CN103788549B - 一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103788549B
CN103788549B CN201410031799.0A CN201410031799A CN103788549B CN 103788549 B CN103788549 B CN 103788549B CN 201410031799 A CN201410031799 A CN 201410031799A CN 103788549 B CN103788549 B CN 103788549B
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CN103788549A (zh
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石磊
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Guangdong Xianli Frp Co ltd
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NANTONG RED STON TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/91—Heating, e.g. for cross linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0011—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with compression moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7461—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92923—Calibration, after-treatment or cooling zone

Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料及其制备方法，耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料由以下成分按照重量比组成：酚醛树脂为3～8份、聚三氟氯乙烯为11～17份、戊烯为2～3份、聚环氧乙烷为4～6份、聚乙烯醇为4～6份、氯化石蜡为5～9份、聚异丁烯为7～9份。耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料的制备方法包括高温混合、设定条件进行双螺杆挤压等步骤，制备得到的复合塑料具有突出的耐酸碱和耐湿性能，可用于防止酸碱的腐蚀、及在潮湿环境中使用。

Description

一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合塑料及其制备方法，特别是涉及一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料制品材质多为共聚物，共聚物的成分组成对塑料制品的物理特性有较大的影响。常规的复合塑料成品不具有良好的耐酸碱的功能，在遇到酸液或碱液时，塑料会发生腐蚀现象。在一些化学品生产过程中，就会有这种现象产生，影响着生产安全和人身安全。另外在一些潮湿的环境中，对塑料制品的耐湿性能就有一定的要求，若复合塑料成品耐湿效果较差，会导致其物理性能发生变化，影响产品的整体稳定性。
为了避免在酸、碱环境下塑料制品受到腐蚀，以及在潮湿环境下塑料制品发生性能变化，我们需要开发具有良好耐酸碱和耐湿性能的复合塑料。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题：常规的复合塑料未经过特殊处理，其耐酸性能、耐碱性能和耐湿性能较差的问题。
技术方案：本发明公开了一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料及其制备方法，耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料由以下成分按照重量比组成：酚醛树脂为3～8份、聚三氟氯乙烯为11～17份、戊烯为2～3份、聚环氧乙烷为4～6份、聚乙烯醇为4～6份、氯化石蜡为5～9份、聚异丁烯为7～9份。
一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）取酚醛树脂为3～8份、聚三氟氯乙烯为11～17份、戊烯为2～3份、聚环氧乙烷为4～6份，将酚醛树脂、聚三氟氯乙烯、戊烯、聚环氧乙烷放入温度为135℃的反应釜中，机械搅拌均匀；（2）再取聚乙烯醇为4～6份、氯化石蜡为5～9份、聚异丁烯为7～9份，放入反应釜中搅拌均匀；（3）将搅拌均匀的熔融的塑料混合物使用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压处理，双螺杆挤压机转速为60rpm～100rpm，双螺杆挤压机长径比为30:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为170℃，第二段为185℃，第三段为205℃，自然冷却得到复合塑料；（4）将复合塑料加热至230℃后压制成型。
其中，所述的聚三氟氯乙烯优选为17份。
所述的聚异丁烯优选为8～9份。
所述的双螺杆挤压机转速优选为100rpm。
有益效果：本发明制备得到的复合塑料具有突出的耐酸碱和耐湿的性能，室温下可耐5wt%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡60h至80h无变化，室温下可耐饱和氢氧化钙溶液浸泡80h至120h无变化，在湿度为95%，温度为50℃情况下放置30h至50h后，复合塑料也未有变化产生。
具体实施方式
实施例1
耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料的制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）取酚醛树脂为3kg、聚三氟氯乙烯为11kg、戊烯为3kg、聚环氧乙烷为5kg，将酚醛树脂、聚三氟氯乙烯、戊烯、聚环氧乙烷放入温度为135℃的反应釜中，机械搅拌均匀；（2）再取聚乙烯醇为4kg、氯化石蜡为9kg、聚异丁烯为7kg，放入反应釜中搅拌均匀；（3）将搅拌均匀的熔融的塑料混合物使用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压处理，双螺杆挤压机转速为100rpm，双螺杆挤压机长径比为30:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为170℃，第二段为185℃，第三段为205℃，自然冷却得到复合塑料；（4）将复合塑料加热至230℃后压制成型。
实施例2
耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料的制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）取酚醛树脂为5kg、聚三氟氯乙烯为14kg、戊烯为2kg、聚环氧乙烷为4kg，将酚醛树脂、聚三氟氯乙烯、戊烯、聚环氧乙烷放入温度为135℃的反应釜中，机械搅拌均匀；（2）再取聚乙烯醇为5kg、氯化石蜡为7kg、聚异丁烯为8kg，放入反应釜中搅拌均匀；（3）将搅拌均匀的熔融的塑料混合物使用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压处理，双螺杆挤压机转速为60rpm，双螺杆挤压机长径比为30:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为170℃，第二段为185℃，第三段为205℃，自然冷却得到复合塑料；（4）将复合塑料加热至230℃后压制成型。
实施例3
耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料的制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）取酚醛树脂为8kg、聚三氟氯乙烯为17kg、戊烯为3kg、聚环氧乙烷为6kg，将酚醛树脂、聚三氟氯乙烯、戊烯、聚环氧乙烷放入温度为135℃的反应釜中，机械搅拌均匀；（2）再取聚乙烯醇为6kg、氯化石蜡为5kg、聚异丁烯为9kg，放入反应釜中搅拌均匀；（3）将搅拌均匀的熔融的塑料混合物使用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压处理，双螺杆挤压机转速为80rpm，双螺杆挤压机长径比为30:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为170℃，第二段为185℃，第三段为205℃，自然冷却得到复合塑料；（4）将复合塑料加热至230℃后压制成型。
取实施例1、实施例2、实施例3制备得到的复合塑料，分别将其放入5wt%的柠檬酸溶液中浸泡60h、80h、100h，另取复合塑料分别放入饱和氢氧化钙溶液浸泡80h、100h、120h。再另取复合塑料在湿度为95%，温度为50℃情况下放置30h、40h、50h。结果如下。
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
耐酸性 60h后复合塑料无酸腐蚀现象 80h后复合塑料无碱腐蚀现象 100h后复合塑料局部有腐蚀现象产生
耐碱性 80h后复合塑料无碱腐蚀现象 100h后复合塑料无碱腐蚀现象 120h后复合塑料无碱腐蚀现象
耐湿性 30h后复合塑料无性能变化 40h后复合塑料无性能变化 50h后复合塑料无性能变化
制备得到的复合塑料具备了良好的耐酸性、耐碱性、耐湿性，具有广阔的使用空间和技术价值。

Claims (4)

1.一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料，其特征在于耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料由以下成分按照重量比组成：酚醛树脂为3～8份、聚三氟氯乙烯为11～17份、戊烯为2～3份、聚环氧乙烷为4～6份、聚乙烯醇为4～6份、氯化石蜡为5～9份、聚异丁烯为7～9份；
所述的一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料的制备方法，制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）取酚醛树脂为3～8份、聚三氟氯乙烯为11～17份、戊烯为2～3份、聚环氧乙烷为4～6份，将酚醛树脂、聚三氟氯乙烯、戊烯、聚环氧乙烷放入温度为135℃的反应釜中，机械搅拌均匀；（2）再取聚乙烯醇为4～6份、氯化石蜡为5～9份、聚异丁烯为7～9份，放入反应釜中搅拌均匀；（3）将搅拌均匀的熔融的塑料混合物使用双螺杆挤压机进行挤压处理，双螺杆挤压机转速为60rpm～100rpm，双螺杆挤压机长径比为30:1，挤压温度分为3段：第一段为170℃，第二段为185℃，第三段为205℃，自然冷却得到复合塑料；（4）将复合塑料加热至230℃后压制成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料，其特征在于加入的聚三氟氯乙烯为17份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料，其特征在于聚异丁烯为8～9份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐酸碱耐湿的复合塑料，其特征在于双螺杆挤压机转速为100rpm。
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