WO2004060047A2

WO2004060047A2 - Diffuser for underground irrigation of trees, shrubs, decorative plants and vegetable gardens

Info

Publication number: WO2004060047A2
Application number: PCT/TN2003/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bellachheb Chahbani
Original assignee: Institut Des Regions Arides De Medenine
Priority date: 2002-12-24
Filing date: 2003-12-05
Publication date: 2004-07-22
Also published as: EP1585382A3; WO2004060047A3; AU2003288886A1; AU2003288886A8; EG23789A; EP1585382A2

Abstract

The invention concerns an apparatus in different shapes and sizes for underground irrigation of trees and fruit and forest trees as well as for vegetable gardens and potted plants, plants in containers, vases and boxes. The diffusers for trees and shrubs, fruit and forest trees are installed and buried in holes or ditches (1.20) around the trees. The irrigation water filled in the tanks or derived from an irrigation network or an external tank, passes trough the holes (1.6 and 1.18) of the lower part (1.2, or 1.4) of the diffuser and soaks up the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19), then infiltrates into the underlying soil. Said infiltration is carried out at a depth of about 80 cm (or more) away from all evaporation. The reservoir diffuser for decorative plants is set to cover the soil of a specially designed container. The irrigation is carried out by filling up the containers with elements of the reservoir diffuser through one of the orifices (2.4) of the lid (2.2). The water filled up in said containers subsequently infiltrates into the substrate located underneath passing through the containers (2.3) and through the porous plate (2.7). Additionally to its function of diffusing water into the substrate located underneath, the reservoir diffuser constitutes a protecting screen for the humidified substrate against the loss of water by direct or capillary evaporation. The diffusers for vegetable gardens in open field or underneath shelters are buried leaving exposed only about 2 cm above the surface of the ground. The water derived from the nozzle (3.10) via a hose proceeds on its way towards the soil located beneath the diffuser, passing through the nozzle (3.8), the throat (3.6) and its lid (3.2) and the porous plate (3.3). The reservoir diffusers constitute a protective screen for the humidified substrate against loss of water and direct or capillary evaporation.

Description

DIFFUSER FOR SUBTERRANEAN IRRIGATION OF TREES, SHRUBS, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND CROPS

The invention relates to an apparatus in different shapes and sizes for localized underground irrigation of fruit and forest trees and shrubs as well as for vegetable crops and ornamental plants placed in pots, containers, vases and tubs or in the open field and in greenhouses.

The various techniques of surface irrigation including drip do not allow optimal use of water. Indeed, 30 to 70% of the water given to the plant is lost by evaporation. In addition, for crops under greenhouses, the evaporation of these 30 to 70% of the irrigation water increases, the humidity inside the shelter. This does not allow good distribution of the pollen and therefore a lower fertilization rate of the female flowers. In addition, for plants in pots, containers, and tubs, irrigation is done in two ways: on the surface by drippers or by deep submersion by capillary action from a tank placed under or around the latter. These different irrigation techniques present the following problems:

• None of these techniques can reduce water losses by direct evaporation from the soil surface in pots or containers and tubs;

• For the second type of irrigation, the removal of the irrigation device for its maintenance and cleaning is impossible as long as the plant is in place in the pots, tubs or containers. In addition, this high humidity atmosphere, combined with excessive and permanent humidity of the soil surface around the plant, promotes the multiplication of diseases attacking different parts of the plant. There is also a technique of underground irrigation using porous tubes buried next to or around the plant. These long-term porous tubes experience problems of clogging of their pores by the clays of the surrounding soil or by crystallization of the salts contained in the irrigation waters. In addition, the installation and maintenance of these tubes is another handicap for this localized underground irrigation technique.

The present invention in its various forms allows:

- Optimal management of irrigation water by minimizing the loss by evaporation of the water given to the plant. This loss by evaporation is very reduced. Indeed, for buried diffusers for arboriculture, irrigation water is diffused in the soil horizons located more than 70cm below the soil surface. The water diffused in these deep horizons is almost completely preserved there thanks to the absence of any loss by direct evaporation or by capillary rise. In the case of diffusers for market gardening and for plants placed in vases, pots and containers, the reduction of evaporation is ensured by the diffuser which forms a screen and avoids contact of the surface of the soil substrate with the drying air of the atmosphere.

This screen also prevents capillary action of the water from this substrate towards the surface layers or it will be lost by drying of these layers by the ambient air. Tests in the laboratory and in the open field of diffusers for localized underground irrigation of vegetable crops and ornamental plants, have shown that the conservation of irrigation water during the summer season is four times that achieved by drip irrigation. - A reduction in the number (frequency) of irrigation and an extension of the duration between irrigations. This allows a reduction in the cost of irrigation (pumping, labor).

- A total absence of tillage (hoeing, weeding) after each irrigation. - For crops under greenhouse shelters, irrigation by buried diffuser allows a better diffusion of pollen resulting in a very high fertilization rate, thanks to the reduction of the humidity rate inside the greenhouse shelter. In addition, the irrigation by diffuser in these greenhouses allows a reduction of the diseases and consequently a minimal use of the chemical pioduits (pesticides, insecticides) to fight against these diseases.

L <= s different models of diffusers allow the optimization of the use of fertilizers and especially when practicing fertigation. This optimization results in a reduction in the quantities of fertilizers used. Thus the costs related to fertilization are also reduced.

Certain models of the buried diffuser for trees and shrubs allow flexibility to use them for trees and shrubs grown in dry conditions. Thus the diffuser is only used for occasional irrigation to limit damage due to short or long-term drought. Thanks to these models, it is even possible to improve and regularize the productivity of the fruit tree growing conducted in dry conditions with regular supplementary irrigations during the year regardless of the rainfall. Such intervention is very profitable for many species (olive trees, vines, apple trees, etc.) even if the price of water is quite high. - The models of the diffuser for fruit and forest trees and shrubs can be used on the go for instant, fast and effective iiTigation to save the tree heritage during years of prolonged drought.

- For trees and shrubs, irrigation by buried diffuser allows development of the deep (pivoting) root system. This allows better fixing of the trees to the ground thus ensuring better protection against the wind, in particular uprooting. The present invention includes models for arboriculture and shrubs and other models for market gardening and ornamental plants. 1- E DIFFUSER FOR FRUIT AND FOREST TREES AND SHRUBS (1.)

Two types are to be distinguished: - diffuser with water tank; - diffuser without water tank.

1-1-Diffuser with water tank: Fig. L, 2, 3, 4, 5

For this variant, the diffuser consists of an upper part (1.1) and a lower part (1.2) between which there is a system of partitions (1.3).

The upper part (1.1) corresponds to a cover comprising an orifice nozzle (1.4) through which the irrigation water is poured. In the lower face of this cover (1.1) there is a system of grooves (1.5) for fitting the walls of the lower part (1.2) as well as the partitions (1.3). The lower part (1.2) corresponds to a container with the same shape as the upper part (1.1). The inner faces of the walls and the bottom of this container have grooves (1.5) for receiving the walls of the partitions (1.3). These grooves (1.5) are equidistant from 5 to 10cm. The bottom of this container has a system of holes (1.6) located in the middle of each square formed by the groove system. These holes (1.6) allow the transfer of the irrigation water contained in this container (1.2) to the ground via the porous plate (1.7). The lower part of the bottom of this container (1.2) has a place to fix a porous plate (1.7). This location is limited by i stop (1.8). The fixing is done by a pushpin system (1.9). The partition system is a solid honeycomb, fitting into the lower part (1.2), following the network of grooves (1.5) of this part (1.2); and can be assembled with the cover (1.1) thanks to its network of grooves (1.5). Both on the cover side and on the bottom side of the container, the partitions have orifice concavities (1.10) allowing permanent communication between the water included in the compartments formed by partitions, on the bottom side of the tank; while the concavities orifices (1.10), on the side of the cover, ensure the evacuation of air to the outside through the irrigation pipe fixed to the orifice nozzle (1.4), when water is poured in the tank to fill it.

The diffuser with reservoir can have different shapes and different dimensions. For standard shapes, it is a parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder with 1/2 or 1/4 of a ring. The standard dimensions of the parallelepiped shape, except for the height which remains constant (30 cm), are: height = 30cm, width = 50cm, length ≈ 100cm. In this case, the capacity of the tank is approximately 140 liters. For the standard cubic form, the side of the cube is 30cm, the capacity of the tank in this case is approximately 25 liters. For the form V ₂ or VA of ring, the small radius of the ring is 40cm, the large radius is 70cm and the height is 30cm. The capacity is then about 70 liters. For the cylindrical form, the radius of the circle is 30cm. The capacity of the diffuser is approximately 80 liters. The diffuser with tank also has 2 pairs of nozzles (1.11) of

20mm outside diameter which can fit into a standard flexible hose of 20mm in diameter. These tips (1.1 1), located at the bottom of the diffuser, allow to connect the diffusers to each other, when you want to put 2 or more in line. Furthermore, in the upper part, just under the cover (1.1), the diffuser has two other nozzles (1.12) with a diameter of 20mm allowing the evacuation of the air contained in the diffusers arranged in series. When not in use, these end caps (1.11) and (1.12) are closed by plugs.

To limit the space required for the storage and storage of diffusers with tanks for underground irrigation of trees, the lower part of the diffuser must have a flared shape [fig.5] allowing them to fit together.

1-2-Diffuser without tank: Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9

It consists of two parts: - an upper part (1.13) - a lower part (1.14)

The upper part (1.13) has a cover with a system of partitions (1.15) spaced 5cm apart forming compartments. The walls of the partitions, in their lower part, have orifice concavities (1.15) allowing permanent communication between the water included in the compartments formed by these walls, on the bottom side of the tank.

In the center of this cover, on the side of its upper face, is an orifice nozzle (1.15. A) with 3cm long, used to connect the diffuser to an irrigation network with a pipe of 16mm or 20mm in diameter.

The lower part (1.14) of the diffuser is a small container 5cm high. The inner faces of the walls of the container (1.14) have a system of grooves (1.16) for inserting the partitions (1.17) of the cover (1.13) and the wall of the lower part (1.14). The bottom of this container has a system of holes (1.18) located in the middle of each square formed by grooves (1.16). These holes (1.18) allow the transfer of the irrigation water contained in the container (1.14) to the ground via a porous plate (1.19). This is fixed by thumbtacks (1.19.a) inside a location on the underside of the bottom of the container (1.14).

The tankless diffuser can have different shapes and sizes. The height remains constant, it is 5cm. For standard shapes, there is the parallelepiped, the cylinder, the and the 1/4 ring. For standard dimensions, the rectangular shape is 1m long and 50cm wide. For the foιτnel / 2 and 1/4 ring, the small radius is 40cm, the large radius is 70cm. The cylindrical shape has a radius of the circle of 30cm.

1-3-Installation and operation of buried diffusers for forest and fruit trees and shrubs. * Installation of diffusers in place of permanent diffusers: fig. L0, 11, 12, 13,14

² The diffusers are installed in such a way that the surface of the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19), ensuring the diffusion of water in the soil, is at least 80cm below the level of the ground surface. They are placed in ditches or holes (1.20) whose bottoms are well leveled.

The diffuser is connected to a pipe (1.23) to bring the irrigation water there. This pipe (1.23) connected to the diffuser must exceed 20cm at least the topographic surface. When there is more than one diffuser to put in the same ditch, for diffusers with tank, it is necessary to connect the nozzles (1.11) of water transfer and those (1.12) to eliminate the air to the interior of tank diffusers.

In addition, do not forget to plug all the ends (1.11 and 1.12) not used for the connection. After the installation of the diffusers with their irrigation pipes and the connections of the nozzles if there is any, the hole or ditch (1.20) is filled or the diffusor (s) is located up to the level of the topograpliic surface. . As a result of this filling, the soil must be compacted well above the diffusers.

The permanent diffusers can be installed in the holes (1.20) of plantations before the establishment of the tree. When we plant the young tree

(1.22), put the roots (1.21) below the level of the porous plate

(1.7 or 1.19) of the diffuser. They can also be installed for already planted trees and shrubs (1.24) and for all age categories.

For trees whose canopy is <5m ² , you can dig a ditch around the tree (60cm from the tree trunk). The depth of the ditch is at least 1m. In this ditch we set up and bury the diffusers (1.25) in accordance with what has been detailed previously.

For trees with a canopy> 5m ² , the diffusers must be placed in straight ditches radiating from the trunk of the tree, or in holes. For holes, at least 3 per tree are needed, uniformly distributed in relation to the trunk and more than 1.5m from the latter. For ditches, at least three per tree are required and extend radiating beyond 1.5m from the trunk of the tree. ** - Installation of diffusers for instant mobile irrigation: Fig. 15

In this case, the diffusers are only put in place momentarily to infuse the trees. After this irrigation, the diffuser is removed to infuse another tree. The tankless diffuser suitable for this type of inigation, is installed in the same way as for diffusers installed permanently. The only difference is that the diffuser is only entrained up to 10cm above the cover (1.1 or 1.13). In addition, the diffuser is connected to a water tank (1.23. A) by a pipe (1.23.b) having a tap (1.23. C) enabling the flow of water to be adjusted as a function of the speed. water infiltration into the ground via the porous plate of the diffuser, so that there is no overflow of water along the edge of the diffuser.

* Operation of the buried diffuser for the irrigation of fruit and forest shrubs and trees.

The irrigation water filled in the reservoirs or coming from an irrigation network or an external reservoir, passes through the holes (1.6 and 1.18) of the lower part (1.2 or 1.14) of the diffuser and soaks the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19) and then infiltrates into the underlying soil. This infiltration takes place towards the soil horizons located lower than the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19), ie 80cm (or more) below the topographic surface. The water infiltrated into the soil being under the diffuser, soaks a volume of this soil all the greater the greater the volume of water given. The shape of the moist bulb (1.26) is flared if the soil is balanced, allowing more lateral infiltration of water than vertical infiltration. On the other hand, if the soil is sandy, the moist bulb is tapered, because vertical infiltration is more important than lateral infiltration. The root system will then move towards these bulbs moistened by irrigation from the entrained diffusers.

2-DIFFUSER-TANK FOR BOTTLE AND PLANT VASE

INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ORNAMENTALS (2): FIG. 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 2-1 -description of the tank diffuser

It consists of identical elements (2.a, 2.1.b, 2.1.c) placed one next to the other in a symmetrical manner. For a cylindrical vase, the elements have the shape of a semicircle (2.1a). For rectangular tanks, the form is rectangular (2.1b) while for annular tanks, the form is part of a ring (2.1c). Each element (2.1) has two parts: an upper part (2.2) and a lower part (2.3).

The upper part (2.2) corresponds to a cover comprising two orifices (2.4) through which the irrigation water is poured. This part also includes in one of these sides a concavity (semicircle) whose assembly with the other concavity of the upper part of another element of the diffuser makes it possible to have a large orifice hole (2.5) allowing access to the substrate (or soil) in the tank or the vase.

The lower part (2.3) corresponds to a container of the same shape as the upper part with a concavity in the form of a semi-circle whose assembly with the other concavity of the lower part (2.3) of another element of the diffuser tank, pennet to have a large hole orifice (2.5) allowing access to the substrates (or soil) located in the tank or the vase. The bottom wall of this lower part (2.3) has holes permitting the transfer of irrigation water from this container (2.3) to the substrate (2.6) located below, through a porous plate (2.7). The latter (2.7) is fixed to the container (2.3) by a pushpin system (2.8).

For mounting each element of the reservoir diffuser, the upper part (2.2) is fixed to the lower part by interlocking. Furthermore, the porous plate is fixed to the container by push pins (2.8). This plate (2.7) is placed in a groove bounded by two edge edges (2.9). Once assembled, the elements of the reservoir diffuser are placed in the specially designed vase or tank. In addition, the elements of the reservoir diffuser can also be used in open fields or in greenhouses for vegetable crops or ornamental plants. In the latter case, the two orifices (2.4) must be plugged and a nozzle (3.10) added to each element. ) and its seal (3.11). This nozzle (3.10) will be connected to a dripper by means of a flexible rubber hose. 2-2-description of special tanks and vases for tank diffusers: Fig. 27, 28 Depending on the three types of elements of the tank diffuser, there are three types of vases and tanks:

- vase or tub with circular section along the horizontal (2.10). - vase or tub with cane or rectangular section along the horizontal (2.11).

- vase or tank with horizontal section corresponding to a V of a ring (2.12). For these three types of vases and trays, the cross section (2.22) is always the same and follows the diagram in Figure 27. In this section (2.22), the bottom of the tray or vase has a flared compartment (2.13) ending with an orifice (2.14) allowing the drainage water to be evacuated to a container placed below (2.15). This compartment (2.13) is filled with gravel, pebbles or other inert aggregates.

Above this drainage compartment is a plastic filtration plate (2.16) separating the soil substrate (2.6) and the draining medium (2.13) placed at the bottom of the tank. This plate (2.16) has holes (2.17) of circular, rectangular, or square section arranged in a checkerboard pattern with regular interhole spaces equal to the surfaces of the holes. The section of each hole has a standard surface of 25 to 100cm ² depending on the size of the tank. These holes (2.17) house special porous plates allowing the transfer of drainage water from the soil substrate (2.6) to the draining medium (2.13). The height of the draining medium being 2cm. The standard dimensions of this tray are for the parallelepiped version: 30 x 60 x 35cm or 30 x 30 x 35cm; for the cylindrical version the diameter is 60 the height is 35 cm.

The upper part (2.18) following the tank body (2.6) is a replacement for the tank diffuser. This part (2.18) at the same height as the height of the diffuser-reservoir from the orifice (2.4) of the cover (2.2) to the border stop (2.9). The diffuser-tank is placed in the vase or tray so that it rests on the two levels (2.19) all along the wall and on the substrate (teneau or soil). The body (2.6) of the tank or vase is filled with substrate (tenon or soil).

Placement of the plant (2.20) in the tank or pot should preferably be carried out before installing the reservoir diffuser. The root system (2.21) must be placed below the level of the porous plate (2.7). The plant must be level with the hole orifice (2.5) of the diffuser-reservoir. This orifice (2.5) after the installation of the plant (2.20) and the reservoir diffuser, must be filled with substrate (teιτeau or soil). Finally the upper part of the reservoir diffuser can remain visible or be camouflaged by a thin layer of substrate placed on it.

2-3-Operation of the tank diffuser placed in a tank or vase: Fig. 29 Before the installation of the diffuser tank in the tank or pot, and after the plant is put in place, the substrate is irrigated (teneau or soil) until saturation. The excess water flows to the drainage compartment (2.13) where it will be discharged to a container for collecting this water. After the reservoir diffuser has been put in place, irrigation is carried out by filling the containers with the reservoir diffuser elements through one of the holes (2.4) in the cover (2.2). The water filled in these containers infiltrates thereafter into the substrate located below in passing through the holes in the container (2.3) and through the porous plate (2.7). In addition to its role of diffusion of water in the substrate located below, the reservoir diffuser constitutes a screen protecting the humidified substrate against the loss of water by direct evaporation and by capillarity. The tests using a substrate made of teneau, inside a building, in the south of Tunisia, during the summer, showed that during 2 months, the saving of realized by the tank diffuser is 5.8 times superior to submersion irrigation and 5 times superior to drip irrigation. The same tests carried out outside, on the roof of the same building, have shown that during 2 months, the saving of achieved by the reservoir diffuser is 4 times greater than irrigation by submersion and 2.7 times greater than drip irrigation. In practice, this translates into a marked reduction in the frequency of irrigation of tubs and pots.

3-DIFFUSER FOR MARKET CROPS (3): Fig. 30,31,32,33,34,

35,36,37,38,39,40

3-1-Description of the diffuser

The standard section of the market gardening diffuser conforms to the diagram in Figure 30. This section is made up of the following parts:

- A bell (3.1) on both levels;

- A porous annular plate (3.3)

- An annular cover (3.2) for groove (3.6)

The bell (3.1) has two levels, an upper level (3.4) and a lower level (3.5). The upper level (3.4) is used to place the nursery plant or the seed to germinate on the spot. It is filled to half its size by the ground. In the case where one chooses a sowing on the spot, one can accelerate germination by covering the orifice of this upper level by a prismatic cover (3.5. A) in transparent plastic fitting into this upper level (3.4) . This cover has holes (3.5.b) allowing the evacuation of very hot air from the inside of the level (3.4) covered by the cover to the outside. This cover can significantly shorten the duration of seed gennination. You can save a week to 10 days thanks to the always hot and humid atmosphere created inside this upper level. In addition, the evaporated water, coming from the soil where the seed is found, is condensed on the inclined wall of the cover (3.5. A) and returns to this soil.

The wider lower level (3.5) has a groove (3.6) and pin holders (3.7). The groove (3.6) has a nozzle (3.8) permitting access to the irrigation water in the groove (3.6) and its cover (3.2) before continuing its journey towards the ground via the porous plate (3.3 ). The cover (3.2) is fixed to the groove by forced interlocking. It includes a series of holes (3.9) ensuring the passage of the irrigation water from the throat (3.6) to the sponge (3.3). This cover (3.2) also has solid ends (3.9. A) made of plastic which facilitate its extraction from the groove (3.6). The porous plate (3.3) is fixed to the lower level (3.5) of the bell by push pins (3.4.a) introduced by force into the push pins holder (3.7). The buried diffuser for vegetable crops can have different shapes (square, rectangular, circular or any other regular polygon) and different sizes. The standard form of the underground diffuser for vegetable crops, described in this document, is circular. The dimensions of the various components of the standard form of this type of diffuser are shown in Figures 33, 34, 35.

Once its different parts are assembled and fixed, the diffusers are placed in trenches (depth 50cm, width 50cm) on 40cm of soil mixed with chemical fertilizers and manure. Then the diffusers are fully buried, filling half of the upper level (3.4) with soil. After the installation of the diffusers, a first irrigation is given (4 liters per diffuser) before the sowing operation or the establishment of plants raised in the nursery.

The diffusers are mounted in line and connected to the irrigation hose (diameter 16mm or 20mm) by a system comprising a "nozzle" (3.10) and a flexible hose (diameter 6mm). The nozzle (3.10) is fixed to the irrigation hose (diameter 16mm or 20mm) by a tight rubber seal (3.11). On the side of the diffuser, the "nozzle" (3.10) has an orifice (diameter 0.6mm or 1.00mm) ensuring the metering of irrigation water. In addition, the irrigation hose (diameter 16mm or 20mm) of each line of diffusers includes a flow limiting filter (3.10 a) allowing to adjust the flow of water to the speed of water infiltration. in soil irrigation, at each diffuser. This flow limiting filter (3.10.a) is made up of two elements assembled by a threading system (3.10.a.c) ensuring its perfect tightness. In addition, this flow limiting filter, on the side of the irrigation water inlet, has a large orifice (3.10.a.b); while on the other side (water outlet to the diffusers), it has a well-sized orifice (3.10.a.a): 2, 4, or 6mm. The central part of the flow limiting filter houses a removable sponge (3.10.a.d) (to facilitate cleaning) ensuring the filtration of the water going to the diffusers. The diffusers can operate even at very low water pressure (0.05 bar). The nozzle (3.10) and its seal (3.11) can be replaced by a standard dripper which can be connected by a flexible hose (diameter 6mm) to the diffuser. 3-2-Operation of the diffuser for vegetable crops in the open field or under greenhouses.

The water coming from the nozzle (3.10) via a flexible hose continues its course towards the ground located under the diffuser, passing through the nozzle (3.8), the groove (3.6) and its cover (3.2) and the porous plate ( 3.3) .This water infiltrates into the soil by forming a bulb of moistened flared soil when the soil has a balanced particle size composition (50% sand, 30% silt, 20% clay) and tapered when the soil and filtering (sandy) . The infiltration of the irrigation water into the soil under the diffusers is then facilitated by the root system of the plants.

Claims

Claims:

1- Device (diffuser) with reservoir, in different shapes and sizes, for localized underground irrigation of trees and shrubs, consisting of a container (1.2) with cover (1.1) comprising an orifice nozzle (1.4) for fitting the irrigation hose. Between the container (1.2) and the lid (1.1) is a system of partitions (1.3) in the form of a single solid cellular block, fitting into a network of grooves (1.5) in the lid (1.1) and the container ( 1.2). ). Both on the cover side and on the bottom side of the container, the partitions have a network of orifice concavities (1.10). These orifices (1-10), on the side of the bottom of the container, provide a permanent communication between the water included in the compartments formed by partitions; while the concavities orifices (1.10) on the side of the cover, ensure the evacuation of air to the outside through the irrigation pipe, when water is poured into the tank to fill it. The bottom of the container (1.2) has a system of holes (1.6) located in the middle of each square formed by the system of grooves (1.5). These holes (1.6) allow the transfer of the irrigation water contained in this container (1.2) to the ground via the porous plate (1.7). The lower part of the bottom of this container (1.2) has a place to fix a porous plate (1.7). This location is limited by a stop (1.8). The fixing is done by a pushpin system (1.9).

The container (1.2) has 2 pairs of end pieces (1.11) with an outside diameter of 20mm which can fit into a standard flexible hose of 20mm in diameter. These tips (1.11), if my at the bottom of the diffuser, allow the diffusers to be connected together, when we want to put 2 or more in line. Furthermore, in its upper part, the container (1.2), just under the cover (1.1), has two other nozzles (1.12) of 20mm in diameter allowing the evacuation of the air contained in the diffusers arranged in series. When not in use, these end caps (1.11) and (1.12) are closed by plugs.

2- Device (diffuser) without reservoir, in different shapes and sizes, for localized sustained irrigation of trees and shrubs, consisting of a cover (1.13) comprising a system of partitions (1.15) forming compartments. The walls of the partitions (1.17), in their lower part comprise concavities orifices (1.10), allow to ensure a permanent communication between the water included in the compartments formed by partitions. All along the edge of the cover (1.13), there is a groove to introduce the wall of the lower part (1.14). In the center of this cover, on the side of its upper face, is an orifice nozzle (1.15) with 3cm long, used to connect the diffuser to an imitation network with a pipe of 16mm or 20mm in diameter. The cover (1.13) fits into a small container (1.14) 5cm high. The interior faces of the walls of the container (1.14) have a system of grooves (1.16) for inserting the partitions (1.17) of the cover (1.13) therein. The bottom of this container has a system of holes (1.18) located in the middle of each cane formed by grooves (1.16). These holes (1.18) allow the transfer of the irrigation water contained in the container (1.14) to the ground via a porous plate (1.19). This is fixed by thumbtacks inside a location on the underside of the bottom of the container (1.14). - Reservoir diffuser, in different shapes and sizes, placed in the field or in tubs and vases for the irrigation of ornamental plants and vegetable crops, consisting of identical elements (2.1) placed one next to the other d 'a symmetrical way. Each element (2.1) has two parts: an upper part (2.2) and a lower part (2.3). The upper part (2.2) has a cover with two openings (2.4) through which the irrigation water is poured. This part also comprises, in one of these sides, a concavity whose assembly with the other concavity of the upper part of another element of the diffuser, allows to have a large hole orifice (2.5) allowing the access to the substrate (or soil) located in the tank or the vase in which the tank diffuser is installed. The lower part (2.3) corresponds to a container of the same shape as the upper part with a concavity, the assembly of which with the other concavity of the lower part (2.3) of another element of the diffusing tank, makes it possible to have a large hole orifice (2.5) allowing access to the substrates (or soil) located in the tank or the vase in which the tank diffuser is installed. The bottom wall of this lower part (2.3) has holes permitting the transfer of irrigation water from this container (2.3) to the substrate (2.6) located below, through a porous plate (2.7). This (2.7) is fixed to the container (2. ^'7. ) By a pushpin system (2.8). - Special tubs and vases, in different shapes and sizes, suitable for reservoir diffusers of claim 3, composed of a flared bottom (2.13) tenninant by an orifice (2.14) permitting to evacuate the drainage water towards the exterior .. This bottom (2.13) is filled with gravel, pebbles or other inert aggregates. Above this drainage compartment (2.13) is a plastic filtration plate (2.16) separating the soil substrate (2.6) and the draining medium (2.13) placed at the bottom of the tank. This plate (2.16) has holes (2.17) of circular, rectangular section or cane arranged in a checkerboard pattern with regular inter-hole spaces equal to the surfaces of the holes. The section of each hole has a standard surface of 25 to 100cm ² depending on the size of the tank. These holes (2.17) house special porous plates permitting the transfer of drainage water from the soil (2.6) to the draining medium (2.13). The height of the draining medium being 2cm. The upper part (2.18) following the body of the tank (2.6) corresponds to the location of the tank diffuser. This part (2.18) at the same height as the height of the reservoir-diffuser from the orifice (2.4) of the cover (2.2) to the edge of the container (2.3). The diffuser-tank is placed in the vase or tray so that it rests on the two levels (2.19) all along the wall and on the substrate (teneau or soil). The body (2.6) of the tank or vase is filled with substrate (tenon or soil). - Diffuser, in different forms and sizes, for irrigation of vegetable crops, composed of a bell (3.1), a porous annular plate

(3.3) and an annular cover (3.2) for groove (3.6). The bell (3.1) has an upper level (3.4) and a lower level (3.5). The upper level (3.4) is used to set up the nursery plant or rock seed on site. The wider lower level (3.5) has a groove (3.6) and pin holders (3.7). The groove (3.6) has a nozzle (3.8) connected by a flexible hose to a dripper and permitting access to the irrigation water in the groove (3.6) and its cover (3.2) before continuing its journey towards the soil passing through the porous plate (3.3). The cover (3.2) is fixed to the groove by forced interlocking. It includes a series of holes (3.9) ensuring the passage of irrigation water from the groove (3.6) to the porous plate (3.3). The porous plate (3.3) is fixed to the lower level (3.5) of the bell by push pins (3.4) introduced by force into the push pins holder (3.7). - Prismatic cover (3.5. A), in different shapes and sizes, in transparent plastic, for the diffuser of claim 5, fitting into the upper level (3.4) of the diffuser. This cover (3.5.a) has holes (3.5.b) allowing the evacuation of very hot air from inside the level space

(3.4) outwards. This cover makes it possible to significantly shorten the duration of seed germination thanks to the always hot and humid atmosphere created inside this upper level. In addition, the evaporated water, coming from the soil where the seed is found, is condensed on the inclined wall of the cover (3.5. A) and returns to this soil. - Special connection accessories for diffuser of claims 2, 3 and 5 comprising:

7-1) The rubber seal (3.11) with a hole in the middle housing a nozzle (3.10).

This joint allows to have a total tightness of the connection points between the water distribution network of 16 or 20mm in diameter.

7-2) The plastic nozzle (3.10) supporting the weather and heat, is specially designed to allow the perfect junction and seal between the diffusers and the water distribution network of 16 or 20mm in diameter. This nozzle also plays the role of dripper thanks to its orifice of diameter 0.6 or lmm. 7-3) The flow limiting filter (3.10.a) connecting to the beginning of the 16 or 20mm diameter pipe, distributing the water for the diffusers of the same line.) Consists of two elements assembled by a threading system (3.10.ac) ensuring its perfect tightness. In addition, this limiting filter, on the side of the irrigation water inlet, has a large orifice (3.10.ab); while on the other side (water outlet to the diffusers), it has a well-sized orifice (3.10.aa): 2, 4, or 6mm. The central part of the flow restrictor filter houses a removable sponge (3.10.ad) (to facilitate cleaning) ensuring the ïltration of water going to the diffusers.