Velocity limiter based on elevator and safety tongs linked system
Technical field
The invention belongs to special equipment elevator, relate to a kind of safety protection apparatus for elevator, specifically, the velocity limiter based on elevator and safety tongs linked system.
Background technology
Elevator governor and safety tongs linked system are the safety guards that prevents elevator overspeed and disconnected rope, are one important safety defence lines of protection passenger safety.No matter be in the installation supervision and inspection of elevator, or in the annual periodical survey of elevator, be all a quite crucial project to the check of velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system.And reach 2 years according to " elevator supervision and inspection and periodical survey rule " elevator governor operating cycles, or velocity limiter action occurs extremely, the each regulator site envelope of velocity limiter note is damaged, and should carry out responsiveness verification to velocity limiter.
Car, in the time of operation, pulls governor rope by velocity limiter fag end, and velocity limiter is rotated; In the time that cage operation exceeds the speed limit, velocity limiter touches governor rope tensioning electric switch, cuts off elevator safety circuit, and elevator is stopped.Continue overspeed if do not stop after the action of governor rope tensioning electric switch, ratchet on velocity limiter can snap in brake wheel, the governor sheave that makes brake wheel and connect together stops, and by the friction force between governor rope and grooving, governor rope can not be moved again with car; Continue when descending to pull safety tongs link gear by governor rope at car, safety tongs is pressed from both sides in orbit, car stops.
In prior art, the governor rope of elevator governor safety tongs linked system is to adopt a closed circular, as shown in Figure 1.The installation site of elevator governor is mainly two places: one, and for there being machine room elevator, velocity limiter is arranged in the elevator(lift) machine room of roof; Its two, for machine-roomless lift, velocity limiter is arranged on the top of elevator hoistways, two kinds of mounting meanss all need to be installed governor rope tension sheave in the corresponding hoistway of this elevator bottom, and mainly exist defect as follows:
Manufacture view
Governor rope pattern of wants ring-type circulation of the prior art, its total length is equivalent to the twice of elevator hoistways bottom-to-top-height, especially, for high level or high-rise building, has greatly increased the manufacturing cost of elevator.
Installation aspect
According to " elevator supervision and inspection and periodical survey rule ", movable parts keeped in repair and check and there is a horizontal clearance area that is not less than 0.5m × 0.6m in the place of artificial emergency operation, its free height is not less than 2m, hence one can see that, and velocity limiter is installed in machine room, takies machine room space; If velocity limiter is arranged on to the top of elevator, installation personnel is difficult to directly touch, and installs extremely inconvenient.
Check aspect
When elevator governor needs verification, first will take off governor rope, even for there being machine room elevator, it is also more difficult that velocity limiter will be taken off governor rope in elevator(lift) machine room; Say nothing of machine-roomless lift, velocity limiter is arranged on elevator hoistways inner top, take off governor rope on velocity limiter just more difficult.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defect, a kind of velocity limiter simple in structure, reasonable in design, with low cost, convenient for installation and maintenance and safety tongs linked system are provided.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Velocity limiter based on elevator and safety tongs linked system, comprise the velocity limiter that is arranged on elevator compartment top, on velocity limiter and upper end be fixedly connected with elevator top, the governor rope that lower end is fixedly connected with elevator bottom, the guiding regulating mechanism whether governor rope is led and finely tune and be tensioned for moment detection governor rope, the reel that lifts with the coaxial setting of velocity limiter, velocity limiter can lift the interlinked mechanism that reel rotates together by its drive, around the steel cable that lifts lifting on reel, and be positioned at lift car bottom and by the safety tongs that lifts steel cable and drive by push and pull system its action.
The mode that velocity limiter is arranged on elevator car top has multiple, can pass through the realizations such as fixed mount, permanent seat; Lift reel and also can be replaced by the part that can realize said function, as: cylinder, rolling wheel etc.; Tensioning guiding regulating mechanism is mainly to coordinate velocity limiter to use, play the guiding role on the one hand, the opposing party plays tension to governor rope, to detect governor rope by the governor rope tensioning electric switch moment of setting whether to be tensioned again on the one hand, to guarantee that governor rope and velocity limiter have enough friction force, in the time that moving, elevator make velocity limiter realize synchronous rotation; In the lift car descending process that exceeds the speed limit, interlinked mechanism action, realizes velocity limiter and lifts being synchronized with the movement of reel; Push and pull system is the existing mature technology being applied in velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system.
Specifically, described interlinked mechanism comprises the ratchet being arranged on velocity limiter end face, velocity limiter with lift between reel with the two coaxial arrange and with the ratchet that lifts reel and be fixedly connected with.Ratchet on velocity limiter mates with ratchet, and when lift car exceeds the speed limit when descending, ratchet is stuck in ratchet, and velocity limiter is driven and lifted reel and play rotation with one by the cooperation of the two.
Further, described guiding regulating mechanism by vertically take velocity limiter as the symmetrically arranged tensioning guide wheel of benchmark and stator wheel form; Wherein, tensioning guide wheel is positioned at velocity limiter upper end, stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end, and governor rope is around in the right side of velocity limiter left side and tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel.
For velocity limiter school procuratorial organ just; described guiding regulating mechanism also comprises and is connected the adjusting connector for regulating tensioning guide wheel tensioning governor rope state by rigid connector with tensioning guide wheel, and is arranged on the governor rope tensioning electric switch in normally off in elevator safety protective circuit.Adjusting connector is connected with tensioning guide wheel by rigid connector, and it is applied to the power on governor rope by regulating the horizontal position of this rigid connector to change it to tensioning guide wheel, carrys out tensioning more easily or throws off the governor rope on velocity limiter with this.As: regulating spring, adjusting lock, the two practical function or the object reaching are basically identical.
Governor rope, in the time being tensioned state, is arranged on governor rope tensioning electric switch in elevator safety protective circuit in normally off, and now elevator safety loop is in on-state, and elevator can normally move.If governor rope fracture, not tensioning of velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel moves right, and corresponding element moves, and can touch governor rope tensioning electric switch and disconnect, and the safety protection loop of elevator disconnects, and elevator is out of service.
Further, described guiding regulating mechanism also comprises the adjusting support that is " U " type, and described adjusting connector and governor rope tensioning electric switch are all arranged on and regulate in support.The benefit of this design is: velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel three are fixed on same device, three's bearing is identical, known according to physical knowledge, what this device bore is internal force, can avoid governor rope to apply side force to lift car.
Further, the connection fag end place that described governor rope upper end is connected with elevator hoistways top is also provided with the velocity limiter fag end combination of adjustable governor rope entirety degree of tension.The combination of velocity limiter fag end is the main stretching device of governor rope, coordinate velocity limiter tensioning guiding mechanism to use, under the prerequisite that guarantees to be tensioned completely at governor rope, walk around tensioning guide wheel and be positioned at the governor rope of velocity limiter upper end and walk around governor rope that stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end on same vertical straight line.Can avoid like this governor rope to apply overturning couple to lift car.Velocity limiter fag end is combined as existing proven technique, therefore do not repeat.
In one embodiment, the present invention also comprises installation housing, described velocity limiter, lifts reel and is all arranged on and installs in housing, meanwhile, offers the hole of passing for lifting steel cable and governor rope in the bottom of this installation housing.The two ends that housing is installed have the hole that rotating shaft is installed, the rotating shaft that lifts reel is arranged on respectively in this hole, simultaneously, this rotating shaft, through the middle through-hole of velocity limiter, under elevator normal operating condition, is rotated by the frictional force drives speed device between governor rope and velocity limiter, lift reel and keep static, in the time that elevator overspeed is descending, ratchet is stuck in ratchet, and velocity limiter drive lifts reel and rotates together.
On the basis of said structure, described installation housing is arranged on the sedan-chair top of lift car by fixed mount, and described adjusting support is fastenedly connected with fixed mount and keeps relative static.There is no particular restriction in the material selection of installation housing and fixed mount, and it can select current conventional material on the market, according to actual condition, also can select the good material of quality.
Principle of design of the present invention: velocity limiter is arranged on to the sedan-chair top of lift car, meanwhile, conventional governor rope is lifted to safety tongs and be replaced by a reel that lifts being connected with velocity limiter and lift safety tongs; Change the design of governor rope closed annular, be equipped with the velocity limiter on elevator car top by a vertical governor rope in elevator hoistways, the rotation that realizes velocity limiter is synchronizeed with elevator operation; Realize identical object with the mechanism more simplifying, more rational topology layout, in all directions the linked system of speed limiter for car of elevator and safety tongs has been optimized, is upgraded from manufacture, installation, maintenance, four aspects of check.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention not only structure simplify, reasonable in design, and with low cost, realize convenient.
(2) the present invention adopts a vertical governor rope to substitute the closed annular structure of existing governor rope, meanwhile, governor rope is directly connected with elevator hoistways top and bottom, has cancelled the clamping system complicated at elevator pit, clamping system is directly designed on elevator car top, on the one hand, realize identical object, guaranteed the tensioning of governor rope, on the other hand, save manufacturing cost, more on the one hand, be more convenient for safeguarding, checking.
(3) the present invention is arranged on velocity limiter on the sedan-chair top of lift car, be reserved with the space for staff's emergency operation, with respect to velocity limiter being arranged on to the having for machine room elevator of machine room, save the space of machine room, particularly, for velocity limiter being arranged on to the machine-roomless lift at elevator hoistways top, solving velocity limiter installation, maintenance, checked inconvenient defect.
(4) in the time that velocity limiter is checked, advantage of the present invention is embodied in emphatically velocity limiter and is arranged on the machine-roomless lift of hoistway inner top, the present invention only need regulate tensioning guide wheel to be applied to the power on governor rope by adjusting connector, tensioning guide wheel can be unclamped, throw off easily governor rope, carry out velocity limiter verification; For machine-roomless lift, check staff can reach elevator the position of more convenient operation especially, more above elevator car top completes velocity limiter verifying work, is very easy to the verification to velocity limiter; And the parts such as velocity limiter, governor rope tensioning electric switch, governor rope tightening device, governor rope tensioning switch all compare concentrated setting on sedan-chair top, also more convenient for the maintenance of velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system.
(5) in the present invention, velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel three are fixed on same device, three's bearing is identical, known according to physical knowledge, its power of bearing is internal force, the advantage of this design is, effectively avoid governor rope to apply side force to lift car, thereby guaranteed the driving safety of lift car.
(6) in the present invention, the combination of velocity limiter fag end coordinates velocity limiter tensioning guiding mechanism to use, and both can meet while regulating governor rope tensile force and have larger setting range, under the prerequisite that can guarantee to be again tensioned completely at governor rope; Walk around tensioning guide wheel and be positioned at the governor rope of velocity limiter upper end and walk around governor rope that stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end on same vertical straight line, can avoid like this governor rope to apply overturning couple to lift car.
(7) the present invention compared with prior art, not only possesses novelty and creativeness, and its material is common material, cheap, possesses very high practicality and the market competitiveness, applies on a large scale for it, has established solid foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art.
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is velocity limiter and lift the partial schematic diagram at reel position in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the lateral plan of Fig. 3.
Wherein, the corresponding title of Reference numeral: the combination of 1-velocity limiter fag end, 2-tensioning guide wheel, 3-velocity limiter, 4-lifts reel, and 5-lifts steel cable, 6-stator wheel, 7-governor rope tensioning electric switch, 8-governor rope, 9-safety tongs, 10-adjusting connector, 11-installs housing, 12-fixed mount, 13-push and pull system, 14-ratchet, 15-ratchet, 16-governor rope tensioning electric switch, 17-regulates support.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.Embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to the following example.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the present embodiment provides a kind of velocity limiter and safety tongs linked system based on elevator, this linked system is based upon on the basis that velocity limiter is arranged on elevator compartment top, in conjunction with the governor rope of one way, simplify the complicated structure of the velocity limiter of existing elevator and safety tongs linked system, improved the advantage of the present invention at aspects such as manufacturing cost, installation, check and maintenances.
Specifically, the velocity limiter that the present embodiment provides and safety tongs linked system mainly comprise velocity limiter 3, safety tongs 9, governor rope 8, the regulating mechanism that leads, lift reel 4 and lift the part compositions such as steel cable 5.Wherein, velocity limiter with lift reel and coaxially arrange, can realize velocity limiter by interlinked mechanism and drive and lift the object that reel rotates thereupon together.Interlinked mechanism is by the ratchet 14 being arranged on velocity limiter 3 end faces, and velocity limiter with lift between reel with the two coaxial arrange and with lift the ratchet 15 that reel is fixedly connected with and form.Velocity limiter and lift reel and be arranged on the sedan-chair top of lift car, its set-up mode is as follows: velocity limiter and lift reel and be all arranged on and install in housing 11, the two ends that housing is installed have the hole that rotating shaft is installed, the rotating shaft that lifts reel is arranged on respectively in this hole, simultaneously, this rotating shaft, through the middle through-hole of velocity limiter, offers the hole of passing for lifting steel cable and governor rope in the bottom of this installation housing; Velocity limiter, lift reel and housing be installed and done the as a whole sedan-chair top that is arranged on lift car by fixed mount 12.
Governor rope in the present embodiment is one way rope, and its upper end is fixedly connected with elevator top, lower end is fixedly connected with elevator bottom.The connection fag end place being connected with elevator top in the top is also provided with the velocity limiter fag end combination 1 of adjustable governor rope entirety degree of tension, and velocity limiter fag end is combined as prior art, as preferably, and this velocity limiter fag end combined optional regulating spring.Governor rope is walked around velocity limiter, and under enough tensile forces, velocity limiter rotates under the friction force effect of governor rope and velocity limiter race, and the elevator speed of the velocity limiter race pitch circle speed being driven is consistent.
In order to make those skilled in the art, to the understanding more clearly that is designed with in the present invention, the paper method of existing speed limiter for car of elevator and safety tongs linkage test once below: the electric safety device of short circuit velocity limiter and safety tongs, car is descending with inspection speed, artificial action speed limiter, observes car stop situation.The method is for having machine room elevator, and action speed limiter is fairly simple, can be at elevator(lift) machine room direct control.For machine room, major part is all to adopt mechanical type or electromagnetic type structure, moves, recovers velocity limiter by the bracing wire in control housing or button.And the problem that said method runs into is conventionally: speed limiter for car of elevator and safety tongs linkage test move governor rope tensioning electric switch possibly, in existing elevator governor and safety tongs linked system, governor rope tensioning electric switch is in elevator pit.If high-storey, operating personal carrys out the fallback very inconvenience that seems at elevator(lift) machine room and elevator pit.For machine-roomless lift, the bracing wire in control housing or button are usually inoperative, and cannot move or cannot recover velocity limiter, and governor rope tensioning electric switch, the velocity limiter of machine-roomless lift is the top in elevator hoistways again, and operation is inconvenience extremely.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the parts such as velocity limiter 3, governor rope tensioning electric switch 7, governor rope tensioning switch 16 all compare concentrated setting on sedan-chair top, so that operation.In the time that elevator overspeed is descending, first can touch governor rope tensioning electric switch, cut off vital circuit, elevator is stopped, when elevator does not stop and continuing when descending, just touching velocity limiter of the present invention and safety tongs linked system.
In prior art, when elevator governor needs verification, first to take off governor rope.Conventional elevator governor and safety tongs linked system will be taken off quite difficulty of governor rope, and particularly machine-roomless lift, is arranged on elevator hoistways inner top by velocity limiter, the more difficult governor rope of taking off on velocity limiter.For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the present embodiment arranges guiding regulating mechanism on the sedan-chair top of lift car, and its Main Function is to regulate governor rope to regulate the degree of tension of velocity limiter and the direction of velocity limiter up-downgoing leads.
Specifically, guiding regulating mechanism comprises vertically take velocity limiter as the symmetrically arranged tensioning guide wheel 2 of benchmark and stator wheel 6; Wherein, tensioning guide wheel is positioned at velocity limiter upper end, stator wheel is positioned at velocity limiter lower end, and governor rope is around in the right side of velocity limiter left side and tensioning guide wheel and stator wheel; Tensioning guide wheel 2 is also connected with and is regulated the adjusting connector 10 of its tensioning governor rope state by rigid connector, and as preferably, adjusting connector is preferably regulating spring; In the time that needs are taken off governor rope, only need regulate tensioning guide wheel to be applied to the power on governor rope by adjusting connector, tensioning guide wheel can be unclamped, throw off easily governor rope, carry out velocity limiter verification.
Further, guiding regulating mechanism also comprises and is arranged on the governor rope tensioning electric switch 16 in normally off in elevator safety protective circuit.Governor rope, in the time being tensioned state, is arranged on governor rope tensioning electric switch 16 in elevator safety protective circuit in normally off, and now elevator safety loop is in on-state, and elevator can normally move.If governor rope fracture, not tensioning of velocity limiter, tensioning guide wheel moves right, and corresponding element moves, and can touch governor rope tensioning electric switch and disconnect, and the safety protection loop of elevator disconnects, and elevator is out of service.
In the present embodiment, what lift safety tongs lifts steel cable 5 first around lifting on reel, is connected, and drives safety tongs 9 to move by push and pull system after the hole of its lower end from mounting casing passes with push and pull system 13.Wherein, push and pull system, safety tongs are existing mature technology, and therefore, therefore not to repeat here.
Working process of the present invention is as follows: first, velocity limiter rotates, and lifts reel and ratchet is motionless, when lift car exceeds the speed limit when descending, touches governor rope tensioning electric switch, cuts off elevator safety circuit, and elevator is stopped.Continue overspeed if do not stop after the action of governor rope tensioning electric switch, ratchet on velocity limiter can snap in ratchet, after ratchet coordinates with ratchet, velocity limiter drives by ratchet and drives and lift reel rotation together thereupon, velocity limiter and to lift reel be cw mode, now, follow and lift reel upward movement around the steel cable that lifts lifting on reel, lift steel cable and upwards lifting safety tongs by interlocking system, safety tongs is pressed from both sides in orbit, lift car stops.
It is the descending linked system of speed limiter for car of elevator safety tongs that the present invention is not only suitable for, can also be according to actual conditions, change installation site and suitable adjustment and develop into the up linked system of speed limiter for car of elevator safety tongs and Elevator weight sensor velocity limiter safety tongs linked system.
According to above-described embodiment, just can realize well the present invention.What deserves to be explained is; under prerequisite based on above-mentioned principle of design; for solving same technical matters; even if some that make on architecture basics disclosed in this invention are without substantial change or polishing; the essence of the technical scheme adopting is still the same with the present invention, therefore it also should be in protection scope of the present invention.