CN106538825A - 畜禽无抗饲料 - Google Patents
畜禽无抗饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538825A CN106538825A CN201610854259.1A CN201610854259A CN106538825A CN 106538825 A CN106538825 A CN 106538825A CN 201610854259 A CN201610854259 A CN 201610854259A CN 106538825 A CN106538825 A CN 106538825A
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- feedstuff
- vitamin
- parts
- poultry
- ratio
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/143—Fermentum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
本发明属于动物饲料领域,具体涉及一种畜禽无抗饲料。本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料不含抗生素,有效解决了抗生素饲料所引起的问题,且相对于现有技术肉蛋的产量更高,品质更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物饲料领域,具体涉及一种畜禽无抗饲料。
技术背景
抗生素在养殖业中全面推广使用,给养殖业带来了巨大的变化,人们不再惧怕养殖过程中的疾病,养殖规模也越来越大,养殖效益也得到了极大提高。养殖者在饲料中添加抗生素作为日常药物保健也成为一种习惯。但长期在饲料中使用亚治疗剂量或治疗剂量的抗生素,会造成肝脏和肾脏受损,动物机体免疫力下降,引发各种疾病的发生,长期添加亚治疗量或治疗量的抗生素,还会引发细菌对抗生素的耐药性。大量研究表明,在抗生素应用频繁的养殖场,志贺氏菌几乎100%具有抗药性,对四环素的抗药性明显,大肠杆菌病、葡萄球菌病、沙门氏菌病,这些过去很少发生的细菌病,现在却是养殖场的常发病。长期大量使用抗生素,会造成动物肠道菌群失调,体内有害菌大量繁殖,引起消化不良,导致饲料利用率不高,生长速度下降。另外,规模化养殖违背了动物的自然规律,缺少运动,心肺功能衰退,密度和湿度过大,通风不畅,营养不全面,都会造成体质下降,容易感染疾病,引发疾病的暴发和流行。提高动物的免疫力,解决抗生素的不合理使用导致的耐药性菌株增多、动物免疫力降低,畜禽产品不安全等一系列问题,除了加强日常管理,改善环境,更应该吸取先进的养殖理念,合理使用抗生素,通过无抗饲料等生态养殖模式,生产出营养、无药物残留、安全、绿色的畜产品。
无抗猪肉和普通猪肉相比,其在烹制过程中能显现出明显优势,肉质有嚼头,肉香浓郁。从健康角度来分析,随着人民生活水平的提高,对健康的重视程度提高,对食品安全越来越关注,对高品质食品的需求也越来越高。无抗养殖不仅可以提高肉的安全和品质,而且可以改善人类健康。从国际大环境来看,目前在生猪饲养过程中不使用抗生素是国际公认的猪肉安全标准,无抗养殖已成为世界养殖业的必然趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种畜禽无抗饲料,不含抗生素,有效解决了抗生素饲料所引起的上述问题,且相对于现有技术肉蛋的产量更高,品质更好。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种畜禽无抗饲料,由以下步骤配置而成:
(1)按照以下重量份计的组分:玉米40份、豆渣10份、绿萍8份,茶叶渣0.5份,松木糠0.3份,粉碎后加入发酵剂0.4份混合均匀,同时加入隔夜的自来水搅拌均匀,使含水量为45%~50%,立即装入发酵罐中,在33~35℃下密封发酵80个小时得到发酵料;
(2)按照以下重量份计的组分:发酵料20份,米糠30份,苜蓿草粉30份,饲料添加剂1.2份,艾叶粉0.4份,桑叶粉0.5份,按照比例混合均匀,即得畜禽无抗饲料;
所述发酵剂为乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、豆粕乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌的混合物;
所述发酵剂中乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、豆粕乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌的比例为6:4:5:3:1;
所述饲料添加剂为蚯蚓粉、食盐、月桂酸单甘油酯、维生素、双乙酸钠、黄芪多糖和氯化胆碱的混合物;
所述饲料添加剂中蚯蚓粉、食盐、月桂酸单甘油酯、维生素、双乙酸钠、黄芪多糖和氯化胆碱的比例为8:1:2:4:1:1:2。
所述维生素为维生素A、维生素E、维生素C和维生素B1的混合物;
所述维生素中维生素A、维生素E、维生素C和维生素B1的比例为1:10:25:12。
有益效果:
本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料可改善畜禽体质,提升免疫功能,并提高饲料转化率,加快畜禽生长,降低成本;在符合上述各组分和配比的情况下,产量达到最高,可产生显著的经济效益;饲料中的微生物发酵产物能加强肠道蠕动和分泌,分解饲料中大分子有机物质,促进饲料消化,并产生多种消化酶使饲料养分更易被吸收,并能有效改善畜禽肠道内微生物环境,帮助消化系统促使食物充分消化和吸收,进而减少腹泻与消化道疾病的发生。此外,因畜禽体内有大量有益微生物活化作用,能促使肉质改善,料肉比下降。
本发明步骤(1)中的发酵过程能够将饲料中的纤维素、淀粉、蛋白质等复杂的大分子有机物在一定程度上降解为动物容易消化吸收的单糖、双糖、低聚糖和氨基酸等小分子物质,从而促进畜禽对饲料的消化吸收,提高饲料的利用率。本发明的发酵剂含有多种有益菌类,能通过改善动物肠道菌群生态平衡而发挥有益作用,并通过细菌本身或细胞壁成份刺激并激活宿主免疫细胞,促进吞噬细胞活力或作为佐剂发挥作用,进而提高了畜禽的免疫力,保证畜禽健康生长,提高畜禽的生产性能,避免了抗生素作为兽药和饲料添加剂在畜禽生产中带来的副作用。同时部分发酵过的饲料还具有了酸香味,而且饲料经发酵后均质、蓬松,起到了饲料机械起不到的深度生产加工作用,从而改善了饲料适口性,刺激了畜禽的采食量。饲料发酵后产生的有机酸除能抑制有害菌生长外还可以促进矿物质的吸收和利用,保证畜禽正常生长发育。
豆渣具有高纤维、高蛋白、低脂肪、低还原糖、高钾低钠、钙镁含量较高的营养特点,营养价值较高。因为豆渣中含有抗胰蛋白酶、皂素、血凝素等抗营养因子,其中胰蛋白酶抑制因子,能阻碍猪体内胰蛋白酶对豆类蛋白质的消化吸收,造成腹泻,影响生长。但发酵后的豆渣分解了豆渣中的抗营养因子,通过生化反应合成了对猪等饲养动物生长有用的成分,如将不溶性膳食纤维、粗纤维分解成可吸收的单糖,将豆类蛋白质分解成动物性蛋白质,有利于饲养动物的消化和吸收;
茶叶渣富含茶多酚、咖啡碱和维生素等物质,它们具有一定的抗氧化性和清除体内自由基的效果,同时可杀菌抗菌,减轻腹泻,提高动物的抗病能力,并可降低血糖和胆固醇含量,从改变动物体内代谢出发,从根本上改变动物肉质及其产品;
松木糠有松木的清香味,含有丰富的粗纤维,对促进肠道蠕动和维持胃肠道正常的消化生理机能具有重要作用,能有效防止腹泻。同时,未被消化的粗纤维通过形成粪球而将机体内的有害物质如误食的毛发等排出体外;
苜蓿中含有大量的粗蛋白质、丰富的碳水化合物和多种矿物元素及维生素,有“牧草之王”之美誉;苜蓿蛋白质含量比大豆和谷子籽实蛋白质分别多1.3倍和3.57倍,苜蓿总养分含量比大豆和谷子多2.5倍和0.15倍。苜蓿对哺乳动物的肾脏疾病,泌尿系统、消化道、呼吸道疾病、关节炎等均有预防作用;促进受孕和怀胎等。苜蓿中富含硒和锌元素,有利于补充身体所需微量元素;富含钙,促进骨骼发育;富含维生素和多糖,有利于增加免疫能力和促进肠道蠕动;
艾叶中不仅含有质量较好的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物,还含有多种维生素、矿物质和畜禽必需的氨基酸及叶绿素;畜禽食用适量的艾叶,一方面可以预防疾病,增强畜禽体质;另一方面则可以促进血液循环,增强机体代谢,促进生长发育,提高饲料转化率;
桑叶含有丰富的碳水化合物、蛋白质、维生素、矿物元素以及天然活性物质,而且氨基酸种类齐全,动物必需的氨基酸含量高,适量添加桑叶可提高畜禽产量,并改善畜禽产品品质和风味;
短双歧杆菌产生的挥发脂肪酸、乳酸和过氧化氢,从而抑制许多细菌,尤其是革兰氏阴性病原菌的生长;发酵乳杆菌能产生抑菌物质,该物质对革兰氏阳性菌有明显的抑制作用,抑菌活性具有较强的热稳定性,发酵乳杆菌在生长过程中还能产生淀粉酶,有利于动物对淀粉的消化吸收;
蚯蚓富含蛋白质,是蓄禽的蛋白饲料,可用来喂鸡、鸭类、牛蛙、甲鱼、珍禽等,发展我国蓄禽、水产事业;
月桂酸单甘油酯具有防霉抑菌、抗病毒功能;同时,还是一种优良的食品乳化剂,可提高饲料脂肪的消化率;且月桂酸属中链脂肪酸,在动物体内具有与长链脂肪酸不同的代谢途径,可促进饲料的消化吸收;长期摄入月桂酸单甘油酯不会产生耐药性,也不会破坏动物肠道的微生态环境,且对提高动物机体免疫力也有一定的效果;
双乙酸钠不仅可以降低胃肠道pH值,激活胃蛋白酶源,刺激消化酶的分泌。改善饲料及胃肠道内的生物活性,并具有促生长、防病保健的功能;黄芪多糖由己糖醛酸、葡萄糖、果糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸等组成,可作为免疫促进剂或调节剂,同时具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗辐射、抗应激、抗氧化等作用;氯化胆碱可以促进脂肪的运输,提高肝脏的脂肪代谢,参与神经传导等;在促进动物生长发育,提高肉蛋品质,降低饲料消耗等方面起着重要作用;
具体实施方式
实施例1
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的蛋鸡90只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。第一组饲喂NRC(1994)蛋鸡营养需要量配制玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,第二组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加金霉素75mg/kg,第三组饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料。每天8:00和16:00喂料,每日统计饲料消耗量,自由饮水,日常管理与卫生防疫按照常规进行,每天记录产蛋情况,并计算产蛋率和料蛋比,30天后每个重复随机抽取2枚蛋,当日进行蛋品质的测定,包括蛋黄比率、蛋壳比率、蛋白质和哈氏单位,结果如表1所示。
表1
由上述数据分析可知,采用本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,使得料蛋比降低,产蛋率增长,且使得蛋品质得到较大改善。
实施例2
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的生长猪90头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。第一组饲喂NRC(1998)50~100kg阶段猪营养需要量配制玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,第二组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加金霉素75mg/kg,第三组饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料。于饲喂前和饲喂60天时,空腹16h后称重,统计试验期间各重复猪的饲料消耗量和腹泻率,计算平均日增重和料重比。饲养试验结束时,所有试验猪自由饮水,空腹16h,屠宰测定猪肉品质,猪肉品质指标包括滴水损失、肌内脂肪和肌苷酸含量,结果如表2所示。
表2
由上述数据分析可知,采用本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,使得料肉比降低,平均日增重得到较大增长,并能显著降低腹泻率,且使得猪肉品质得到较大改善。
实施例3
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的生长猪300头,随机分为10组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。10组猪均饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,其区别在于步骤(1)中各组分的用量,于饲喂前和饲喂60天时,空腹16h后称重,计算平均日增重,结果如表3所示。
表3
由上述数据分析可知,当步骤(1)中玉米40份、豆渣10份、绿萍8份,茶叶渣0.5份,松木糠0.3份,发酵剂0.4份时,日增重最高,达到了最好的经济效益。
实施例4
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的生长猪330头,随机分为11组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。11组猪均饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,其区别在于步骤(2)中各组分的用量,于饲喂前和饲喂60天时,空腹16h后称重,计算平均日增重,结果如表4所示。
表4
由上述数据分析可知,当步骤(2)中发酵料20份,米糠30份,苜蓿草粉30份,饲料添加剂1.2份,艾叶粉0.4份,桑叶粉0.5份时,日增重最高,达到了最好的经济效益。
实施例5
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的生长猪240头,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。8组猪均饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,其区别在于步骤(1)发酵剂中各组分的用量,于饲喂前和饲喂60天时,空腹16h后称重,计算平均日增重,结果如表5所示。
表5
由上述数据分析可知,当步骤(1)发酵剂中乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、豆粕乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌的比例为6:4:5:3:1时,日增重最高,达到了最好的经济效益。
实施例6
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的生长猪240头,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。8组猪均饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,其区别在于步骤(2)饲料添加剂中各组分的用量,于饲喂前和饲喂60天时,空腹16h后称重,计算平均日增重,结果如表6所示。
表6
由上述数据分析可知,当步骤(2)饲料添加剂中蚯蚓粉、食盐、月桂酸单甘油酯、维生素、双乙酸钠、黄芪多糖和氯化胆碱的比例为8:1:2:4:1:1:2时,日增重最高,达到了最好的经济效益。
实施例7
选择品种一致、体况相似、健康无病、体重相近的生长猪150头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。5组猪均饲喂本发明所述的畜禽无抗饲料,其区别在于步骤(2)饲料添加剂中维生素各组分的用量,于饲喂前和饲喂60天时,空腹16h后称重,计算平均日增重,结果如表7所示。
表7
由上述数据分析可知,当步骤(2)饲料添加剂的维生素中维生素A、维生素E、维生素C和维生素B1的比例为1:10:25:12时,日增重最高,达到了最好的经济效益。
Claims (7)
1.一种畜禽无抗饲料,由以下步骤配置而成:
(1)按照以下重量份计的组分:玉米40份、豆渣10份、绿萍8份,茶叶渣0.5份,松木糠0.3份,粉碎后加入发酵剂0.4份混合均匀,同时加入隔夜的自来水搅拌均匀,使含水量为45%~50%,立即装入发酵罐中,在33~35℃下密封发酵80个小时得到发酵料;
(2)按照以下重量份计的组分:发酵料20份,米糠30份,苜蓿草粉30份,饲料添加剂1.2份,艾叶粉0.4份,桑叶粉0.5份,按照比例混合均匀,即得畜禽无抗饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述发酵剂为乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、豆粕乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、豆粕乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌的比例为6:4:5:3:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂为蚯蚓粉、食盐、月桂酸单甘油酯、维生素、双乙酸钠、黄芪多糖和氯化胆碱的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述蚯蚓粉、食盐、月桂酸单甘油酯、维生素、双乙酸钠、黄芪多糖和氯化胆碱的比例为8:1:2:4:1:1:2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述维生素为维生素A、维生素E、维生素C和维生素B1的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述维生素A、维生素E、维生素C和维生素B1的比例为1:10:25:12。
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CN108770993A (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-11-09 | 广西开田三农科技有限责任公司 | 一种多肽饲料的制备方法 |
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