CN103821107A - Ecological bank protection structure combining boxes and insertion plates - Google Patents
Ecological bank protection structure combining boxes and insertion plates Download PDFInfo
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- CN103821107A CN103821107A CN201410068481.XA CN201410068481A CN103821107A CN 103821107 A CN103821107 A CN 103821107A CN 201410068481 A CN201410068481 A CN 201410068481A CN 103821107 A CN103821107 A CN 103821107A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological bank protection structure combining boxes and insertion plates. A first-level hard protection bank, a bank protection platform and a second-level flexible protection bank are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The first-level hard protection band is of a structure combining the prefabricated water-pervious steel bar concrete boxes and the insertion plates, each box is almost a square hollow box, the insertion plates are square, every two adjacent boxes are connected through the insertion plates, each insertion plate is fixed in clamping grooves in the middle of the outer walls on the two sides of the corresponding box, the crest level of each box is 0.4 m-0.6 m lower than a normal water level, the insertion plates are 0.8 m-1.2 m higher than the corresponding box and are 0.4 m-0.6 m away from the water facing vertical face of the corresponding box, a grid-type wave eliminating structure is formed on each water facing vertical face, and an open-type plate wave-resisting structure is formed on the upper portion of each structure. The tops of the boxes are covered with soil so that reeds and other protection plants can be planted, and concrete is poured on a bywater side of each box for blocking soil. Ship waves can be effectively reduced, the variety of off-shore water currents is improved, materials are saved, project manufacturing cost is reduced, and ecological benefits and economic benefits are both obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological protection method of cruiseway shore protection, particularly relate to a kind of casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure that is applicable to restricted waterway, belong to cruiseway regulating structure building technology field.
Background technology
In navigable river and artificial navigation channel, in order to prevent erosion, ship wave washes away, ship collision etc. destroys riverbank, often adopt the high-strength materials such as stone, concrete, reinforcing bar to the covering of hardening of navigation channel bank slope.But along with people are more and more higher to the desired value of ecological environment, these rigidity revetments have isolated the relation of water body and soil, the matter and energy circulating system between water-soil-plant-biology is destroyed, and ecological environment is caused and coerced; The extensive application of the grey hard materials such as concrete also causes and coerces River Landscape.Therefore, since the eighties in 20th century, the states such as Germany, Switzerland have proposed " getting close to natural river " concept and " natural type shore protection " technology, utilize plant and engineering material, structure has the bank slope system of ecological functions, by the function such as self-organizing and self-regeneration of ecological engineering, realize bank slope Anti-erosion, support stormy waves, pollution-reducing, reach and maintain bank slope plant life environment, improve bank slope animal and microorganism habitat quality, build the healthy navigation channel ecosystem and improve the targets such as human settlement.
In recent years China, in city river is administered, introduces ecological revetment technology developed rapidly, has obtained good ecology and social benefit.In cruiseway training works, ecological revetment technology also comes into one's own, but because natural environment and the external action of navigation channel and city river differ larger, as large to the souring of bank slope in ship wave in restricted waterway, navigation channel ecological revetment technology has the requirement of himself, has carried out the exploration that many ecological revetments are built both at home and abroad.The material adopting according to bank protection structure, at present navigation channel ecological revetment can be summarized as two large classes, and a class is riverbed beach or the gentle slope that is applicable to the broad and warmer climate in waters, the vegetation type ecological revetment take plant protection as leading; Another kind ofly be limited for river width or need the bank slope of artificial treatment, adopt plant and comprehensive ecological revetment natural or that artificial material combines, effort averages out between bank slope protection and ecological protection.
Vegetation type shore protection mainly adopts plant and the vegetable material etc. of well developed root system to carry out solid soil protection to bank slope, such as timber/branch, reed, vetiver, palm mat, three dimension geotechnical gauze pad, ecology bag etc., the ecoscape of this class formation and to subdue ship wave effect better, but the resistance to overturning of erosion resistibility and bank protection structure and durability are more difficult to get assurance.Rigidity revetment is mainly made up of concrete structure or reinforced concrete structure etc., for example imitative timber, tabular, gabion, laid dry or cemented rock, " honeycomb " barricade, the chain mask piece of concrete etc., the erosion resistibility of this class formation is stronger, easily meet the resistance to overturning of shore protection, but ecoscape and to subdue ship wave effect poor.Hard+vegetation flexible combination type shore protection utilizes reinforced concrete structure to realize the protection to bank slope on the one hand, increase anti-impact and the crashproof ability of bank slope, utilize on the other hand vegetation to subdue ship wave and strengthen the ecoscape of shore protection, such as box greening soil blocking wall construction, the continuous green concrete of porous, ladder sand tubular structure, mold-bagged concrete structure and water permeability precast concrete caisson structure etc. have also realized preferably ecoscape in meeting structural stability.
For promoting the protection of waterway construction to river ecological environment, be suitable for the needs that waterway regulation works changes to eco-friendly type under the new situation, in the restricted waterway ecological revetment structure design of Yangtze River Delta Region, consider that the local navigation channel ordinary water level duration is long, the hydrological characteristics that range of stage is little, adopt the local conventional rigid rigidity revetment that replaces of flexible structure, reduce rigidity rigidity revetment height, the combined shore protection that forms vertical type hard structure (one-level)+ramp type flexible structure (secondary) is Main Trends of The Development, can reduce preferably like this rigidity revetment coercing environment, reach the lower safeguard function (and stability) of shore protection of ecological guiding and the balance of ecological protection.Based on this, can divide from the bottom up the guard plot of attaching most importance to, hydrophilic area, Landscape Region by the cross section of ecological revetment structure just; Heavy guard plot emphasis below ordinary water level is considered the functions such as stability, durability, antiscour and the anti-collision of structure; Hydrophilic area emphasis more than ordinary water level consider bank protection structure ecological property, take into account the view of structure and be convenient to and safeguard; The Landscape Region emphasis of navigation above high water mark is considered ecological bank slope and periphery culture, environment coordination, takes into account that antiscour, the vegetation of structure is resistance to be flooded etc.
Guaranteeing that under the prerequisite of ecological revetment structural stability and ecological property, the economy that realizes engineering is very necessary.Reduce the cost of ecological revetment, emphasis is height and (or) the intensity that reduces safeguard structure, be included in and under the prerequisite that meets structural stability, reduce the height of one-level hard structure and the protection intensity of secondary flexible structure, wherein one of key is exactly to alleviate the load acting on bank protection structure.For restricted waterway, the main rupture load acting on bank slope is ship wave, therefore ecological revetment has certain ship wave performance of subduing and is necessary, and from the ecological environment angle of shore protection, so also can increase the current diversity of closing on bank slope water body, be conducive to safeguard waters biocoene diversity.And these contents that not yet draw attention at present internal waterway ecological revetment construction exactly.
The present invention is by optimizing the vertical yardstick of hard structure and longitudinally arranging, propose one and can reduce construction costs, can strengthen its disappear unrestrained performance and multifarious novel ecological bank protection structure of offshore current again, in the construction of restricted waterway ecological revetment, reach the doulbe-sides' victory of ecological environment benefit and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the feature of inland river restricted waterway, by optimizing the vertical yardstick of hard structure and longitudinally arranging, a kind of casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure (referring to accompanying drawing) have been proposed, construction costs can be reduced, the current diversity that it disappears unrestrained performance and closes on bank slope water body can be strengthened again.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure, be disposed with from down to up one-level rigidity revetment, shore protection platform, the flexible bank protection of secondary, and wherein one-level rigidity revetment is core of the present invention and claim place.Described one-level rigidity revetment is the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and plate, casing basic configuration is square empty van, plate is square plate, every two adjacent casings connect by plate, plate both sides are fixed in the draw-in groove at outer wall middle part, casing both sides, plate, than the high 0.8m to 1.2m of casing, forms casing and the spaced apart grid type medicining wave structure of plate at the facade that meets water, and structurally portion forms the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission.Case top earthing is planted the securing plants such as reed, and side concreting bears down on one to keep off soil near water.On described shore protection platform, can plant all kinds of happiness water or water-fast plant, the flexible bank protection of secondary is the environmental slope that connects shore protection platform and ground.
Described one-level rigidity revetment is vulnerable to the shock of washing away of current, ship wave or boats and ships, adopts prefabricated permeable steel concrete body structure, can meet the functions such as stability, durability, antiscour and the anti-collision of bank protection structure.Casing side and face native side permeable hole (diameter 0.1m to 0.2m) is set near water, can strengthen the water permeability of bank protection structure, backfill piece stone or discarded concrete block in case, space is large, can reproduce Wetland Environment, build the matter and energy circulating system forming between water-soil-plant-biology, reduce the impact on ecological environment.Adopt precast construction, can substantially realize batch production making and mechanized construction, improve construction quality and speed, reduce construction costs, and after prefabricated box is reliably connected by steel concrete with base plate, structural integrity is also good.
Improve as one, the crest level of the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment is arranged on the following 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level, and under the prerequisite that meets shore protection stability, reduce box height as far as possible, can reduce like this construction costs and can reduce again coercing environment and view.The height of casing determines according to ordinary water level and floor elevation, the body structure wide 0.8m to 1.5m of facade that meets water.For increasing the stability against sliding of bank protection structure, the bottom of base plate should arrange anti-skidding tenon.
Improve as one, adjacent two casings of described one-level rigidity revetment are not directly spelled and are put together, but with connecting by the plate being positioned in the outer wall draw-in groove of casing both sides, plate is shelved on base plate, is connected without structure with base plate.The crest level of plate is arranged on the above 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level, the meet water distance 0.4m to 0.6m of facade of outer facade and casing, and plate is about 1:2 with the ratio of the width of casing.The facade grid type medicining wave structure and the board-like wave prevention structure of top transmission that form like this can effectively be subdued ship wave, reduce the reflexion of wave in navigation channel and act on the wave load on shore protection, and casing and plate are spatially concavo-convex, in picturesque disorder, the diversity of offshore current and the view of shore protection are strengthened.Plate width (being the spacing between casing) and putting position are mainly considered the unrestrained performance that disappears of the facade cell structure of its formation, can determine that suitable spacing is to reach the best unrestrained effect that disappears by testing.Plate is preferably prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, and thickness is at 02m to 0.3m, to resist current and the wave impact before soil pressure and the plate after plate.
Improve as one, the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment near water side roof part concreting bears down on one or bears down on one integral prefabricated with lower part box, and the high 0.4m to 0.6m that bears down on one, bears down on one with plate interlock as barricade, prevents that case top backfill runs off.If the attracted numbers forward (being that the grid degree of depth is less), bears down on one as cubic block, its length is the grid degree of depth with casing length, its thickness; If plate bears down on one and can adopt " [" type structure after placing and leaning on.Case top backfill thickness and bear down on one highly consistent (being that crest level is positioned at ordinary water level), be beneficial to the plant survival growth of plantation.In this fluctuation of water table district, should select there is water-fast, the wave that disappears, the emergent aquactic plant such as the reed of the function such as bank protection, absorption and absorption waters pollutant, or compliance and the good bushes of landscape effect or trailing plant, and carry out suitable collocation to form multi-level ecological community, build ecological property and the view of ecological revetment.
beneficial effect
Casing of the present invention and plate combined structure form grid type medicining wave structure at the facade that meets water, can effectively reduce in navigation channel shipping agency wave reflection (according to experimental study, when the wide 0.6m of grid, dark 0.4m, in navigation channel, the reflectivity of ship wave is about 0.7 ~ 0.8), be conducive to improve the safety and efficiency of navigating ship in navigation channel, especially at lowstand period.Secondly, the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission is formed at casing and plate combined structure top, especially the ship wave that can effectively subdue incident in the time of high water level is (according to experimental study, when the wide 0.6m of plate, spacing 1.2m, the transmissivity of ship wave is about 0.6 ~ 0.7), thereby reduce to act on the load on shore protection platform and the flexible bank protection of secondary, be conducive to plant all kinds of vegetation or carry out ecological protection.Then, casing and plate combined structure, longitudinal offshore forms form concavo-convex, that height is in picturesque disorder along navigation channel, have strengthened the diversity of offshore current, are conducive to perching of aquatic animals and plants.Therefore ecological revetment structure of the present invention is guaranteeing that safety of structure and durability simultaneously, have realized its ecological property and view better.
The structure height of one-level rigidity revetment is reduced to the following 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level by ecological revetment structure of the present invention, can reduce construction costs and can reduce again coercing environment and view.Secondly, in one-level rigidity revetment, adopt precast construction, can substantially realize batch production making and mechanized construction, improve construction quality and speed, reduce construction costs.Then, between two casings, adopt simply constructed plate to connect, compare continuous use body structure and significantly reduced steel concrete consumption.By analyzing, ecological revetment structure of the present invention is compared whole employing steel concrete casing bank protection structures, and its construction costs saves 15% ~ 20%, in strengthening the ecological environment benefit of bank protection structure, also obtain obvious economic benefit, reach the doulbe-sides' victory of ecological environment benefit and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that bank protection structure 3-D view of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows that bank protection structure cross-sectional drawing of the present invention.
Figure 3 shows that one-level rigidity revetment structural plan figure of the present invention.
It described in Fig. 4, is one-level rigidity revetment structure elevation of the present invention.
1 is one-level rigidity revetment, and 2 is shore protection platform, and 3 is the flexible bank protection of secondary;
01 is highest navigable stage, and 02 is minimum navigable water stage, and 03 is ordinary water level, and 04 is shore protection base plate; 11 is prefabricated reinforced concrete plate, 12 bear down on one for cast-in-situ concrete, and 13 is geotextiles, and 14 is prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing, 15 is backfill piece stone in case, 16 is rubble drainage channel, and 17 is anchor bar, and 18 is the anti-skidding tenon of base plate, 19 is reed, 21 is securing plant, and 22 is backfill, and 23 is anchoring moat.
The specific embodiment
Bank protection structure fracture morphology of the present invention is lower steep slow composite structure, is disposed with from down to up the flexible bank protection 3 of one-level rigidity revetment 1, shore protection platform 2 and secondary.
One-level rigidity revetment adopts the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and prefabricated reinforced concrete plate, and work progress is: on-the-spot cleaning, obstruction dismounting, construction drainage → temporary construction cofferdam → cut-fill transition, excavation of foundation pit → drainage of foundation pit → concrete floor build → steel concrete casing and plate prefabricated, go out to transport and bear down on one build → backfill plant the plants such as reed of installation → settlement joint and the interior piece stone backfill → geotextile laying → backfilling of earthwork → concrete of water drainage behind the wall facility laying → case.
One-level rigidity revetment wall body and concrete floor are established shrinkage joint one every one section (as 10 ~ 12m), stitch wide about 20mm, and embedded grey polyethylene board is also filled with filled with mortar; Behind shrinkage joint, paste one deck 0.6m wide geotextiles along one-level rigidity revetment wall height degree, its bottom extends to after concrete floor along and stays the rich length that is not less than 1m, with leakproof soil.Prefabricated box barricade arranges the inverted filter of geotextiles and parcel graded broken stone after facing the hole of native face permeable hole, and lays rubble drainage channel.Gap between plate and casing answers perfusion mortar filling, plate and concrete floor contact position should adopt mortar levelling (strength of cement mortar grade all can be M15).Plate rear side is laid the wide geotextiles of 1.6m one, and both sides and prefabricated empty van sidewall lap width are 0.5m, and its rich length in bottom is not less than 1m, with leakproof soil.
The obsolete materials such as the interior backfill piece stone of case or concrete block, filler should be noted grating.After casing and plate, lay and carry out horizontal slice after one deck rubble and piece stone and fill backfill, then plant happiness water or the water-fast plants such as reed, increase disappear wave and the ecoscape effect of shore protection.Utilize lowstand period (February in December-next year) the plantation reed of Yangtze River Delta Area restricted waterway, be easy to its growth (now without its wave that disappears), until (6-10 month) reed just has solid soil after surviving when high water level, the effect such as wave, bank protection disappears.
The flexible bank protection of secondary is the environmental slope that connects shore protection platform and ground, can adopt common ecological revetment and plant securing plant, as reinforcement Mike pad ecological revetment.Do not repeat them here.
Claims (3)
1. casing and a plate combined ecological bank protection structure, is disposed with the flexible bank protection of one-level rigidity revetment, shore protection platform and secondary from down to up, it is characterized in that:
Described one-level rigidity revetment is the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and plate, box shape is square empty van, plate is square plate, every two adjacent casings connect by plate, plate is fixed in the draw-in groove at outer wall middle part, casing both sides, plate, than the high 0.8m to 1.2m of casing, forms grid type medicining wave structure at the facade that meets water, and structurally portion forms the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission;
On described shore protection platform, can plant all kinds of happiness water or water-fast plant;
The flexible bank protection of described secondary is the environmental slope that connects shore protection platform and ground.
2. ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, the crest level of the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment is arranged on the following 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level, and the crest level of plate is arranged on the above 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level;
The described body structure wide 0.8m to 1.5m of facade that meets water, plate is 1:2 with the ratio of the width of casing, the meet water distance 0.4m to 0.6m of facade of the outer facade of plate and casing;
Described casing near water side roof part concreting bears down on one or bears down on one integral prefabricated with lower part box, and the high 0.4m to 0.6m that bears down on one, bears down on one with plate interlock as barricade, so that case top earthing is planted securing plant.
3. ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment side and face native side permeable hole is set near water, its diameter 0.1m to 0.2m, the obsolete material such as backfill piece stone or concrete block in case;
Described casing is reliably connected by steel concrete with shore protection base plate, and plate is shelved on shore protection base plate;
The bottom of described shore protection base plate arranges anti-skidding tenon.
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| CN104389290A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-03-04 | 江苏龙腾工程设计有限公司 | Water-wave-resistant sediment scouring-preventing device for protecting water plants of Lake Taihu |
| CN104790340A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-22 | 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 | Non-power water quality purification system for riverside landscape artificial wetland |
| CN107268527A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-20 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Man-made island shore protection safeguard structure |
| CN107476253A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of ecological revetment casing and the bank protection structure using the casing |
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| CN110593197A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 江苏麦廊新材料科技有限公司 | River ecological remediation revetment system |
| CN111155484A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Ecological retaining wall component and retaining wall structure adopting same |
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| CN104389290B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-04 | 江苏龙腾工程设计有限公司 | The anti-bed mud of a kind of wave of the water resistant for Tai Lake plant protection is washed in a pan erosion device |
| CN104389290A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-03-04 | 江苏龙腾工程设计有限公司 | Water-wave-resistant sediment scouring-preventing device for protecting water plants of Lake Taihu |
| CN104790340A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-22 | 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 | Non-power water quality purification system for riverside landscape artificial wetland |
| CN107268527A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-20 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Man-made island shore protection safeguard structure |
| CN107476253A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | A kind of ecological revetment casing and the bank protection structure using the casing |
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| CN109252541B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2024-03-15 | 中铁磁浮交通投资建设有限公司 | Combined assembly type supporting and retaining structure |
| CN109306681B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2023-11-07 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Structural type arrangement method of efficient wave-absorbing system of navigation tunnel |
| CN109306681A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-05 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of efficient attenuating shock wave system structural shape method for arranging in navigable tunnel |
| CN110055830A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-26 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of high-speed rail roadbed road shoulder overhanging Z-type retaining wall structure |
| WO2021022845A1 (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-11 | 中建三局第二建设工程有限责任公司 | Shallow-water-area assembly-type water-loving ecological filter dam structure |
| CN110593197A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 江苏麦廊新材料科技有限公司 | River ecological remediation revetment system |
| CN111155484B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-25 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Ecological retaining wall component and retaining wall structure adopting same |
| CN111155484A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-15 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Ecological retaining wall component and retaining wall structure adopting same |
| CN112049073A (en) * | 2020-08-08 | 2020-12-08 | 浙江水利水电学院 | River bank protection structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112049073B (en) * | 2020-08-08 | 2022-03-22 | 浙江水利水电学院 | River bank protection structure and construction method thereof |
| CN115270254A (en) * | 2022-07-09 | 2022-11-01 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Design method of cavity-vegetation revetment structure capable of dissipating waves and collecting fish in restricted channel |
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