CN103811034A - 磁盘驱动器通过相对温度评估电流预测主轴电机故障 - Google Patents

磁盘驱动器通过相对温度评估电流预测主轴电机故障 Download PDF

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CN103811034A
CN103811034A CN201310545679.8A CN201310545679A CN103811034A CN 103811034 A CN103811034 A CN 103811034A CN 201310545679 A CN201310545679 A CN 201310545679A CN 103811034 A CN103811034 A CN 103811034A
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Y·黄
C·纪
D·T·潘
C·L·张
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Western Digital Technologies Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及磁盘驱动器通过相对温度评估电流预测主轴电机故障。公开了一种磁盘驱动器,其包括在磁盘上方被致动的磁头和可操作用于旋转磁盘的主轴电机。基线关系在主轴电机的基准电流和温度范围之间生成。主轴电机的工作电流被测量,并且对应的工作温度被测量。主轴电机的故障基于工作电流、工作温度和基线关系来预测。

Description

磁盘驱动器通过相对温度评估电流预测主轴电机故障
背景技术
磁盘驱动器包括通过主轴电机旋转的磁盘以及连接到致动器臂末端的磁头,致动器臂通过音圈电机(VCM)绕枢轴旋转将磁头径向定位在磁盘上方。该磁盘包括用于记录用户数据扇区和嵌入式伺服扇区的多个径向间隔的同心磁道。嵌入式伺服扇区包括磁头定位信息(例如,磁道地址),该信息由磁头读取并由伺服控制系统处理以在致动器臂逐道寻找时对其进行控制。
附图说明
图1A和1B示出根据本发明一个实施例的磁盘驱动器,其包括在磁盘上方致动的磁头和用于旋转磁盘的主轴电机。
图1C是根据本发明一个实施例的流程图,其中基于主轴电机的工作电流、工作温度和主轴电机的基线电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系预测主轴电机的故障。
图2示出本发明的一个实施例,其中在制造过程中通过测量主轴电机在两种温度下的电流、曲线拟合测量结果和添加偏移以生成故障阈值来生成第一基线关系。
图3示出根据本发明的一个实施例的流程图,其中在实际部署磁盘驱动器时,控制电路定期地按序测量主轴电机的电流和工作温度,以便基于第一基线关系预测主轴电机的故障。
图4是根据本发明的实施例的流程图,其中在第二工作条件范围内生成主轴电机的基线电流的第二基线关系,其中主轴电机的故障可以基于第一和第二基线关系预测。
具体实施方式
图1A和1B示出根据本发明实施例的磁盘驱动器,其包括在磁盘4上方被致动的磁头2以及可操作用于旋转磁盘4的主轴电机6。该磁盘驱动器进一步包括可操作用于执行图1C的流程图的控制电路8,其中生成主轴电机6的基线电流与温度范围的第一基线关系(方框10)。测量主轴电机的工作电流和相应的工作温度(方框12)。基于工作电流、工作温度和第一基线关系预测主轴电机的故障(方框14)。
在图1A的实施例中,磁盘4包括定义多个伺服磁道20的嵌入式伺服扇区180-18N,其中数据磁道相对伺服磁道被定义(以相同或不同的径向密度)。控制电路8处理从磁头2传出的读信号22以将伺服扇区180-18N解调成估算的位置。从参考位置减去估算的位置以生成位置误差信号(PES),其代表磁头的实际位置和相对目标磁道的目标位置之间的误差。使用适当的补偿滤波器滤波PES以生成应用于音圈电机(VCM)26的控制信号24,音圈电机(VCM)26使致动器臂28绕枢轴旋转以在磁盘4上方沿减少PES的方向径向致动磁头2。伺服扇区180-18N可包括任何适当的位置信息(例如用于粗定位的磁道地址和用来精确定位的伺服脉冲)。伺服脉冲可包括任何适当的模式,例如基于振幅的伺服模式(如正交伺服模式)或适当的基于相位的伺服模式。
本发明的实施例可采用任何适当的主轴电机6。在一个实施例中,主轴电机6包括其中使用了适当的润滑剂(例如,酯油)的流体动态轴承来代替传统的滚珠轴承。影响主轴电机6寿命的重要因素是流体动态轴承中采用的润滑剂的寿命。由于氧化和/或旋转期间中心部分(hub)和润滑剂表面之间的摩擦所引起的金属污染,润滑剂将随着时间的流逝发生降解。润滑剂还会自流体动态轴承泄漏出去,导致中心部分和心轴之间的摩擦增大。
在一个实施例中,通过监视主轴电机6的电流来检测由于流体动态轴承中润滑剂的降解或泄漏而增大的摩擦。可以使用任何适当的技术监视主轴电机6的电流,其中在一个实施例中,控制电路8包括具有合适的电流检测器的功率集成电路IC30(图1B),该电流检测器用于检测主轴电机6为维持磁盘4以目标速度旋转需要的电流量。在另一个实施例中,反馈控制系统中应用于主轴电机6的控制作用力可以代表主轴电机6的电流,从而实体的电流检测器是不必要的。在一个实施例中,主轴电机6的电流在滑动时窗(running window)上被测量并被平均以有助于从电流测量中过滤噪声。
在一个实施例中,主轴电机的流体动态轴承中润滑剂的粘性相对温度反向变化。结果,温度会影响监视主轴电机6的退化时的电流测量结果。这在图2中示出,其显示主轴电机的电流如何随着温度下降(由于流体动态轴承中润滑剂粘性增大的原因)而增大的示例。
在一个实施例中,为了说明温度对主轴电机的电流的作用,生成主轴电机6的基线电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系。在一个实施例中,第一基线关系在制造过程中实际部署每个磁盘驱动器之前生成。在实际部署每个磁盘驱动器时,控制电路8监视主轴电机的电流和相应的温度,并且使用第一基线关系预测主轴电机的故障。例如,在一个实施例中,可通过向主轴电机6的电流和当前温度之间的第一基线关系添加适当的偏移生成阈值。如果电流超过该阈值,控制电路8可预测主轴电机6即将发生的故障。
在图2所示的一个实施例中,用于生成主轴电机电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系的过程通过测量第一温度(T1)下的第一基线电流、测量第二温度(T2)下的第二基线电流以及拟合第一和第二基线电流以绘制曲线来加速执行。可以使用任何适当的技术来实施本发明的曲线拟合方面,例如通过调节代表电流相对温度的指数衰减的适当函数的一个或更多系数。在另一个实施例中,可以生成多个预表征曲线,每条曲线代表特定类型的主轴电机(例如,来自特定出售方)的电流和温度之间的典型基线关系。然后,可以通过选择在第一和第二温度下最佳拟合第一和第二基线电流测量结果的预表征曲线来生成第一基线关系。
图2还示出通过向主轴电机电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系添加适当的偏移来生成故障阈值的实施例。在一个实施例中,该故障阈值可在实际部署磁盘驱动器之后通过控制电路8动态生成。在另一个实施例中,图2示出的故障阈值曲线可在制造期间使用每个磁盘驱动器存储,因而排除了控制电路8计算阈值的需要。
在本发明的其他实施例中,控制电路8可使用不同的技术预测主轴电机6即将发生的故障。例如,控制电路8可基于主轴电机电流相对第一基线关系和当前温度的导数检测即将发生的故障。例如,如果主轴电机6的电流快速增加,这可能表明润滑剂正从流体动态轴承泄漏,并且因此主轴电机6更可能即将发生故障。
图3是根据本发明的实施例的流程图,其示出对主轴电机6的故障预测的综述。在每个磁盘驱动器的制造过程期间生成主轴电机电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系(方框32)。向第一基线关系添加偏移以生成相应基线阈值的阵列(方框34)。在实际部署磁盘驱动器之后(方框36),控制电路8定期执行主轴电机电流的采样(方框38)。测量主轴电机电流和相应的温度(方框40),并且通过使用当前温度对基线阈值阵列进行索引来生成相应的阈值(方框42)。如果主轴电机电流超过该阈值(方框44),则控制电路8预测主轴电机的即将发生的故障(方框46)并采取适当的措施(例如,警告主机即将发生的故障)。在磁盘驱动器寿命期间控制电路8以任何适当的间隔定期重复图3的流程图,其中该间隔可以随时间降低以增大采样频率。在一个实施例中,随着主轴电机电流接近故障阈值,控制电路8可以增大采样频率以有助于确保即将发生的故障条件先于实际的突然故障被预测到。
图4是根据本发明的替代实施例的流程图,其为图3的流程图的扩展。在该实施例中,除温度外的一个或更多工作条件可影响主轴电机电流。因此,在该实施例中,第二基线关系在主轴电机的基线电流的制造过程期间在第二工作条件范围内生成(方框48)。任意个不同的工作条件可影响主轴电机电流,例如湿度、高度、压力、主轴电机速度、磁盘驱动器的取向(例如直立水平、反向水平、垂直等)、磁头在磁盘上的径向位置(例如,外径位置对内径位置)或者磁头是卸载到斜坡上还是装载到磁盘上(磁头的装载/卸载条件)。然后,基于主轴电机电流与温度以及影响电流的其他工作条件之间的基线关系生成基线阈值的多维阵列。当采样间隔期满(方框38),而实际部署磁盘驱动器时,测量主轴电机电流和相应的温度(方框40),并且测量至少一项工作条件(方框52)。通过使用当前温度和至少一个工作条件索引基线阈值的多维阵列来生成阈值(方框54)。如果主轴电机电流超过阈值(方框44),则控制电路8预测主轴电机的即将发生的故障(方框46)并采取适当的动作。
可以使用任何适当的控制电路(例如,任何适当的一个或更多集成电路)实施本发明的实施例的流程图。例如,控制电路可在读取通道集成电路内或者在独立于读取通道的组件(例如磁盘控制器)内实施,或者上述某些操作可通过读取通道执行而其他操作通过磁盘控制器执行。在一个实施例中,读取通道和磁盘控制器作为独立集成电路实施,并且在可替换的实施例中,它们被装配到单个集成电路或片上系统(SOC)中。此外,控制电路包括适当的前置放大器电路,其作为独立的集成电路集成到读取通道或磁盘控制器电路中,或者集成到SOC中。
在一个实施例中,控制电路包括执行指令的微处理器,这些指令可操作用于引起微处理器执行本文所述的流程图。这些指令可存储在任何计算机可读介质中。在一个实施例中,可以将这些指令存储在微处理器之外的非易失性半导体存储器上,或者与微处理器一起集成到SOC中。在另一实施例中,当磁盘驱动器接通电源时,这些指令存储在磁盘上并被读取到易失性半导体存储器中。在又一实施例中,控制电路包括适当的逻辑电路(例如,状态机电路)。

Claims (16)

1.一种磁盘驱动器,其包括:
磁盘;
在所述磁盘上方被致动的磁头;
可操作用于旋转所述磁盘的主轴电机;以及
控制电路,其可操作用于:
生成所述主轴电机的基线电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系;
测量所述主轴电机的工作电流和相应的工作温度;以及
基于所述工作电流、所述工作温度和所述第一基线关系预测所述主轴电机的故障。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述控制电路进一步可操作用于:
生成相对所述第一基线关系中对应于所述工作温度的基线电流的阈值;以及
当所述工作电流超过所述阈值时预测所述主轴电机的故障。
3.根据权利要求2所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述控制电路进一步可操作用于通过向与所述第一基线关系中的工作温度对应的基线电流添加偏移生成所述阈值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述控制电路进一步可操作用于通过以下方式生成所述第一基线关系:
在第一温度下测量第一基线电流;
在第二温度下测量第二基线电流;以及
将所述第一和第二基线电流拟合成曲线。
5.根据权利要求4所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述控制电路可操作用于:
在制造过程期间测量所述第一和第二基线电流;以及
测量实际部署磁盘驱动器时的工作电流。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述控制电路可操作用于在磁盘驱动器寿命期间,定期测量所述主轴电机的所述工作电流和对应的工作温度,并预测所述主轴电机的故障。
7.根据权利要求1所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述控制电路可操作用于:
生成所述主轴电机的所述基线电流在第二工作条件范围内的第二基线关系;以及
基于所述工作电流、工作温度、所述第一基线关系和所述第二基线关系来预测所述主轴电机的故障。
8.根据权利要求7所述的磁盘驱动器,其中所述工作条件包括湿度、高度、压力、主轴电机速度、磁盘驱动器的取向、磁头在磁盘上的径向位置以及磁头的卸载/装载条件中的至少一个。
9.一种操作磁盘驱动器的方法,所述磁盘驱动器包括在磁盘上方致动的磁头以及可操作用于旋转所述磁盘的主轴电机,该方法包括:
生成所述主轴电机的基线电流在温度范围内的第一基线关系;
测量主轴电机的工作电流和对应的工作温度;以及
基于所述工作电流、工作温度和所述第一基线关系预测所述主轴电机的故障。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其进一步包括:
生成相对所述第一基线关系中对应于所述工作温度的所述基线电流的阈值;以及
当所述工作电流超过所述阈值时预测所述主轴电机的故障。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其进一步包括通过向所述第一基线关系中对应于所述工作温度的所述基线电流添加偏移生成所述阈值。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其进一步包括通过以下方式生成所述第一基线关系:
在第一温度下测量第一基线电流;
在第二温度下测量第二基线电流;以及
将所述第一和第二基线电流拟合成曲线。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其进一步包括:
在制造过程期间测量所述第一和第二基线电流;以及
测量实际部署磁盘驱动器时的工作电流。
14.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其进一步包括在所述磁盘驱动器的寿命内定期测量所述主轴电机的工作电流和对应的工作温度,以及预测所述主轴电机的故障。
15.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其进一步包括:
生成所述主轴电机的基线电流在第二工作条件范围内的第二基线关系;以及
基于所述工作电流、所述工作温度、所述第一基线关系和第二基线关系预测所述主轴电机的故障。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述工作条件包括湿度、高度、压力、主轴电机速度、磁盘驱动器的取向、磁头在磁盘上方的径向位置以及磁头的卸载/装载条件中的至少一个。
CN201310545679.8A 2012-11-07 2013-11-06 磁盘驱动器通过相对温度评估电流预测主轴电机故障 Pending CN103811034A (zh)

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