CN103814667A - High-yield accurate and quantitative summer maize fertilization method - Google Patents
High-yield accurate and quantitative summer maize fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814667A CN103814667A CN201410078345.9A CN201410078345A CN103814667A CN 103814667 A CN103814667 A CN 103814667A CN 201410078345 A CN201410078345 A CN 201410078345A CN 103814667 A CN103814667 A CN 103814667A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield accurate and quantitative summer maize fertilization method. According to the fertilizer demand characteristic of the summer maize, a novel compressed sheet-shaped fertilizer identical in size and equivalent in the contents of nutrients including N, P and K, is developed and is applied in proper positions close to maize plants, as a result, the demand of the maize for nutrients is satisfied, and a fertilizer practice which can be used for increasing the yield and improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is achieved.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of accurate quantitative fertilization method of Corn.
Background technology
Corn, as Chinese staple food crop, is the important source material of the industries such as food, feed and industry, and since two thousand seven, corn becomes the crop of Chinese sowing area maximum.Summer corn interior fertilizer sucting ability breeding time is strong, and fertilizer requirement is large, and applying fertilizers scientifically is the key measures that improves corn yield.Ubiquity diazonium fertilizer in current corn production, light phosphorus potash fertilizer, blindly select the unreasonable fertilising phenomenons such as the irrational complex fertilizer of nutrient proportioning, seedling stage " one bombards ", fertilising are more shallow, cause that fertilising cost is high, output and economic benefit low.On the other hand, rural laborer shifts, and in the urgent need to simplifying production technology, the corn accurate quantitative fertilization technology of efficient, the applicable mechanized operation of research and extension is for improving yield of Summer Corn and increasing farmers' income significant.
Current Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization is Soil Nutrient Characteristics And Its Spatial Variability rule (precisely testing soil nutrient and diagnosis crop alimentary situation), crop regulation of fertilizer requirement and the target output based on fertilising region, determine suitable Fertilization Model (Rational Decision fertilizing amount, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and fertilizing time etc.), adopt rational fertilization mode to make the precision of applying fertilizer, realize joint fertilizer, volume increase and synergy.Meter Yan Hua etc. survey crop juice nitrate radical content level by the on-the-spot speed in nitrate test-strip-reflectometer field, determine corn fertilizing diagnosis period, diagnosis position, diagnosis critical value and corresponding topdressing amount thereof, think that corn nitrogen nutrition quick diagnosis Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization can be local high-yield corn plantation scientific basis is provided.Danger Changzhou etc. are by field trial, soil testing and the exploitation of farmland geographic information resources, take MapInfo6.0GIS as platform, set up the nutrient management of corresponding calculator cotton field and Tree Precise Fertilization computer system, recommended fertilizer than Fertilizer effect function more accurately and reliably.After the corn accurate fertilizing expert system Demonstration Application of utilizing agricultural production knowledge, computer and network technologies research and development has been reported in the researchs such as Yao Yuxia, corn on average increases production 11.31%.The corn NutrientExpert fertilization recommendation expert system that He Ping etc. have researched and developed based on crop yield reaction and agronomy efficiency can be according to information such as soil property, crop yield level, nutrient control measures, recommend the fertilising nutrient combo (as obtainable target output, fertilizer optimum amount, time of application and number of times etc.) based on different peasant households individual information, form the fertilization recommendation of " point-to-point ", there is good the effect of increasing income, realize Tree Precise Fertilization in a way.
Existing summer corn fertilizer practice single urea or the ordinary compound fertilizer ditching-fertilizings on one side that adopt more, fertilizer can only easily be absorbed by the root system of corn one side, and fertilizer ratio and fertilizing amount can not guarantee balanced sufficient supplies, can not meet preferably the demand of corn to nutrient, thereby impact is grown and output.
Particularly:
1, existing summer corn fertilizer practice npk fertilizer proportioning used is unreasonable.
2, fertilizer amount can not meet corn demand preferably, and is difficult for evenly while using.
3, fertilizer placement, in corn one side, can not be absorbed by maize root system preferably
Summary of the invention
Corn mostly is compact kind, planting density 67500～75000 strains/hm
2.According to existing research, summer corn needs the fertilizing amount of fertile characteristic rational proportion to be generally N240～300kg/hm
2, P
2o
5103～129kg/hm
2, K
2o86～107kg/hm
2.
The object of patent of the present invention is to provide a kind of Corn accurate quantitative fertilization method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps,
Step 1: make sheet fertilizer (see figure 1)
Urea, MAP and potassium chloride fertilizer are pulverized and are fully mixed the sheet fertilizer that rear employing compressor compresses is every heavy 7.02g, wherein every to contain pure nutrient be N4.00g, P
2o
51.72g, K
2o1.43g.
Step 2: fertilising
At Summer Corn Seedlings, 2 quantitative sheet fertilizer of 7.02g are executed respectively to about 10-20cm place, interval, both sides in the middle of two strain corns, the about 8-15cm of fertilization depth, makes every strain corn surrounding have fertilizer to continue supply nutrient.
It is characterized in that in described step 2,2 quantitative sheet fertilizer of 7.02g are executed to 15cm place, interval, both sides in the middle of two strain corns, and fertilization depth 10cm(is shown in Fig. 2).
It is characterized in that adopting this fertilizing method single fertilization to make summer corn contrast remarkable volume increase 16%～19%., be accustomed to twice fertilising volume increase 1.9%～3.0%.
Beneficial effect:
Plant nitrogen, phosphorus and the potassium element accumulation of this fertilizing method have increased respectively 3.4%～4.1%, 3.7%～7.0% and 2.7%～3.9% compared with habits fertilization, nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency and nitrogenous fertilizer this season availability have on average improved respectively 1.24kg/kg and 3.41 percentage points, on average increase production 2.5%.Suitable with slow-release fertilizer single fertilization effect, realize high yield and simplified the object of applying fertilizer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and the embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1 is precisely quantitative sheet fertilizer schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is Different Fertilization mode schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
The effect of the accurate quantitative fertilization of summer corn
(1) test arrangement
Tested in June, 2013-September, respectively in Liu Zhai village, Ju Qiao town, Hebi City Qibin District, Henan Province, (abbreviation " Hebi ") and Xu Zhuan village of Tang Miao township of Yuncheng County of Heze city of Shandong province (being called for short " Heze ") carry out.
4 processing are established in test altogether: (in the middle of two strain corns, both sides interval 15cm respectively executes a 7.02g sheet fertilizer to Tree Precise Fertilization, fertilization depth 10cm left and right), (apply 50% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer apart from plant 15cm left and right ditching-fertilizing seedling stage to habits fertilization, the phase of weaving silk adopts 50% nitrogenous fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes in the middle of two strain corns, fertilization depth 10cm left and right, amount of nutrients is with " Tree Precise Fertilization "), (seedling stage is apart from disposable the applying of plant 15cm left and right trench digging for slow-release fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen ratio is 52%, amount of nutrients is with " Tree Precise Fertilization "), (phosphorus Potassium Fertilizer is not with " Tree Precise Fertilization " for nitrogen fertilizer application, fertilization mode is with " habits fertilization ").Fertilizer placement and mode are shown in Fig. 2.
Test site, Hebi planting density 75000 strains/hm
2, community area 32m
2, repeating for 3 times, random district group is arranged, and total fertilizing amount is N300kg/hm
2, P
2o
5129kg/hm
2, K
2o107kg/hm
2.Test site, Heze planting density 67500 strains/hm
2, community area 40m
2, repeating for 3 times, random district group is arranged, and total fertilizing amount is N270kg/hm
2, P
2o
5116kg/hm
2, K
2o96kg/hm
2.Experimental cultivar is dredges list 29, carries out cultivation management respectively according to locality custom.
(2) result of the test
1. the precisely impact of quantitative fertilization on yield of Summer Corn and constituent element thereof
As can be seen from Table 1, summer corn azophoska is joined and is executed remarkable volume increase, compared with T4, and Hebi volume increase 15.1%～19.5%, Heze volume increase 13.8%～16.1%, is all that T3 output is the highest.Hebi T1 and T3 improve respectively 1.5% and 1.8% compared with T2 thousand kernel weight, and grain number per spike increases respectively 1.4% and 1.1%, volume increase 3.0% and 3.8%; Heze T1 and T3 improve respectively 0.6% and 1.2% compared with T2 thousand kernel weight, and grain number per spike increases respectively 1.3% and 0.9%, volume increase 1.9% and 2.0%.Illustrate that the more conventional twice fertilising output of accurate quantitative fertilization and slow-release fertilizer single fertilization does not reduce, and has realized the object of simplifying fertilising.
Table 1 different disposal is produced the impact of the factor on yield of Summer Corn and one-tenth thereof
2. the precisely impact of quantitative fertilization on summer corn plant nutrition accumulation
As can be seen from Table 2, azophoska is joined and is executed the remarkable summer corn plant npk nutrient accumulation that increased, Hebi T1, T2 and T3 nitrogen accumulation amount have increased by 52.5%～63.2% compared with T4 increase by 47.6%～53.5%, phosphorus accumulation amount, and potassium element accumulation has increased by 22.9%～34.9%; Heze T1, T2 and T3 nitrogen accumulation amount have increased by 37.2%～58.9% compared with T4 increase by 35.4%～36.9%, phosphorus accumulation amount, and potassium element accumulation has increased by 22.1%～26.0%.Hebi T1 has increased respectively 3.4%, 3.7% and 3.9% compared with T2 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element accumulation, and Heze T1 has increased respectively 4.1%, 7.0% and 2.7% compared with T2 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element accumulation.Precisely quantitative fertilization has promoted summer corn absorbing npk nutrient.
Impact (the kg/hm of table 2 different disposal on summer corn plant nutrition accumulation
2)
3. the precisely impact of quantitative fertilization on summer corn fertilizer utilization efficiency
Table 4 shows, the nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency of Hebi and Heze T1, T3 is all a little more than T2, and T1 has increased respectively 1.07kg/kg and 1.42kg/kg compared with T2, average out to 1.24kg/kg.Hebi and Heze T1 utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer are all the highest, exceed respectively 3.02 and 3.80 percentage points compared with T2,3.41 percentage points of average out to; T1 exceeds respectively 3.52 and 1.09 percentage points compared with T3,2.30 percentage points of average out to.Precisely quantitative fertilization has improved fertilizer utilization efficiency to a certain extent.
The impact of table 3 different disposal on summer corn fertilizer utilization efficiency
(3) conclusion (of pressure testing)
Hebi and significantly volume increase 15.1%～19.5% and 13.8%～16.1% of Heze summer corn fertilising.Precisely the plant nitrogen of quantitative fertilization, phosphorus and potassium element accumulation have increased respectively 3.4%～4.1%, 3.7%～7.0% and 2.7%～3.9% compared with habits fertilization, nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency and nitrogenous fertilizer this season availability have on average improved respectively 1.24kg/kg and 3.41 percentage points, on average increase production 2.5%.Precisely quantitative fertilization has promoted summer corn to the absorbing of npk nutrient, and has improved to a certain extent fertilizer utilization efficiency, suitable with slow-release fertilizer single fertilization effect, has realized high yield and has simplified the object of fertilising.
Should be understood that these embodiment are only not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read the content of the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Claims (3)
1. the accurate quantitative fertilization method of Corn, is characterized in that comprising the following steps,
Step 1: make sheet fertilizer
Urea, MAP and potassium chloride fertilizer are pressed to summer corn and need fertile characteristic rational proportion, pulverize, fully mix the sheet fertilizer that rear employing compressor compresses is every heavy 7.02g, wherein every to contain pure nutrient be N4.00g, P
2o
51.72g, K
2o1.43g;
Step 2: fertilising
At Summer Corn Seedlings, 2 quantitative sheet fertilizer of 7.02g are executed respectively to about 10-20cm place, interval, both sides in the middle of two strain corns, the about 8-15cm of fertilization depth, makes every strain corn surrounding have fertilizer to continue supply nutrient.
2. the accurate quantitative fertilization method of a kind of Corn as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that in described step 2, and 2 quantitative sheet fertilizer of 7.02g are executed to 15cm place, interval, both sides in the middle of two strain corns, fertilization depth 10cm.
3. the accurate quantitative fertilization method of a kind of Corn as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that adopting this fertilizing method single fertilization to make summer corn volume increase 16%～19%, is accustomed to twice fertilising volume increase 1.9%～3.0%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688414A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Single-dose application method for corn root area |
| CN109122119A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-01-04 | 河南农业大学 | Summer Maize in Meadow Soil weight-reducing synergy fertilizing method |
| CN111418322A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-17 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Multilayer accurate fertilization and planting method for corn |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688414A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Single-dose application method for corn root area |
| CN109122119A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-01-04 | 河南农业大学 | Summer Maize in Meadow Soil weight-reducing synergy fertilizing method |
| CN111418322A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-17 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Multilayer accurate fertilization and planting method for corn |
| CN111418322B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-02-11 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Multilayer accurate fertilization and planting method for corn |
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