CN108669290A - 断奶仔猪的环保饲料 - Google Patents
断奶仔猪的环保饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108669290A CN108669290A CN201810332475.9A CN201810332475A CN108669290A CN 108669290 A CN108669290 A CN 108669290A CN 201810332475 A CN201810332475 A CN 201810332475A CN 108669290 A CN108669290 A CN 108669290A
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- weanling pig
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，包括以下原料：全脂膨化大豆260～300份、发酵豆粕150～170份、花生饼30～40份、大豆油20～30份、墨鱼粉50～70份、蛋氨酸1～3份、赖氨酸1～3份、苏氨酸1～3份、纳米氧化锌1～3份、磷酸二氢钙4～8份、食盐3～6份、添加剂20～30份、维生素预混料10～20份、微量元素预混料10～20份及液体植酸酶0.1～0.3份；其中，所述添加剂通过以下方法制备得到：以辣椒、茴香、虾壳粉与焦三仙为原料煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣，滤渣与滤液进行打浆处理，浆液加入纤维素酶处理，酶解液再加入嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵，发酵液再浓缩干燥即可。该配合饲料不仅适口性好，改善猪肠道的吸收能力，降低仔猪腹泻发病率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽用饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料。
背景技术
保育猪也称断奶仔猪，在这个阶段，具有生长发育快、对疾病的易感性高等特点，需要精心喂养。随着养殖业的迅速发展和养猪规模的不断扩大，在现代化养猪生产中已逐步推广和普及仔猪的早期断奶技术。早期断奶仔猪由于生长、生理特点及环境、营养、应激等因素的影响，容易出现生长受阻、以及腹泻、水肿等疾病，还容易出现断奶后应激综合症，表现为仔猪腹泻、拒食、生长停滞(甚至负增长)，出现僵猪、甚至死亡，必须及早预防。
在现代集约化养猪生产中广泛采用早期断奶技术，仔猪离开母猪后，在饲养环境和营养突然改变，重新合群、建立新的等级秩序等不良因素的作用下，容易发生以生长缓慢和腹泻为主要特征的仔猪早期断奶应激综合症。由于这种疾病具有较高的发生率和死亡率，给养猪业带来了重大损失。
目前，在畜牧业生产中普遍采用在饲料中添加抗生素、激素、化学合成药物等来防治畜禽腹泻，长期使用这些物质，不仅易引起病原微生物产生耐药性、动物免疫力下降和产品品质下降等问题，这些物质在畜禽肉、奶、蛋及可食性内脏中的残留所造成的食品安全性问题，以及抗生素引起的动物体内细菌耐药性向人类致病菌的转移，均引起各国政府的高度重视，并立法对这些物质的使用做出限制，故天然资源的开发利用成为众望所归。
中草药是取于自然并保持了其自然结构和生物活性的天然药物，其来源丰富，成本低廉，作用广泛，既含有营养物质，又具有安神镇静、健胃促消化、理气活血、养精补益、驱虫保健和防病治病作用。在饲料工业中开发应用中草药添加剂代替抗生素和化学合成药物，具有极其重要的意义。然而，目前市售的用于防治仔猪腹泻的中草药，使用效果差，治愈率低，疗程长且成本高。
发明内容
本发明提出一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，该配合饲料不仅适口性好，改善猪肠道的吸收能力，降低仔猪腹泻发病率。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
全脂膨化大豆260～300份、发酵豆粕150～170份、花生饼30～40份、大豆油20～30份、墨鱼粉50～70份、蛋氨酸1～3份、赖氨酸1～3份、苏氨酸1～3份、纳米氧化锌1～3份、磷酸二氢钙4～8份、食盐3～6份、添加剂20～30份、维生素预混料10～20份、微量元素预混料10～20份及液体植酸酶0.1～0.3份；其中，所述添加剂主要通过以下方法制备得到：以辣椒、茴香、虾壳粉与焦三仙为原料进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣，滤渣与滤液进行打浆处理，浆液加入纤维素酶处理，酶解液再加入嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵，发酵液再浓缩干燥即可。
优选地，所述添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按照重量份数计算，称取辣椒10～15份、茴香10～15份、虾壳粉5～10份与焦三仙4～8份进行混合搅拌并粉碎至粉末状得到粉末状混合物，然后加入30～40重量倍的水进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣；
2)将滤渣与滤液混合后放入打浆机进行打浆处理，得到浆液；
3)将步骤2)得到的浆液升温至50～65℃后，加入纤维素酶进行酶解，将酶解液进行煮沸灭活处理，得到灭活后的酶解液；
4)将嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌加入酶解液中进行发酵，发酵温度为26～30℃，发酵结束后将发酵液浓缩干燥后即可。
优选地，所述纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.1～0.3wt％。
优选地，所述嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的总添加量为添加剂原料总重量的3～6wt％。
进一步，每公斤所述维生素预混料包含：维生素A 600～1800IU，维生素D3 150～1000IU，维生素E 15～20IU，维生素K30.1～0.8mg，维生素B1 1～2mg，维生素B2 3～10mg，维生素C 150～200mg，维生素B6 2～10mg，维生素B12 10～40μg，烟酰胺20～40mg，泛酸10～50mg，叶酸1～15mg，维生素H 250～1000μg，抗氧化剂0.5～2mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
进一步，每公斤所述微量元素预混料包含：硫酸锰4～8mg，硫酸铜2～10mg，硫酸亚铁20～50mg，硫酸锌20～60mg，亚硒酸钠0.1～0.5mg，碘酸钙0.6～5mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
本发明的断奶仔猪的环保饲料的制备方法：
1)按照配比称取全脂膨化大豆、发酵豆粕、花生饼混合后进行粉碎得到粉碎物；
2)按照配比称取除液体植物酸酶余下原料与步骤1)的粉碎物进行混合，得到混合物；
3)将步骤2)的混合物投入制粒机进行制粒，制粒温度为80℃，使其糊化度达到90％以上；然后将液体植酸酶均匀喷涂到饲料颗粒表面上即可。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明的饲料中选用膨化处理后的大豆、豆粕作为原料，有效改善了大豆、豆粕内部分子结构，改善了两者的口感及适口性，产品糊化度高，能有效的诱食仔猪进食，大豆及豆粕中含高蛋白、高能量，提供仔猪生长所需的营养；同时含有丰富的维生素E，氨基酸的消化率也很好，可有效的被仔猪消化吸收，保证了仔猪的日采食量及日增重；浓缩料配方中还加入了墨鱼粉，营养价值高，满足仔猪生长需求。饲料中还添加纳米氧化锌能够有效改善断奶仔猪粘膜形态结构，降低肠粘膜的通透性，降低腹泻率，且降低了高剂量的氧化锌对仔猪的危害。
2、本发明的饲料中选择通过以下方法制备得到的添加剂：以辣椒、茴香、虾壳粉与焦三仙为原料进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣，滤渣与滤液进行打浆处理，浆液加入纤维素酶处理，酶解液再加入嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵，发酵液再浓缩干燥即可。获得的发酵液中富含丰富的芳香辛辣提取物、壳聚寡糖及嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌，这些物质相互作用，增强了各自作用的效果，降低了仔猪的腹泻的发病率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
全脂膨化大豆280份、发酵豆粕160份、花生饼35份、大豆油26份、墨鱼粉60份、蛋氨酸2份、赖氨酸2份、苏氨酸2份、纳米氧化锌1份、中药添加剂8份、磷酸二氢钙6份、食盐5份、添加剂26份、维生素预混料16份、微量元素预混料14份及液体植酸酶0.2份。
添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按照重量份数计算，称取辣椒12份、茴香13份、虾壳粉7份与焦三仙6份进行混合搅拌并粉碎至粉末状得到粉末状混合物，然后加入35重量倍的水进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣；
2)将滤渣与滤液混合后放入打浆机进行打浆处理，得到浆液；
3)将步骤2)得到的浆液升温至60℃后，加入纤维素酶(纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.2wt％)进行酶解，将酶解液进行煮沸灭活处理，得到灭活后的酶解液；
4)将嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌加入酶解液中进行发酵，发酵温度为28℃，发酵结束后将发酵液浓缩干燥后即可。嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的总添加量为添加剂原料总重量的4wt％。
每公斤所述维生素预混料包含：维生素A 600IU，维生素D3 1000IU，维生素E15IU，维生素K3 0.8mg，维生素B1 1mg，维生素B2 10mg，维生素C 150mg，维生素B6 10mg，维生素B12 10μg，烟酰胺20mg，泛酸50mg，叶酸1mg，维生素H 1000μg，抗氧化剂0.5mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
每公斤所述微量元素预混料包含：硫酸锰4mg，硫酸铜10mg，硫酸亚铁20mg，硫酸锌60mg，亚硒酸钠0.1mg，碘酸钙5mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
实施例2
一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
全脂膨化大豆260份、发酵豆粕170份、花生饼30份、实施例2的大豆油20份、墨鱼粉50份、蛋氨酸3份、赖氨酸1份、苏氨酸3份、纳米氧化锌2份、添加剂20份、磷酸二氢钙8份、食盐3份、维生素预混料10份、微量元素预混料20份及液体植酸酶0.1份。
添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按照重量份数计算，称取辣椒10份、茴香10份、虾壳粉10份与焦三仙4份进行混合搅拌并粉碎至粉末状得到粉末状混合物，然后加入30重量倍的水进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣；
2)将滤渣与滤液混合后放入打浆机进行打浆处理，得到浆液；
3)将步骤2)得到的浆液升温至50℃后，加入纤维素酶(纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.1wt％)进行酶解，将酶解液进行煮沸灭活处理，得到灭活后的酶解液；
4)将嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌加入酶解液中进行发酵，发酵温度为26℃，发酵结束后将发酵液浓缩干燥后即可。嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的总添加量为添加剂原料总重量的3wt％。
每公斤所述维生素预混料包含：维生素A 1800IU，维生素D3 150IU，维生素E20IU，维生素K3 0.1mg，维生素B1 2mg，维生素B2 3mg，维生素C 200mg，维生素B6 2mg，维生素B12 40μg，烟酰胺40mg，泛酸10mg，叶酸15mg，维生素H 250μg，抗氧化剂2mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
每公斤所述微量元素预混料包含：硫酸锰8mg，硫酸铜2mg，硫酸亚铁50mg，硫酸锌20mg，亚硒酸钠0.5mg，碘酸钙0.6mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
实施例3
一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
全脂膨化大豆300份、发酵豆粕150份、花生饼40份、实施例1的大豆油30份、墨鱼粉70份、蛋氨酸1份、赖氨酸3份、苏氨酸1份、纳米氧化锌3份、添加剂30份、磷酸二氢钙4份、食盐6份、维生素预混料20份、微量元素预混料10份及液体植酸酶0.3份。
其中，添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按照重量份数计算，称取辣椒15份、茴香15份、虾壳粉5份与焦三仙8份进行混合搅拌并粉碎至粉末状得到粉末状混合物，然后加入40重量倍的水进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣；
2)将滤渣与滤液混合后放入打浆机进行打浆处理，得到浆液；
3)将步骤2)得到的浆液升温至65℃后，加入纤维素酶(纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.3wt％)进行酶解，将酶解液进行煮沸灭活处理，得到灭活后的酶解液；
4)将嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌加入酶解液中进行发酵，发酵温度为30℃，发酵结束后将发酵液浓缩干燥后即可。嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的总添加量为添加剂原料总重量的6wt％。
每公斤所述维生素预混料包含：维生素A 1200IU，维生素D3 800IU，维生素E18IU，维生素K3 0.6mg，维生素B1 1.2mg，维生素B2 7mg，维生素C 180mg，维生素B6 8mg，维生素B12 30μg，烟酰胺30mg，泛酸40mg，叶酸12mg，维生素H 600μg，抗氧化剂1.5mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
每公斤所述微量元素预混料包含：硫酸锰6mg，硫酸铜7mg，硫酸亚铁40mg，硫酸锌45mg，亚硒酸钠0.3mg，碘酸钙3mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
试验例
试验设计：试验于2016年8月05日开始在合肥种猪场进行，试验期为29天，选择杜洛克*大白*长白三元21日龄健康、体重接近的断奶仔猪200头，随机分成五个试验组，分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组，每组5个重复，每个重复10头猪。
试验日粮：对照组饲喂常规断奶仔猪配合饲料，试验Ⅰ组饲喂本发明实施例1制得的断奶仔猪配合饲料，试验Ⅱ组饲喂本发明实施例2制得断奶仔猪配合饲料，试验Ⅲ组饲喂本发明实施例3制得断奶仔猪配合饲料。
饲养管理：试验采用高床饲养、自由采食、自由饮水，保持猪舍的环境卫生(温度、湿度、定期消毒、噪音等)基本一致，适当运动，保证饲料卫生，做好免疫，多观察仔猪食欲、饮水、排粪、排尿以及精神状态是否正常。
测定指标：计算日采食量、日增重、料重比、腹泻头数，记录猪群的精神状态、采食量、重量、疾病等情况；对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组饲养仔猪的效果对比见表1所示。
表1本发明饲料对仔猪影响
| 对照组 | I组 | II组 | III组 | |
| 仔猪初始体重/kg | 8.15 | 8.16 | 8.11 | 8.13 |
| 仔猪末重/kg | 19.23 | 23.76 | 23.13 | 24.05 |
| 腹泻率/％ | 6.78 | 0 | 1.2 | 0 |
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种断奶仔猪的环保饲料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计算，包括以下原料：
全脂膨化大豆260～300份、发酵豆粕150～170份、花生饼30～40份、大豆油20～30份、墨鱼粉50～70份、蛋氨酸1～3份、赖氨酸1～3份、苏氨酸1～3份、纳米氧化锌1～3份、磷酸二氢钙4～8份、食盐3～6份、添加剂20～30份、维生素预混料10～20份、微量元素预混料10～20份及液体植酸酶0.1～0.3份；其中，所述添加剂主要通过以下方法制备得到：以辣椒、茴香、虾壳粉与焦三仙为原料进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣，滤渣与滤液进行打浆处理，浆液加入纤维素酶处理，酶解液再加入嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵，发酵液再浓缩干燥即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的断奶仔猪的环保饲料，其特征在于，所述添加剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)按照重量份数计算，称取辣椒10～15份、茴香10～15份、虾壳粉5～10份与焦三仙4～8份进行混合搅拌并粉碎至粉末状得到粉末状混合物，然后加入30～40重量倍的水进行煮沸过滤得到滤液与滤渣；
2)将滤渣与滤液混合后放入打浆机进行打浆处理，得到浆液；
3)将步骤2)得到的浆液升温至50～65℃后，加入纤维素酶进行酶解，将酶解液进行煮沸灭活处理，得到灭活后的酶解液；
4)将嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌加入酶解液中进行发酵，发酵温度为26～30℃，发酵结束后将发酵液浓缩干燥后即可。
3.根据权利要求1所述的断奶仔猪的环保饲料，其特征在于，所述纤维素酶的添加量为浆液重量的0.1～0.3wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的断奶仔猪的环保饲料，其特征在于，所述嗜酸乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的总添加量为添加剂原料总重量的3～6wt％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的断奶仔猪的环保饲料，其特征在于，每公斤所述维生素预混料包含：维生素A 600～1800IU，维生素D3 150～1000IU，维生素E 15～20IU，维生素K3 0.1～0.8mg，维生素B1 1～2mg，维生素B2 3～10mg，维生素C 150～200mg，维生素B6 2～10mg，维生素B12 10～40μg，烟酰胺20～40mg，泛酸10～50mg，叶酸1～15mg，维生素H 250～1000μg，抗氧化剂0.5～2mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的断奶仔猪的环保饲料，其特征在于，每公斤所述微量元素预混料包含：硫酸锰4～8mg，硫酸铜2～10mg，硫酸亚铁20～50mg，硫酸锌20～60mg，亚硒酸钠0.1～0.5mg，碘酸钙0.6～5mg，其余为全脂膨化大豆芯粉载体。
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| CN110338265A (zh) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-10-18 | 河北肽都生物科技有限公司 | 一种仔猪饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
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| CN110338265A (zh) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-10-18 | 河北肽都生物科技有限公司 | 一种仔猪饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
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