CN103815143B - 一种能提高牲畜非特异性免疫功能的牲畜饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种能提高牲畜非特异性免疫功能的牲畜饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种能提高牲畜非特异性免疫功能的牲畜饲料添加剂。该饲料添加剂的成分为植物提取物，具体是丝兰提取物、党参提取物、神曲提取物、百里香提取物和陈皮提取物的混合物。通过在牲畜饲料中添加维生素和饲料添加剂，能有效促进仔猪免疫功能发育，抑制病原繁殖，降低抗生素使用，提高养猪水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料领域，尤其涉及一种能提高牲畜非特异性免疫功能的牲畜饲料添加剂。
背景技术
当前我国牲畜业快速发展，抗生素被广泛应用于牲畜生产。由于在断奶阶段，牲畜免疫功能较弱，不得不采用抗生素预防，来缓解腹泻和呼吸道疾病，目前抗生素产生了耐药性，这给牲畜生产和人类健康带来了不利影响，增加了牲畜病的治疗难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种减少牲畜饲料中抗生素使用，提高在集约化饲养条件下牲畜群免疫能力，促进动物群健康的饲料添加剂。
为实现上述目的， 本发明提供一种牲畜饲料添加剂，其特征在于，牲畜饲料添加剂的成分为植物提取物。
所述植物提取物是丝兰提取物、党参提取物、神曲提取物、百里香提取物和陈皮提取物的混合物。
所述植物提取物是丝兰提取物30重量%、党参提取物10重量%、神曲提取物15重量%、百里香提取物20重量%和陈皮提取物25重量%的混合物。
所述植物提取物是棕黄色的具有芳香性气味的类油状液体。
所述植物提取物是采用超声波提取法进行提取的。
所述超声提取法的具体参数为，被提取药材需粉碎后过40目筛，提取溶剂为无水乙醚，提取料液重量比为1：10，超声波功率为200W，提取温度为45℃，提取时间为2小时。
所述的饲料添加剂用于提高饲养牲畜非特异性免疫功能的用途。
优选的，所述牲畜为猪。本发明的牲畜可以是猪、也可以是其他饲养牲畜，比如鸡、鸭、鹅、牛、羊等等。
本发明的主要目的是：为了减少饲料中抗生素使用，提高在集约化饲养条件下牲畜群免疫能力，促进牲畜群健康。为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种由复合维生素、复合微量元素、氨基酸和多种植物提取物组成而成的预混合饲料，用于断奶仔猪和保育猪。这种预混合饲料含有多种组分：多种维生素、多种有机微量元素，丝兰、党参、神曲、百里香和陈皮等植物提取物。
动物机体免疫器官发育和免疫功能的完善离不开维生素和微量元素，维生素C能刺激机体制造干扰素，破坏病毒以减少白细胞与病毒的结合，保证足够的白细胞；维生素A能增强皮肤和粘膜的屏障功能，防御致病维生素的入侵，阻止有毒物质的致癌作用；维生素E能增加免疫球蛋白数量，清除过滤病原菌和癌细胞，维持细胞膜的完整性。铁参与机体免疫功能的调节，锌可维持胸腺和外周淋巴细胞正常功能，锌参与核酸，蛋白质和能量的代谢及氧化还原过程，有利于免疫细胞的分裂，繁殖，保持体内均衡，适量的锌，可增强机体免疫功能；硒可促进体内细胞和自然杀伤细胞活性明显增强，是免疫功能的增强剂；钙在免疫细胞内信息传递，调节细胞膜的通透性和参与细胞分裂，增殖，代谢等方面起重要作用；镁是细胞的激活剂和细胞线粒体的必要组分，镁能维持胸腺的形态功能，可使嗜酸性粒细胞在正常范围内运作。
仔猪日粮中添加了植物提取物后，丝兰提取物具有增厚肠道粘膜的作用，可以防止病毒入侵，抑制病毒和有害细菌在消化道内吸收养分和增殖，降低血液中氨浓度；党参提取物能促进胃肠粘液的分泌，增强粘膜屏障功能，增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力，促进体内核酸、糖类、ATP酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶等多种酶活性增强，增强造血功能。神曲能止泻消肿，增强营养物质消化吸收。百里香酚具有对粘膜表面病原菌杀菌作用和抗氧化作用。
通过在仔猪饲料中添加维生素和植物提取物，能有效促进仔猪免疫功能发育，抑制病原繁殖，降低抗生素使用，提高养猪水平。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1：饲料添加剂的制备
提取物的制备：采用超声波提取法分别提取植物中的有效组分，将各植物提取物按以下比例进行简单混合。超声波提取的具体参数为，被提取药材需粉碎后过40目筛，提取溶剂为无水乙醚，提取料液重量比为1：10，超声波功率为200W，提取温度为45℃，提取时间为2小时。
丝兰提取物30重量%、党参提取物10重量%、神曲提取物15重量%、百里香提取物20重量%和陈皮提取物25重量%的混合物。
实施例2：效果验证试验
360头品种为外三元“杜长大”，体重为7.0±0.5kg的健康生长猪，随机分为2个处理组，每个处理组6个重复，每个重复30头猪。试验日粮参照美国NRC（2012）猪营养需要配制。两组动物分别饲喂市场上普通猪饲料（对照组）和试验日粮（试验组），具体成分见表3。试验期50天，试验期间记录采食量和死亡率，试验结束时，将所有猪称重，计算增重和饲料转化效率。
试验第40天采集猪的血液，（CA530-16全自动血细胞分析仪进行白细胞数量测定和分类（瑞士MEDONIC公司），并测定cAMP/cGMP比值。血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA和IgM）、补体C3和C4的水平，均采用美国Beckman Array System Protein 全自动免疫分析仪，采用散射速率免疫比浊法测定。
试验结束后，每组随机选取5头屠宰，取肠道菌群分析，称取1g内容物，加入9ml灭菌稀释液B中，吹入CO2，混匀后梯度稀释，涂抹于各培养基上。各细菌的培养条件分别为：双歧杆菌，改良BS培养基，37℃厌氧培养72h；乳酸杆菌，LBS培养基，37℃厌氧培养48h；梭菌，NN培养基，37℃培养24h。培养后检查每一平板菌落数，根据菌群和细胞形态、革兰氏染色、芽胞形成、好氧性情况等鉴定这4种细菌。其中稀释液B组成见表1，改良BS培养基组成见表2。
表1 稀释液B组成
| 组成成分 | 单位 | 含量 |
| 磷酸二氢钾 | g | 0.2 |
| 磷酸氢二钠 | g | 2.9 |
| 氯化钠 | g | 8.0 |
| 氯化钾 | g | 0.2 |
| 吐温－20 | mL | 0.5 |
| 蒸馏水 | mL | 1000 |
表2 改良BS培养基组成
| 组成成分 | 单位 | 含量 |
| 蛋白胨 | g | 5.0 |
| 牛肉膏 | g | 5.0 |
| 胰蛋白胨 | g | 10.0 |
| 酵母浸出粉 | g | 5.0 |
| 葡萄糖 | g | 10.0 |
| 吐温-80 | mL | 1.0 |
| 磷酸氢二钾 | g | 2.0 |
| 乙酸钠 | g | 5.0 |
| 柠檬酸氢二铵 | g | 2.0 |
| 硫酸锌 | g | 0.25 |
| 硫酸镁 | g | 0.1 |
| 蒸馏水 | mL | 1000 |
| 低聚果糖 | 重量% | 0.5 |
| 碳酸钙 | 重量% | 1.0 |
试验日粮组成和营养水平
表3 试验日粮组成 %（重量百分比）
| 日粮原料组成 | 对照组 | 试验组 |
| 玉米 | 69.2 | 67.2 |
| 豆粕 46.5% | 21 | 21 |
| 麦麸 | 5 | 5 |
| 豆油 | 1 | 1 |
| 石粉 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| 磷酸氢钙 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| 食盐 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| 预混料 1%（见表3） | 1 | 1 |
| L-赖氨酸 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| L-苏氨酸 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 植物提取物（为了和权利要求一致） | 0 | 2 |
| 合计 | 100 | 100 |
表4 1%预混料配方
| 原料名称 | 单位 | 含量 |
| 维生素A | KIU/kg | 1600 |
| 维生素D | KIU/kg | 400 |
| 维生素E | mg/kg | 2000 |
| 维生素K3 | mg/kg | 400 |
| 维生素B1 | mg/kg | 150 |
| 维生素B2 | mg/kg | 400 |
| 维生素B6 | mg/kg | 300 |
| 维生素B12 | mg/kg | 1.2 |
| 烟酸 | mg/kg | 3000 |
| 泛酸 | mg/kg | 1500 |
| 叶酸 | mg/kg | 75 |
| 生物素 | mg/kg | 5 |
| 氯化胆碱 | g/kg | 50 |
| 甘氨酸铁 | g/kg | 25 |
| 蛋氨酸锌 | g/kg | 20 |
| 氨基酸螯合锰 | g/kg | 10 |
| 蛋氨酸铜 | g/kg | 0.8 |
| 酵母硒 | mg/kg | 15 |
| 碘酸钾 | mg/kg | 80 |
| 玉米芯载体 | g/kg | 880 |
结论：
试验结果见表5。
表5 植物提取物对仔猪生产性能和生理生化指标的影响
| 项目 | 对照组 | 试验组 |
| 始重kg | 6.75±0.33 | 6.58±0.52 |
| 末重kg | 35.18±2.45 | 38.89±3.17 |
| 平均日增重g/d | 568.6±32.55 | 642.8±53.67 |
| 平均日采食量kg/d | 0.75±0.14 | 0.82±0.11 |
| 料重比 | 1.34 | 1.28 |
| 血液白细胞数量和分类 | ||
| 白细胞数量 千个/ml | 15.33±2.21 | 27.85±3.56 |
| 单核细胞 % | 6.92±1.49 | 10.15±2.32 |
| 淋巴细胞 % | 24.45±3.86 | 38.39±3.42 |
| 嗜酸性细胞 % | 2.54±0.13 | 5.29±0.25 |
| 嗜中性细胞 % | 38.05±5.75 | 64.75±4.30 |
| 免疫功能 | ||
| cAMP pm/ml | 21.43±1.98 | 42.01±3.12 |
| cGMP pm/ml | 8.82±1.84 | 16.36±2.55 |
| cAMP/cGMP | 2.43 | 2.57 |
| IgG mg/100ml | 531.5±20.4 | 703.8±24.2 |
| IgM mg/100ml | 41.78±5.49 | 48.65±6.11 |
| IgA mg/100ml | 9.48±0.86 | 8.97±0.62 |
| C3 mg/100ml | 2.55±0.16 | 3.78±0.21 |
| C4 mg/100ml | 1.29±0.07 | 1.75±0.12 |
| 肠道菌群的影响 个/g | ||
| 双歧杆菌 | 3.95×108±0.26 | 7.32×108±0.48 |
| 乳酸杆菌 | 4.45×108±0.39 | 6.29×108±0.58 |
| 大肠杆菌 | 8.23×108±1.27 | 1.83×108±0.72 |
| 梭菌 | 4.16×107±0.36 | 1.33×107±0.25 |
| 乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌 | 0.54 | 3.44 |
从表5可以看出，日粮中添加植物提取物显著影响了断奶阶段仔猪生产性能，相比对照组，试验组平均日增重提高13%。
添加植物提取物显著影响仔猪肠道菌群的增殖，与对照组相比，试验组仔猪盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量分别增加85.3%和41.3%（P<0.05），大肠杆菌数和梭菌数分别下降77.8%和68.0%（P<0.05）。这说明植物提取物不仅直接影响仔猪肠道有益微生物增殖，还影响微生物区系平衡。
试验结果表明，植物提取物显著提高了仔猪血液中cAMP和抗体水平，这对促进仔猪免疫功能有重要意义，血清IgG、IgM和IgA水平的提高，能减少仔猪腹泻发生，从白细胞数量和分类情况看出，植物提取物可刺激仔猪非特异性免疫功能，增强体液免疫功能。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (6)
1.一种牲畜饲料添加剂，其特征在于，饲料添加剂的成分为植物提取物；
所述植物提取物是丝兰提取物30重量%、党参提取物10重量%、神曲提取物15重量%、百里香提取物20重量%和陈皮提取物25重量%的混合物。
2.权利要求1所述的牲畜饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述植物提取物是棕黄色的具有芳香性气味的类油状液体。
3.权利要求1所述的牲畜饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述植物提取物是采用超声波提取法进行提取的。
4.权利要求3所述的牲畜饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述超声提取法的具体参数为，被提取药材需粉碎后过40目筛，提取溶剂为无水乙醚，提取料液比为1：10，超声波功率为200W，提取温度为45℃，提取时间为2小时。
5.权利要求1所述的牲畜饲料添加剂用于提高饲养牲畜非特异性免疫功能的用途。
6.权利要求5所述的用于提高牲畜饲养动物非特异性免疫功能的用途，其特征在于，所述牲畜为猪。
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| CN1468545A (zh) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-21 | 安吉丰牧兽药有限公司 | 畜禽饲料添加剂 |
| CN1589645A (zh) * | 2003-09-01 | 2005-03-09 | 郑州博凯医药科技有限公司 | 一种能促进生长、增加瘦肉率的畜用饲料添加剂 |
| CN101259233A (zh) * | 2008-04-11 | 2008-09-10 | 福建农林大学 | 提高成年鸡免疫力和抗氧化能力的中药制剂 |
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| CN101965915A (zh) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-02-09 | 济南百鸣生物制药有限公司 | 一种肉鸡饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
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