CN103788337B - 一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103788337B
CN103788337B CN201410016178.5A CN201410016178A CN103788337B CN 103788337 B CN103788337 B CN 103788337B CN 201410016178 A CN201410016178 A CN 201410016178A CN 103788337 B CN103788337 B CN 103788337B
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邹美帅
何吉宇
杨荣杰
王万金
贺奎
周思伟
田锦
顾文
董全霄
夏义兵
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法，属于建筑用保温材料技术领域。本发明的一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备方法，首先将除了PAPI的其他所有组分在室温下混合均匀，在混合过程中，金属醇盐和水会反应原位生成纳米氢氧化铝凝胶，其他产物为金属醇盐所对应的醇，并未给聚醚体系带来其他副产物；然后加入PAPI，进行搅拌，搅拌完成后进行浇注、发泡，完成后，即制得本发明的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。

Description

一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法，属于建筑用保温材料技术领域。
背景技术
外墙外保温技术是建筑物保温和隔热的重要措施之一，外墙外保温用材主要是多孔泡沫材料，其中以聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料保温隔热性能最优。未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯是可燃物，遇火会燃烧并分解，产生大量有毒烟雾，给灭火带来困难。聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料应用于外墙外保温需要满足相关阻燃要求。聚氨酯硬泡塑料的阻燃性能可通过添加阻燃剂、采用含阻燃元素的多元醇、在泡沫塑料中引入异氰脲酸酯基团等方法得以实现。聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃剂以液态阻燃剂为主。液体阻燃剂主要是含磷、氯、溴元素的有机化合物，如三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCPP)、四(2-氯乙基)亚乙基二磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)、多溴二苯醚，等等。固体阻燃剂如三聚氰胺、三氧化锑、氢氧化铝、硼酸盐、聚磷酸铵、三(2,3-二溴丙基)异三聚氰腹酯等也用于聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃。液体阻燃剂易迁移，固体阻燃剂工艺适应性差。含阻燃元素的多元醇通常是指含磷、氮、卤素的聚酯或聚醚多元醇。异氰脲酸酯是由3个异氰酸酯基团在三聚催化剂的作用下通过三聚反应形成的六元杂环。添加阻燃剂、采用阻燃多元醇、引入异氰脲酸酯基团的方法经常结合使用才能达到良好的阻燃效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述已有聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的阻燃性能存在的不足之处，提供一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现。
本发明的一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料，该泡沫塑料包括多元醇、金属醇盐、稳泡剂、液体阻燃剂、发泡剂、水、复合催化剂和多异氰酸酯；以该泡沫塑料的质量为100份计算，各组分的质量含量为：
所述的多元醇为市售聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或他们的混合物，多元醇牌号为NT403A、DD4110、NGPS4230或QZ450L；
所述的金属醇盐制备方法是：高活性金属燃料与醇在密闭反应器中，加热（反应温度低于所使用醇的沸点）条件下直接合成制得；其中高活性金属燃料是通过高能球磨法制备，醇为市售醇。
金属燃料为镁粉、铝粉、镧粉、铈粉中的一种或其混合物；
所用醇中的碳的数目大于等于5，官能度大于等于2。
所述的稳泡剂为201二甲基硅油；
所述的液体阻燃剂为三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCPP)、四(2-氯乙基)亚乙基二磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)或他们的混合物；
所述的水为去离子水；
所述的复合催化剂由牌号为PC-8或K-15或DMP-30的市售产品组成；
所述的发泡剂为141b；
所述的多异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯PAPI。
有益效果
本发明的一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备方法，首先将除了PAPI的其他所有组分在室温下混合均匀，在混合过程中，金属醇盐和水会反应原位生成纳米氢氧化铝凝胶，其他产物为金属醇盐所对应的醇，并未给聚醚体系带来其他副产物；然后加入PAPI，进行搅拌，搅拌完成后进行浇注、发泡，完成后，即制得本发明的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
将制备的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料进行性能测试，指标如下：导热系数0.019～0.024W·m-1·K-1；阻燃性级别为B1～B2；密度为38～52kg/m3；氧指数为26～33；压缩强度为180～260kPa。
具体实施方式
实施例1
配方组成：多元醇NT403A为19.5份，己二醇铝盐3份，甲基硅油0.8份，TCEP7份，水2.0份，K-151.1份，141b6.6份，多异氰酸酯PAPI60份。
将除了PAPI的其他所有组分在室温下混合3分钟至均匀；然后加入PAPI，以5000转/min的转速进行搅拌10s，然后浇注、自由发泡，完成后，即制得本发明的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
按GB8624-2012标准测试，所制备的泡沫塑料燃烧性能如表1。
表1NT403A配方泡沫塑料燃烧性能
实施例2
配方组成：多元醇QZ450L质量含量为19.5份，己二醇铝盐3份，甲基硅油1.1份，TCPP7份，水2.0份，PC-81.0份，141b6.4份，多异氰酸酯PAPI60份。
将除了PAPI的其他所有组分在室温下混合3分钟至均匀；然后加入PAPI，以5000转/min的转速进行搅拌10s，然后浇注、自由发泡，完成后，即制得本发明的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
按GB8624-2012标准测试，所制备的泡沫塑料性能如表2。
表2QZ450L配方泡沫塑料性能
实施例3
配方组成：多元醇QZ450L质量含量为18份，己二醇铝盐4份，甲基硅油1.1份，TCPP7份，水2.5份，PC-81.0份，141b6.4份，多异氰酸酯PAPI60份。
将除了PAPI的其他所有组分在室温下混合3分钟至均匀；然后加入PAPI，以5000转/min的转速进行搅拌10s，然后浇注、自由发泡，完成后，即制得本发明的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
按GB8624-2012标准测试，所制备的泡沫塑料性能如表3。
表3QZ450L配方泡沫塑料性能

Claims (5)

1.一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料，该泡沫塑料包括多元醇、稳泡剂、液体阻燃剂、发泡剂、水、复合催化剂和多异氰酸酯，其特征在于：该泡沫塑料还包括金属醇盐；以该泡沫塑料的质量为100份计算，各组分的质量含量为：
金属醇盐制备方法是：高活性金属燃料与醇在密闭反应器中，加热条件下直接合成制得；加热温度低于所使用醇的沸点，其中高活性金属燃料是通过高能球磨法制备，醇为市售醇；
金属燃料为镁粉、铝粉、镧粉、铈粉中的一种或其混合物；
所用醇中的碳的数目大于等于5，官能度大于等于2；
所述的复合催化剂由牌号为PC-8或K-15或DMP-30的市售产品组成；所述的发泡剂为141b；多异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯PAPI。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料，其特征在于：多元醇为市售聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或他们的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料，其特征在于：所述的稳泡剂为201二甲基硅油。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料，其特征在于：所述的液体阻燃剂为三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCPP)、四(2-氯乙基)亚乙基二磷酸酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)或他们的混合物。
5.一种权利要求1所述的用于外墙外保温的阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：首先将除了PAPI的其他所有组分在室温下混合均匀，在混合过程中，金属醇盐和水会反应原位生成纳米氢氧化凝胶，其他产物为金属醇盐所对应的醇，并未给聚醚体系带来其他副产物；然后加入PAPI，进行搅拌，搅拌完成后进行浇注、发泡，完成后，即制得阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
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