CN103821107B - Casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure - Google Patents
Casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103821107B CN103821107B CN201410068481.XA CN201410068481A CN103821107B CN 103821107 B CN103821107 B CN 103821107B CN 201410068481 A CN201410068481 A CN 201410068481A CN 103821107 B CN103821107 B CN 103821107B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of casing and the plate combined ecological bank protection structure that are applicable to restricted waterway, be disposed with the flexible bank protection of one-level rigidity revetment, shore protection platform and secondary from down to up.Described one-level rigidity revetment is the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and plate, and casing basic configuration is square empty van, and plate is square plate, and every two adjacent boxes are connected by plate, and plate is fixed in the draw-in groove in the middle part of the outer wall of casing both sides.Casing crest level 0.4m to 0.6m below ordinary water level, plate is than casing height 0.8m to 1.2m, to meet water facade 0.4m to 0.6m apart from casing, and meeting water, facade forms grid type medicining wave structure, and structurally portion forms the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission.Case top earthing plants the securing plants such as reed, and side concreting bears down on one to keep off soil near water.The present invention effectively can cut down ship wave, strengthen the diversity of offshore current, also can save material usage, reduce construction costs, reach the doulbe-sides' victory of ecological environment benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological protection method of cruiseway shore protection, particularly relate to a kind of casing and the plate combined ecological bank protection structure that are applicable to restricted waterway, belong to cruiseway regulating structure building technology field.
Background technology
In navigable river and artificial navigation channel, in order to prevent erosion, ship wave washes away, ship collision etc. destroys riverbank, often adopts the high-strength materials such as stone, concrete, reinforcing bar to carry out sclerosis covering to navigation channel bank slope.But along with the desired value of people to ecological environment is more and more higher, these rigidity revetments have isolated the relation of water body and soil, the matter and energy circulating system between water-soil-plant-biology has been destroyed, and causes coerce ecological environment; The extensive application of the grey hard materials such as concrete also causes River Landscape coerces.Therefore, since the eighties in 20th century, the states such as Germany, Switzerland propose " getting close to natural river " concept and " natural type shore protection " technology, utilize plant and engineering material, build the bank slope system with ecological functions, by the function such as self-organizing and self-regeneration of ecological engineering, realize the Anti-erosion of bank slope, to stormy waves, pollution-reducing, reach maintenance bank slope plant life environment, improve bank slope animal and microbial habitats quality, build the healthy navigation channel ecosystem and improve the targets such as human settlement.
In recent years China is in city river is administered, and introduces ecological revetment technology and is developed rapidly, achieving good ecology and social benefit.In cruiseway training works, ecological revetment technology also comes into one's own, but due to the natural environment of navigation channel and city river and external action difference larger, as large in the souring of ship wave in restricted waterway to bank slope, navigation channel ecological revetment technology has himself requirement, has carried out the exploration that many ecological revetments are built both at home and abroad.According to the material that bank protection structure adopts, current navigation channel ecological revetment can be summarized as two large classes, and a class is applicable to waters broad and the riverbed beach of warmer climate or gentle slope, the vegetation type ecological revetment based on plant protection; Another kind ofly be limited for river width or need the bank slope of artificial treatment, the comprehensive ecological revetment adopting plant to combine with natural or artificial material, makes great efforts to average out between bank slope protection and ecological protection.
Vegetation type shore protection mainly adopts the plant of well developed root system and vegetable material etc. to carry out solid soil protection to bank slope, such as timber/branch, reed, vetiver, palm mat, three dimension geotechnical gauze pad, ecology bag etc., ecoscape and the abatement ship wave effect of this class formation are better, but the resistance to overturning of erosion resistibility and bank protection structure and durability are more difficult to get guarantee.Rigidity revetment is primarily of the composition such as concrete structure or reinforced concrete structure, such as imitative timber, tabular, gabion, laid dry or cemented rock, " honeycomb " barricade, the chain mask block of concrete etc., the erosion resistibility of this class formation is stronger, easily meet the resistance to overturning of shore protection, but ecoscape is poor with abatement ship wave effect.Hard+vegetation flexible combination type shore protection utilizes reinforced concrete structure to realize the protection to bank slope on the one hand, increase the anti-impact of bank slope and crashproof ability, utilize vegetation to cut down ship wave on the other hand and strengthen the ecoscape of shore protection, such as box greening soil blocking wall construction, the continuous green concrete of porous, ladder sand tubular structure, mold-bagged concrete structure and water permeability precast concrete caisson structure etc., also achieve ecoscape preferably while meeting structural stability.
For promoting that waterway construction is to the protection of river ecological environment, be suitable for the needs that waterway regulation works under the new situation changes to eco-friendly type, in the restricted waterway ecological revetment structure design of Yangtze River Delta Region, consider that the local navigation channel ordinary water level duration is long, the hydrological characteristics that range of stage is little, flexible structure local is adopted to replace conventional rigid rigidity revetment, reduce rigidity rigidity revetment height, the combined shore protection forming vertical type hard structure (one-level)+ramp type flexible structure (secondary) is Main Trends of The Development, rigidity revetment coercing environment can be reduced preferably like this, reach the safeguard function (and stability) of shore protection and the balance of ecological protection under ecology island.Just based on this, guard plot of attaching most importance to, hydrophilic area, Landscape Region can be divided from the bottom up by the cross section of ecological revetment structure; Heavy guard plot emphasis below ordinary water level considers the functions such as the stability of structure, durability, antiscour and anti-collision; Hydrophilic area emphasis more than ordinary water level consider bank protection structure ecological property, take into account structure view and be convenient to safeguard; The Landscape Region emphasis of navigation above high water mark considers that ecological bank slope and periphery are cultural, environment coordination, takes into account the antiscour of structure, vegetation is resistance to floods.
Under the prerequisite ensureing ecological revetment structural stability and ecological property, the economy realizing engineering is very necessary.Reduce the cost of ecological revetment, emphasis is the height and the intensity that reduce safeguard structure, reduce the height of one-level hard structure and the protection intensity of secondary flexible structure under being included in the prerequisite meeting structural stability, wherein one of key is exactly alleviate the load acted on bank protection structure.For restricted waterway, the chief destructive load that bank slope acts on is ship wave, therefore ecological revetment has certain abatement ship wave performance and is necessary, and from the ecological environment angle of shore protection, so also can increase the current diversity of closing on bank slope water body, be conducive to safeguarding waters biocoene diversity.And these contents not yet drawn attention at present internal waterway ecological revetment construction exactly.
The present invention is by optimizing the vertical yardstick of hard structure and longitudinally arranging, propose one can reduce construction costs, its disappear unrestrained performance and multifarious novel ecological bank protection structure of offshore current can be strengthened again, in the construction of restricted waterway ecological revetment, reach the doulbe-sides' victory of ecological environment benefit and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the feature of inland river restricted waterway, by optimizing the vertical yardstick of hard structure and longitudinally arranging, propose a kind of casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure (referring to accompanying drawing), can construction costs be reduced, its unrestrained performance and close on the current diversity of bank slope water body of disappearing can be strengthened again.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure, and be disposed with one-level rigidity revetment, shore protection platform, the flexible bank protection of secondary from down to up, wherein one-level rigidity revetment is core of the present invention and claim place.Described one-level rigidity revetment is the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and plate, casing basic configuration is square empty van, plate is square plate, every two adjacent boxes are connected by plate, plate both sides are fixed in the draw-in groove in the middle part of the outer wall of casing both sides, plate is than casing height 0.8m to 1.2m, and meeting water, facade forms casing and the spaced apart grid type medicining wave structure of plate, and structurally portion forms the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission.Case top earthing plantation reed is as securing plant, and side concreting bears down on one to keep off soil near water.Plantation happiness water or waterproof plant on described shore protection platform, the flexible bank protection of secondary is the environmental slope connecting shore protection platform and ground.
Described one-level rigidity revetment is vulnerable to current, the washing away or the shock of boats and ships of ship wave, adopts prefabricated permeable steel concrete body structure, can meet the functions such as the stability of bank protection structure, durability, antiscour and anti-collision.Casing side and face native side permeable hole (diameter 0.1m to 0.2m) is set near water, the water permeability of strengthening bank protection structure, backfill block stone or waste concrete block in case, space is large, Wetland Environment can be reproduced, build the matter and energy circulating system formed between water-soil-plant-biology, reduce the impact on ecological environment.Adopt precast construction, can substantially realize batch production making and mechanized construction, improve construction quality and speed, reduce construction costs, and after prefabricated box is reliably connected by steel concrete with base plate, structural integrity is also good.
Improve as one, the crest level of the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment is arranged on below ordinary water level 0.4m to 0.6m, and reduce box height under the prerequisite meeting shore protection stability as far as possible, construction costs can be reduced like this and can reduce again coercing environment and view.The height of casing is determined according to ordinary water level and floor elevation, and body structure meets water the wide 0.8m to 1.5m of facade.For increasing the stability against sliding of bank protection structure, the bottom of base plate should arrange anti-skidding tenon.
Improve as one, adjacent two casings of described one-level rigidity revetment are not directly spelled and are put together, but connect with by the plate be positioned in the outer wall draw-in groove of casing both sides, and plate is shelved on base plate, with base plate without the need to anatomical connectivity.The crest level of plate is arranged on the above 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level, and alien invasion and casing meet water the distance 0.4m to 0.6m of facade, and plate is about 1:2 with the ratio of the width of casing.Facade grid type medicining wave structure and the board-like wave prevention structure of top transmission of such formation effectively can cut down ship wave, the wave load reducing the reflexion of wave in navigation channel and act on shore protection, and casing and plate are spatially concavo-convex, in picturesque disorder, enhance the diversity of offshore current and the view of shore protection.Plate width (spacing namely between casing) and putting position mainly consider the unrestrained performance that disappears of its facade cell structure formed, and determine that suitable spacing is to reach best wave absorbing effect by test.Plate is prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, thickness at 02m to 0.3m, to resist the current before the soil pressure after plate and plate and wave impact.
Improve as one, the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment near water side roof part concreting bears down on one or bears down on one integral prefabricated with lower part box, and bear down on one high 0.4m to 0.6m, bears down on one and be engaged as barricade with plate, prevents the backfill loss of case top.If the attracted numbers forward (namely grating depth is less), bears down on one as square, its length is grating depth with casing length, its thickness; If plate is placed rearward, bear down on one and can adopt " [" type structure.Case top backfill thickness and bear down on one highly consistent (namely crest level is positioned at ordinary water level), be beneficial to the plant survival growth of planting.In this fluctuation of water table district, select the emergent aquactic plant with water-fast, the wave that disappears, bank protection, absorption and adsorbed water body pollutant, or compliance and the good bushes of landscape effect or trailing plant, and carry out suitable collocation to form multi-level ecological community, build ecological property and the view of ecological revetment.
Beneficial effect
Casing of the present invention and plate combined structure form grid type medicining wave structure at the facade that meets water, effectively can to reduce in navigation channel shipping agency wave reflection (according to experimental study, when the wide 0.6m of grid, dark 0.4m, in navigation channel, the reflectivity of ship wave is about 0.7 ~ 0.8), be conducive to the safety and efficiency improving navigating ship in navigation channel, especially at lowstand period.Secondly, the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission is formed at casing and plate combined structure top, especially incident ship wave can effectively be cut down when high water level (according to experimental study, when the wide 0.6m of plate, spacing 1.2m, the transmissivity of ship wave is about 0.6 ~ 0.7), thus reduce the load acted on shore protection platform and the flexible bank protection of secondary, be conducive to planting all kinds of vegetation or carrying out ecological protection.Then, casing and plate combined structure form concavo-convex, that height is in picturesque disorder form at offshore longitudinal along navigation channel, enhance the diversity of offshore current, are conducive to perching of aquatic animals and plants.Therefore ecological revetment structure of the present invention is guarantee safety of structure and durability while, achieves its ecological property and view better.
The structure height of one-level rigidity revetment is reduced to below ordinary water level 0.4m to 0.6m by ecological revetment structure of the present invention, can reduce construction costs and can reduce again coercing environment and view.Secondly, adopt precast construction in one-level rigidity revetment, can substantially realize batch production making and mechanized construction, improve construction quality and speed, reduce construction costs.Then, adopt simply constructed plate to connect between two casings, compare and use body structure to significantly reduce steel concrete consumption continuously.By analyzing, ecological revetment structure of the present invention is compared and is all adopted steel concrete casing bank protection structure, and its construction costs saves 15% ~ 20%, while the ecological environment benefit strengthening bank protection structure, also obtain obvious economic benefit, reach the doulbe-sides' victory of ecological environment benefit and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that bank protection structure 3-D view of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows that bank protection structure cross-sectional drawing of the present invention.
Figure 3 shows that one-level rigidity revetment structural plan figure of the present invention.
Be one-level rigidity revetment structural facades figure of the present invention described in Fig. 4.
1 is one-level rigidity revetment, and 2 is shore protection platform, and 3 is the flexible bank protection of secondary;
01 is highest navigable stage, and 02 is lowest navigable stage, and 03 is ordinary water level, and 04 is shore protection base plate; 11 is prefabricated reinforced concrete plate, 12 bear down on one for cast-in-situ concrete, and 13 is geotextiles, and 14 is prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing, 15 is backfill block stone in case, 16 is rubble drainage channel, and 17 is anchor bar, and 18 is the anti-skidding tenon of base plate, 19 is reed, 21 is securing plant, and 22 is backfill, and 23 is anchoring moat.
Detailed description of the invention
Bank protection structure fracture morphology of the present invention is lower steep slow composite structure, is disposed with the flexible bank protection 3 of one-level rigidity revetment 1, shore protection platform 2 and secondary from down to up.
One-level rigidity revetment adopts the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and prefabricated reinforced concrete plate, and work progress is: on-the-spot cleaning, obstruction dismounting, construction drainage → temporary construction cofferdam → cut-fill transition, excavation of foundation pit → drainage of foundation pit → concrete floor build → steel concrete casing and plate prefabricated, go out to transport and in installation → settlement joint and water drainage behind the wall facility laying → case, block stone backfill → geotextile laying → backfilling of earthwork → concrete bears down on one and builds → backfill plant reed or other plant.
One-level rigidity revetment wall body and concrete floor establish one shrinkage joint every one section (as 10 ~ 12m), stitch wide about 20mm, and embedded grey polyethylene board also fills with filled with mortar; Paste the wide geotextiles of one deck 0.6m along one-level rigidity revetment wall height degree behind shrinkage joint, the rich length being not less than 1m is also stayed in edge after extending to concrete floor bottom it, with leakproof soil.Prefabricated box barricade arranges the inverted filter of geotextiles and parcel graded broken stone after facing the hole of native face permeable hole, and lays rubble drainage channel.Gap between plate and casing answers perfusion mortar filling, plate and concrete floor contact position should adopt mortar levelling (strength of cement mortar grade all can be M15).Lay the geotextiles that one 1.6m is wide on rear side of plate, both sides and prefabricated empty van sidewall lap width are 0.5m, and bottom it, rich length is not less than 1m, with leakproof soil.
Backfill block stone or waste concrete block in case, filler should note grating.Carry out horizontal slice after laying one deck rubble and block stone after casing and plate and fill backfill, then plant reed or other happiness water or waterproof plant, increase disappear wave and the ecoscape effect of shore protection.The lowstand period of Yangtze River Delta Area restricted waterway (December-February in next year) is utilized to plant reed, be easy to its growth (now without the need to its wave that disappears), until (6-10 month) reed just has solid soil during high water level after surviving, disappear the effect such as wave, bank protection.
The flexible bank protection of secondary is the environmental slope connecting shore protection platform and ground, can adopt common ecological revetment and plant securing plant, as reinforcement Mike pad ecological revetment.Do not repeat them here.
Claims (3)
1. casing and a plate combined ecological bank protection structure, is disposed with the flexible bank protection of one-level rigidity revetment, shore protection platform and secondary from down to up, it is characterized in that:
Described one-level rigidity revetment is the combined structure of prefabricated permeable steel concrete casing and plate, box shape is square empty van, plate is square plate, every two adjacent boxes are connected by plate, plate is fixed in the draw-in groove in the middle part of the outer wall of casing both sides, plate is than casing height 0.8m to 1.2m, and meeting water, facade forms grid type medicining wave structure, and structurally portion forms the board-like wave prevention structure of transmission;
Described shore protection platform can plant all kinds of happiness water or waterproof plant;
The flexible bank protection of described secondary is the environmental slope connecting shore protection platform and ground.
2. ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, the crest level of the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment is arranged on below ordinary water level 0.4m to 0.6m, and the crest level of plate is arranged on the above 0.4m to 0.6m of ordinary water level;
Described body structure meets water the wide 0.8m to 1.5m of facade, and plate is 1:2 with the ratio of the width of casing, and plate alien invasion and casing meet water the distance 0.4m to 0.6m of facade;
Described casing near water side roof part concreting bears down on one or bears down on one integral prefabricated with lower part box, and bear down on one high 0.4m to 0.6m, bears down on one to be engaged as barricade with plate, so that case top earthing plants securing plant.
3. ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, the casing of described one-level rigidity revetment side and face native side and permeable hole is set, its diameter 0.1m to 0.2m, backfill block stone or concrete block in case near water;
Described casing is reliably connected by steel concrete with shore protection base plate, and plate is shelved on shore protection base plate;
The bottom of described shore protection base plate arranges anti-skidding tenon.
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| CN201410068481.XA CN103821107B (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2014-02-27 | Casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure |
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| CN201410068481.XA CN103821107B (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2014-02-27 | Casing and plate combined ecological bank protection structure |
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| CN103821107B true CN103821107B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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| CN112049073B (en) * | 2020-08-08 | 2022-03-22 | 浙江水利水电学院 | River bank protection structure and construction method thereof |
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