅拌的速度为20~60r/min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的花椒的保鲜工艺,其特征在于D步骤所述的贮存是放置于-2~-8℃环境下进行冷藏。
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