CN108552427A - 一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料 - Google Patents
一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108552427A CN108552427A CN201810356099.7A CN201810356099A CN108552427A CN 108552427 A CN108552427 A CN 108552427A CN 201810356099 A CN201810356099 A CN 201810356099A CN 108552427 A CN108552427 A CN 108552427A
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- pig feed
- stage pig
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Abstract
本发明提供一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，它包括以下质量份的组分：巧克力粉16～20份、复合活菌制剂0.8～1.6份、膨化大豆24～32份、发酵豆粕14～18份、苜蓿蛋白肽粉6～10份、鱼粉6～10份、磷酸二氢钙3～5份、柠檬酸钙4～8份、氯化钠2～5份、复合微量元素3～7份、复合氨基酸3～7份、胆碱6～10份、复合维生素0.1～0.3份、维生素C 0.10～0.20份、复合酸化剂3～6份、促生长剂5～8份、混合型饲料添加剂1～2份和抗氧化剂0.5～1.5份。该保育猪饲料诱食性强，能量补充快，还具有肠道抑菌功能，是替抗禁抗趋势下的一种良性循环环保饲料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种浓缩饲料，具体地，涉及一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料。
背景技术
近年来，随着研究的不断深入，人们发现使用抗生素带来巨大经济效益的背后的弊端，对食品安全带来的不可预测的风险，抗生素的使用引起了来自政治的、经济的争议与关注，2016年杭州G20峰会认为“抗生素耐药性严重威胁公共健康、经济增长和全球经济稳定”。抗生素的使用在该政治经济背景下必然会受到各国政府的严格把控或禁止，无抗或低抗畜牧业发展时代即将到来。
另一方面，乳猪肠道消化系统发育还不完善，消化能力差，容易发生腹泻，目前，很多乳猪饲料在原料方面还不够精细，不易吸收容易造成腹泻，而为了改善腹泻的情况，通常会采用抗生素进行预防，虽然使用抗生素之后表面上腹泻情况好转，但是，抗生素会破坏乳猪肠道的菌群平衡，不利于肠道健康。因此，饲料易消化吸收，适口性强、保障肠道健康发育是第一要求。所以，开发一种诱食性强、营养均衡、消化吸收好、无抗或低抗、采食后腹泻率低的保育猪饲料具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，以解决上述问题。
具体地，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，它包括以下质量份的组分：巧克力粉16～20份、复合活菌制剂0.8～1.6份、膨化大豆24～32份、发酵豆粕14～18份、苜蓿蛋白肽粉6～10份、鱼粉6～10份、磷酸二氢钙3～5份、柠檬酸钙4～8份、氯化钠2～5份、复合微量元素3～7份、复合氨基酸3～7份、胆碱6～10份、复合维生素0.1～0.3份、维生素C 0.10～0.20份、复合酸化剂3～6份、促生长剂5～8份、混合型饲料添加剂1～2份和抗氧化剂0.5～1.5份。
基于上述，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力和面粉，所述巧克力和所述面粉的质量比为1:1；其中，所述巧克力粉是通过纯巧克力下脚料低温粉碎和面粉1：1均匀混合后得到的。
基于上述，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力、果糖和葡萄糖，所述巧克力、所述果糖和所述葡萄糖的质量比为5:2:2。
基于上述，所述复合活菌制剂包括干酪乳酸菌5.0×108cfu/g、丁酸梭菌1.0×106cfu/g、枯草芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g、地衣芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g和酵母菌4.0×108cfu/g且所述复合活菌制剂中活菌数大于1.0×1010cfu/g。
基于上述，所述复合酸化剂包括苯甲酸、柠檬酸和乳酸，所述苯甲酸、所述柠檬酸和所述乳酸的质量比为2:1:1。
基于上述，所述苜蓿蛋白肽粉中的粗蛋白的含量26％～27％，纤维素的含量15.50～15.82％。其中，该苜蓿蛋白肽粉是由苜蓿粉经混合菌固态发酵后进行提取分离得到的；所述混合菌包括白腐菌和酵母菌。
基于上述，所述复合微量元素由蛋白铜、蛋白铁、氧化锌、蛋白锰、碘酸钙、酵母硒组成；每1kg所述保育猪饲料中含锌200000mg，铜3000mg，铁15000mg，锰3000mg，碘100mg，硒30mg，其中氧化锌形式的锌不高于180000mg/kg。
基于上述，每1kg的所述混合型饲料添加剂包括蛋白铁100g、小麦水解蛋白100g、复合酶制剂100g、复合调味剂500g、低聚壳聚糖30g、酵母提取物150g和玉米淀粉载体20g。
基于上述，以质量份数计，所述复合调味剂包括迭迭香4～6份、珊瑚姜2～4份、香兰素7～9份、枸橼酸4～6份、糖精钠8～13份、葡萄糖14～17份、白糖28～32份和味精13～16份。
其中，所述复合酶制剂为常用的复合酶制剂，比如，该复合酶制剂可以包括淀粉酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡聚糖酶、果胶酶和植酸酶。
基于上述，所述复合氨基酸包括赖氨酸盐酸盐70～80份、蛋氨酸5～10份、苏氨酸15～20份、色氨酸1～5份、缬氨酸5～10份；所述复合维生素包括维生素A 30000000～34000000IU/kg、维生素D3 5800000～6200000IU/kg、维生素E 110000～130000IU/kg、维生素K3 5000～7000mg/kg、维生素B1 5000～7000mg/kg、维生素B2 19000～21000mg/kg、维生素B6 5000～7000mg/kg、维生素B12 100～140mg/kg、烟酸胺90000～120000mg/kg、泛酸75000～85000mg/kg、叶酸3000～3400mg/kg和生物素500～700mg/kg。
本发明提供一种所述含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料的制备方法，它由上述组分粉碎、混合制得。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步。具体的说，本发明提供的含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料通过各项组分相互结合可以提高仔猪的适口性、增大采食量、提高免疫力、控制腹泻等优点，所以可以使得仔猪平稳断奶，降低断奶应激性，进而提高仔猪的成活率，提高生产效益；同时还避免了抗生素的使用和降低了微量元素的使用量。
进一步，通过复合活菌制剂中干酪乳酸菌、丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和酵母菌协同作用，以及其发酵代谢产物富含乳酸、丁酸、多种抗氧化小肽、多种维生素及溶菌酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶，可以促进肠道菌群平衡，提高免疫力，抑制有害菌，可以很好的降低减抗情况下仔猪腹泻率，提高猪群健康度,减少了抗生素的使用；同时，饲料中加入巧克力粉，其中的巧克力有香醇的美味和独特的口感是猪仔喜食的，可以促进仔猪采食量，快速补充能量，而且巧克力中含有的中长链脂肪酸具有提高免疫力的功能性作用，此外巧克力粉可采用食品巧克力下脚料，变废为宝，降低成本；另外，巧克力粉一部分用于生长所需，另一部分可以为所述复合活菌制剂中微生物提供养分，迅速繁殖，增效活菌制剂的抑菌效果，降低饲料中活菌用量，降低成本；反过来所述复合活菌制剂中微生物的代谢产物富含脂肪酶，又可以促进仔猪对巧克力等营养成分的消化吸收。
进一步，饲料中采用的苜蓿蛋白肽粉富含小肽和高蛋白，其中，小肽直接吸收，高效沉积，是蛋白质和氨基酸的1倍以上且具有抗氧化、免疫调节功能，能与维生素C和维生素E等维生素协同增效，促进乳仔猪肠道结构完整和功能正常，增强抵抗力；苜蓿蛋白肽粉内含的15.50％～15.82％的苜蓿纤维素是一种发酵酶解后的纤维素多糖，与所述复合活菌制剂配合，为活菌提供更丰富的肠道营养，增强免疫抗病力，缓解应激反应，达到降低仔猪的消化负担，提高仔猪免疫力，有利于仔猪断奶，降低断奶应激性，促进快速生长的目的。
进一步，饲料中采用的混合型饲料添加剂具有提高免疫力、促进采食、促进消化吸收率、提高肠道健康、减少粪便排放、激活整个生命体等作用；饲料中的维生素C具有提高免疫力、提高抗应激力、应对复杂的饲养管理条件、提高整体均匀度及稳定度等作用。
进一步，本发明饲料中采用的复合酸化剂特别是采用苯甲酸可以降低饲料pH值，抑制有害菌，降低尿液pH值，改善养殖环境，降低养殖场氨气排放，有效的解决养殖场的环保问题，最终提高生产效益；而且，所述巧克力粉中添加有面粉，可以防止拮抗，提高蛋白，促进仔猪对饲料中各种营养的吸收。
因此，本发明提供的所述保育猪饲料具有诱食性强，能量补充快，还具有肠道抑菌功能，是替抗禁抗趋势下的一种良性循环环保饲料。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
以下实施例中采用的膨化大豆中脲酶含量为0；发酵豆粕中乳酸含量大于4％；磷酸二氢钙为饲料级，制粒工艺成品；维生素C为包被维生素C，包被维生素C中维生素C含量为97％。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，它包括以下质量份的组分：巧克力粉16份、复合活菌制剂0.8份、膨化大豆24份、发酵豆粕14份、苜蓿蛋白肽粉6份、鱼粉6份、磷酸二氢钙3份、柠檬酸钙4份、氯化钠2份、复合微量元素3份、复合氨基酸3份、胆碱6份、复合维生素0.1份、包被维生素C 0.10份、复合酸化剂3份、促生长剂5份、混合型饲料添加剂1份和抗氧化剂0.5份。
其中，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力和面粉，所述巧克力和所述面粉的质量比为1:1；所述复合活菌制剂包括干酪乳酸菌5.0×108cfu/g、丁酸梭菌1.0×106cfu/g、枯草芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g、地衣芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g和酵母菌4.0×108cfu/g且所述复合活菌制剂中活菌数大于1.0×1010cfu/g。
所述复合酸化剂包括苯甲酸、柠檬酸和乳酸，所述苯甲酸、所述柠檬酸和所述乳酸的质量比为2:1:1。所述苜蓿蛋白肽粉含有多种小肽，本实施例中，其至少含有4种酸性小肽，而且其中的粗蛋白的含量26.65％，苜蓿纤维素的含量15.73％；该所述苜蓿蛋白肽粉是由苜蓿粉经混合菌固态发酵后进行提取分离得到的，所述混合菌包括白腐菌和酵母菌。
所述复合微量元素由蛋白铜、蛋白铁、氧化锌、蛋白锰、碘酸钙、酵母硒组成；每1kg所述保育猪饲料中含锌200000mg，铜3000mg，铁15000mg，锰3000mg，碘100mg，硒30mg，其中氧化锌形式的锌不高于180000mg/kg。
所述复合酶制剂包括淀粉酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡聚糖酶、果胶酶、植酸酶；每1kg的所述混合型饲料添加剂包括蛋白铁100g、小麦水解蛋白100g、复合酶制剂100g、复合调味剂500g、低聚壳聚糖30g、酵母提取物150g和玉米淀粉载体20g；所述复合调味剂包括迭迭香6份、珊瑚姜4份、香兰素9份、枸橼酸6份、糖精钠13份、葡萄糖17份、白糖32份和味精16份。
所述复合氨基酸包括赖氨酸盐酸盐70份、蛋氨酸5份、苏氨酸15份、色氨酸1份、缬氨酸5份；所述复合维生素包括维生素A 30000000IU/kg、维生素D3 5800000IU/kg、维生素E110000IU/kg、维生素K3 5000mg/kg、维生素B1 5000mg/kg、维生素B2 19000mg/kg、维生素B65000mg/kg、维生素B12 100mg/kg、烟酸胺90000mg/kg、泛酸75000mg/kg、叶酸3000mg/kg和生物素500mg/kg。
本实施例还提供一种保育猪饲料的制备方法，它由上述组分粉碎、混合制得。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，它包括以下质量份的组分：巧克力粉20份、复合活菌制剂1.6份、膨化大豆32份、发酵豆粕18份、苜蓿蛋白肽粉10份、鱼粉10份、磷酸二氢钙5份、柠檬酸钙8份、氯化钠5份、复合微量元素7份、复合氨基酸7份、胆碱10份、复合维生素0.3份、包被维生素C 0.20份、复合酸化剂6份、促生长剂8份、混合型饲料添加剂2份和抗氧化剂1.5份。
其中，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力和面粉，所述巧克力和所述面粉的质量比为1:1；所述复合活菌制剂包括干酪乳酸菌5.0×108cfu/g、丁酸梭菌1.0×106cfu/g、枯草芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g、地衣芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g和酵母菌4.0×108cfu/g且所述复合活菌制剂中活菌数大于1.0×1010cfu/g。
所述复合酸化剂包括苯甲酸、柠檬酸和乳酸，所述苯甲酸、所述柠檬酸和所述乳酸的质量比为2:1:1；所述苜蓿蛋白肽粉是由苜蓿粉经混合菌固态发酵后进行提取分离得到的；所述混合菌包括白腐菌和酵母菌。
所述复合微量元素由蛋白铜、蛋白铁、氧化锌、蛋白锰、碘酸钙、酵母硒组成；每1kg所述保育猪饲料中含锌200000mg，铜3000mg，铁15000mg，锰3000mg，碘100mg，硒30mg，其中氧化锌形式的锌不高于180000mg/kg。
所述复合酶制剂包括淀粉酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡聚糖酶、果胶酶、植酸酶；每1kg的所述混合型饲料添加剂包括蛋白铁100g、小麦水解蛋白100g、复合酶制剂100g、复合调味剂500g、低聚壳聚糖30g、酵母提取物150g和玉米淀粉载体20g；所述复合调味剂包括迭迭香4份、珊瑚姜2份、香兰素7份、枸橼酸4份、糖精钠8份、葡萄糖14份、白糖28份和味精13份。
所述复合氨基酸包括赖氨酸盐酸盐80份、蛋氨酸10份、苏氨酸20份、色氨酸5份、缬氨酸10份；所述复合维生素包括维生素A 34000000IU/kg、维生素D3 6200000IU/kg、维生素E 130000IU/kg、维生素K3 7000mg/kg、维生素B1 7000mg/kg、维生素B2 21000mg/kg、维生素B6 7000mg/kg、维生素B12 140mg/kg、烟酸胺120000mg/kg、泛酸85000mg/kg、叶酸3400mg/kg和生物素700mg/kg。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，它包括以下质量份的组分：巧克力粉18份、复合活菌制剂1.2份、膨化大豆28份、发酵豆粕16份、苜蓿蛋白肽粉8份、鱼粉8份、磷酸二氢钙4份、柠檬酸钙6份、氯化钠3份、复合微量元素5份、复合氨基酸5份、胆碱8份、复合维生素0.2份、包被维生素C 0.16份、复合酸化剂5份、促生长剂7份、混合型饲料添加剂1.5份和抗氧化剂2份。
其中，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力、果糖和葡萄糖，所述巧克力、所述果糖和所述葡萄糖的质量比为5:2:2；所述复合活菌制剂包括干酪乳酸菌5.0×108cfu/g、丁酸梭菌1.0×106cfu/g、枯草芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g、地衣芽孢杆菌1.0×109cfu/g和酵母菌4.0×108cfu/g且所述复合活菌制剂中活菌数大于1.0×1010cfu/g。
所述复合酸化剂包括苯甲酸、柠檬酸和乳酸，所述苯甲酸、所述柠檬酸和所述乳酸的质量比为2:1:1；所述苜蓿蛋白肽粉是由苜蓿粉经混合菌固态发酵后进行提取分离得到的；所述混合菌包括白腐菌和酵母菌。
所述复合微量元素由蛋白铜、蛋白铁、氧化锌、蛋白锰、碘酸钙、酵母硒组成；每1kg所述保育猪饲料中含锌200000mg，铜3000mg，铁15000mg，锰3000mg，碘100mg，硒30mg，其中氧化锌形式的锌不高于180000mg/kg。
所述复合酶制剂包括淀粉酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡聚糖酶、果胶酶、植酸酶；每1kg的所述混合型饲料添加剂包括蛋白铁100g、小麦水解蛋白100g、复合酶制剂100g、复合调味剂500g、低聚壳聚糖30g、酵母提取物150g和玉米淀粉载体20g；所述复合调味剂包括迭迭香5份、珊瑚姜3份、香兰素8份、枸橼酸5份、糖精钠10份、葡萄糖15份、白糖30份和味精15份。
所述复合氨基酸包括赖氨酸盐酸盐75份、蛋氨酸7份、苏氨酸16份、色氨酸3份、缬氨酸8份；所述复合维生素包括维生素A 32000000IU/kg、维生素D3 6000000IU/kg、维生素E120000IU/kg、维生素K3 6000mg/kg、维生素B1 6000mg/kg、维生素B2 20000mg/kg、维生素B66000mg/kg、维生素B12 120mg/kg、烟酸胺110000mg/kg、泛酸80000mg/kg、叶酸3200mg/kg和生物素600mg/kg。
性能测试
本发明提供的保育猪饲料对断奶仔猪生长和腹泻率的影响。
1、试验地点：某猪场。
2、试验组合：试验组(实施例3提供的含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料组)；对照组与试验组的饲料基本相同，不同之处在于：对照组中不含有巧克力粉、复合酶制剂和苜蓿蛋白肽粉。
3、试验对象：28日龄断奶仔猪，共72头，随机分成12组，每组6头，对照组36头，试验组36头。
4、试验时间：预饲期4天，正式试验时间28天。
5、测试数据：平均日增重、料肉比、腹泻率。
6、饲养管理：试验期间，由专人负责饲养，环境保持一致，自由采食、饮水。进行常规免疫消毒，保持圈舍清洁卫生，观察生长情况，做好有关记录。60日龄进行空腹称重。
7、实验结果参见表1。
表1保育猪饲料对断奶仔猪生长和腹泻率的影响
| 项目 | 对照组 | 实验组 |
| 始重/kg | 7.4 | 7.3 |
| 末重/kg | 24.3 | 26.4 |
| 平均日增重/g | 603 | 682 |
| 料肉比 | 1.52 | 1.45 |
| 腹泻率/％ | 5.6 | 2.8 |
由表1可知，本发明提供的保育猪饲料可以有效提高仔猪日增重，降低腹泻率，降低饲养成本，是替抗禁抗趋势下的一种良性循环环保饲料。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种含巧克力粉的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，它包括以下质量份的组分：巧克力粉16～20份、复合活菌制剂0.8～1.6份、膨化大豆24～32份、发酵豆粕14～18份、苜蓿蛋白肽粉6～10份、鱼粉6～10份、磷酸二氢钙3～5份、柠檬酸钙4～8份、氯化钠2～5份、复合微量元素3～7份、复合氨基酸3～7份、胆碱6～10份、复合维生素0.1～0.3份、维生素C 0.10～0.20份、复合酸化剂3～6份、促生长剂5～8份、混合型饲料添加剂1～2份和抗氧化剂0.5～1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力和面粉，且所述巧克力和所述面粉的质量比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，所述巧克力粉包括巧克力、果糖和葡萄糖，且所述巧克力、所述果糖和所述葡萄糖的质量比为5:2:2。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，所述复合活菌制剂包括干酪乳酸菌5.0×108 cfu/g、丁酸梭菌1.0×106 cfu/g、枯草芽孢杆菌1.0×109 cfu/g、地衣芽孢杆菌1.0×109 cfu/g和酵母菌4.0×108 cfu/g且所述复合活菌制剂中活菌数大于1.0×1010cfu/g。
5.根据权利要求4所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，所述复合酸化剂包括苯甲酸、柠檬酸和乳酸，所述苯甲酸、所述柠檬酸和所述乳酸的质量比为2:1:1 。
6.根据权利要求5所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，所述苜蓿蛋白肽粉包括26%～27%的粗蛋白和15.50%～15.82%的苜蓿纤维素。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，所述复合微量元素由蛋白铜、蛋白铁、氧化锌、蛋白锰、碘酸钙、酵母硒组成；每1 kg所述保育猪饲料中含锌200000 mg，铜3000 mg，铁15000 mg，锰3000 mg，碘100 mg，硒30 mg，其中氧化锌形式的锌不高于180000mg。
8.根据权利要求7所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，每1 kg的所述混合型饲料添加剂包括蛋白铁100 g、小麦水解蛋白100 g、复合酶制剂100 g、复合调味剂500 g、低聚壳聚糖30g、酵母提取物150g和玉米淀粉载体20 g。
9.根据权利要求7所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，以质量份数计，所述复合调味剂包括迭迭香4～6份、珊瑚姜2～4份、香兰素7～9份、枸橼酸4～6份、糖精钠8～13份、葡萄糖14～17份、白糖28～32份和味精13～16份。
10.根据权利要求7所述的保育猪饲料，其特征在于，以质量份数计，所述复合氨基酸包括赖氨酸盐酸盐70～80份、蛋氨酸5～10份、苏氨酸15～20份、色氨酸1～5份、缬氨酸5～10份；所述复合维生素包括维生素A 30000000～34000000 IU/kg、维生素D3 5800000～6200000 IU/kg、维生素E 110000～130000 IU/kg、维生素K3 5000～7000 mg/kg、维生素B15000～7000 mg/kg、维生素B2 19000～21000 mg/kg、维生素B6 5000～7000 mg/kg、维生素B12 100～140 mg/kg、烟酸胺90000～120000 mg/kg、泛酸75000～85000 mg/kg、叶酸3000～3400 mg/kg和生物素500～700 mg/kg。
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