CN1037734C - 射频放大器偏置控制的方法和装置 - Google Patents

射频放大器偏置控制的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1037734C
CN1037734C CN93108063A CN93108063A CN1037734C CN 1037734 C CN1037734 C CN 1037734C CN 93108063 A CN93108063 A CN 93108063A CN 93108063 A CN93108063 A CN 93108063A CN 1037734 C CN1037734 C CN 1037734C
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radio frequency
frequency amplifier
amplifier
bias
direct current
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约翰·L·所利戴
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0261—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
    • H03F1/0272—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A by using a signal derived from the output signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0261—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0261—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
    • H03F1/0266—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A by using a signal derived from the input signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
    • H03G3/20—Automatic control
    • H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
    • H03G3/3036—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers
    • H03G3/3042—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/192—A hybrid coupler being used at the input of an amplifier circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/204—A hybrid coupler being used at the output of an amplifier circuit

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Abstract

一个和RF放大器一起使用的偏置控制电路包括和RF放大器相联的检测器，用于检测和RF放大器输出信号功率电平成比例的信号(PouT)，一个和检测器相联的比较器，用于比较被检测信号和参考值(Vref)，和比较器及RF放大器相联的调节电路，用于把放大器的偏置电压调节成比较值的函数以控制RF放大器的静态工作点并优化选中工作特性如增益特性，互调特性和效率的RF放大器的工作。

Description

射频放大器偏置控制的方法和装置
本发明。涉及射频放大器，特别是射频功率放大器。
射频(RF)功率放大器广泛地用于各种通信和其它电子应用中。这些放大器由一级或多级级联放大器组成，每一级都使该级输入信号的电平以一个级增益增大。理想情况下，每级输入到输出的转换是线性的；出现在输出端的是幅度增大的输入信号的完美的再现。但实际上，所有的功率放大器在转换特性上都有一个非线性度。这个非线性对各种放大器工作特性产生不利影响，如增益特性，互调特性以及效率。
非线性放大器的转换特性产生一个增益扩展的现象。增益扩展是由基极—发射极结中对输入信号功率的调整使放大器基极—发射极电压改变而引起的。事实上，到RF放大器的输入信号功率改变了放大器的静态工作点。其结果是RF放大器的增益将以输入信号的功率的函数而增大，因而，产生增益扩展现象。增益扩展是RF放大器所不希望的特性。尤其是当放大器必须工作在动态范围很大的输入信号时，比如1992年三月二十日递交的专利申请第07/855,172所公开并转让给本申请受托人的题为“大动态范围调制独立前馈放大器网络“(HIGH DYNAMIC MODULATION INDE-PENDENT FEED FORWARD AMPLIFIER NETWORK)中所述的多音频(multi-tone)线性功率放大器。在这样的多音频应用中，输入信号在很宽的动态范围内有稳定的放大器增益是需要的。
同样，非线性也引起放大器输出信号失真，不再是输入信号准确的再现。这种失真产生被称作互调产物的伪信号成分。互调产物是典型地不需要产物，因为它将影响使用该放大器系统的特性，产生干扰，串扰及其它有害影响。应当注意，放大器产生互调产物的量与放大器的输入信号成正比。
另一个受非线性转变影响的RF功率放大器的工作特性是放大器的效率。按照定义，放大器的效率是由POUT/PIN决定的。功率放大器的效率越高，达到想要的输出电平所需的输入功率就越小。由于增益扩展使放大器输出功率电平失真，所以造成在低输出功率时放大器效率减小的不良影响。
因此，现有技术反映出各种意在改善放大器的一个或多个工作特性的方法和装置，典型的方法是以牺牲其它特性为代价。由于这些参数之间关系密切，优化任何一个都将对其它参数产生不良影响。因此，当偏置放大器的静态工作点降低用于改善放大器的效率，互调特性和饱和点时，还要综合考虑了可能的最大增益和放大器增益的平滑性(在很宽动态范围内稳定的增益)。相反，当偏置放大器的静态工作提高以改善可能的最大增益和放大器的增益平滑性时，还要综合考虑放大器的效率，互调特性和饱和点。
因此提供一个可避免现有技术的缺陷的能在输入信号很宽的动态范围内等效RF功放的工作特性的补偿电路是很有益的。
简要地说，本发明是控制RF放大器的偏置电流的方法和装置，包括检测和RF放大器的输出功率电平POUT成比例的信号的装置和方法，把检测信号和一个参考值进行比较，调节RF放大器的偏置电流，作为比较的一个函数以控制RF放大器的静态工作点，优化放大器的工作特性，比如增益扩展，互调特性和效率。
根据另一个实施例，RF放大器的静态工作点(偏置电流)被调节作为被检测的RF放大器输入功率电平PIN的函数。
图1示出了根据本发明的RF放大器偏置控制电路的第一个实施例；
图2示出了根据本发明的RF放大器偏置控制电路的第二个实施例；
图3示出了根据本发明的RF放大器偏置控制电路的第三个实施例；
图4画出了根据图1，2，3的偏置控制电路的转换函数；以及
图5画出了图1-3所示的放大器网络所期望的信号环境的一个示范。
参阅图1以框图的形式示出了根据本发明的RF放大器网络100。该网络信号环境的示范在图5中给出。如图5所示，网络100要输入窄带调制信号510和宽带调制信号520，例如一个频分多路(FDMA)结构和/或码分多路(CDMA)结构。除了包括多种调制结构外，RF放大器网络100所需的信号环境的特征还包括输入功率电平呈现很宽的动态范围的输入信号。
图1中的RF功率放大器网络100包括一个RF放大器102，方向性耦合器104，直流(DC)放大器106，DC转换放大器108和二极管整流器112。在工作期间，RF输入信号PIN由RF放大器102放大，输出放大的输出信号POUT。被放大的输出信号的一部分经过方向性耦合器104和二极管整流器112引到DC放大器106，从而把RF输出功率电平转换成一个DC电压。该DC放大器106把被转换的DC信号和一个参考值Vref相比较并把其差值放大。这个放大的差值信号输入DC转换放大器108进行整形，当放大器输出功率电平POUT增大时，向RF放大器102提供一个减小的偏置电压Vbias，以调整放大器偏置电流作为输出功率电平的一个函数，控制放大器的静态工作点。齐纳(Zenor)二极管的电压VREF作为这一转换的参考电压。VREF可被改变用于调节如图4所示沿路径110加入RF放大器102的动态偏置转换曲线的斜率。
参阅图2所示的框图结构，是根据本发明的RF放大器网络的第二个实施例。该RF放大器网络200包括一个RF放大器202，电阻R1，DC放大器206，齐纳二极管VREF，DC转换放大器208。在工作期间，RF放大器102的输出功率POUT被检测作为集电极、电流的函数，IC通过路径204加到RF放大器202上。集电极电流正比于RF放大器202的输出功率。在这一过程中，在电源电压为VCC的电路中，电阻R1用作IC的电流传感器。
根据最佳实施例，R1是阻抗很小的电阻，其典型值为0.05-1Ω。该阻抗可使R1上产生一个可检测到的电压降，但这个电压值很小，不足以影响整个放大器的性能。该电压降由DC工作的放大器206放大并加到DC转换放大器208上。
转换放大器208是这样构置的，当输出功率POUT增加时，向RF放大器202提供一个减小的偏置电压Vbias，从而调节放大器偏置电流作为输出功率电平的函数，来控制放大器的静态工作点。齐纳二极管VREF在这一转换中用作参考值。VREF可以被改变以调节沿路210加到RF放大器202的动态偏置曲线的斜率。
参阅图3示出了根据本发明的RF放大器网络300的另一个实施例。除了RF放大器偏置电流被调节成RF输入信号功率电平PIN的函数而不是RF输出信号功率电平POUT外，RF放大器网络300基本上根据图1的说明进行工作。方向性耦合器312把RF输入信号PIN加到偏置控制电路306-310，当放大器输入功率电平PIN增加时，提供一个减小的偏置电压Vbias给RF放大器302，从而调节放大器偏置电流作为输入信号功率电平的函数以控制放大器的静态工作点。图4画出了图1，2，3的偏置控制电路的转换函数，这一点对本领域的技术人员是很明显的。
总之，这里描述的各种偏置控制电路就是在低的输出功率电平期间增加RF放大器的偏置电压，而在高的输出功率电平期间减小RF放大器的偏置电压，以克服增益扩展现象，并优化所选中的工作特性的放大器工作，比如互调特性和效率。

Claims (16)

1.一种和射频放大器一起使用的偏置控制电路，所述RF放大器具有响应于由射频放大器偏置电流建立的静态工作点的多个工作特性，其特征在于该电路包括：
和一个射频放大器相连的装置，用于检测和射频放大器的输出功率电平成比例的信号；
和检测装置相连的装置，用于把检测信号和一个参考值相比；
以及
和比较装置及射频放大器相连的用于把射频放大器偏置电流调节成比较值的函数的装置，用以控制射频放大器的静态工作点，并优化选中的工作特性的射频放大器的工作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于其中检测装置是一个从由射频功率检测器和直流电流检测器组成的一组装置中选出的装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于其中和射频放大器的输出信号成比例的信号是从以下一组信号选出的；
射频放大器输入信号；
射频放大器输出信号；以及
代表由射频放大器控制的电流的信号。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于其中用于把射频放大器偏置电流调节成比例值的函数的装置是一个直流放大器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于其中射频放大器的工作特性包括：增益特性，互调特性和效率。
6.一种偏置控制电路，和有多个工作特性的射频放大器一起使用，所述射频放大器的工作特性响应由射频放大器偏置电流建立的静态工作点，其特征在于该电路包括：
和射频放大器相连的装置，用于检测由射频放大器控制的直流电流；以及
和比较装置及射频放大器相连的用于把射频放大器偏置电流调节成被检测的直流电流的函数的装置，用以控制射频放大器的静态工作点，并优化选中的工作特性的射频放大器的工作。
7.根据权利6所述的电路，其特征在于其中检测装置是一个直流电流检测器。
8.根据权利要求6所述的电路，其特征在于其中检测装置是和射频放大器的集电极串联的电阻。
9.根据权利要求6所述的电路，其特征在于其中用于把射频放大器偏置电流调节成比例值的函数的装置是一个直流放大器。
10.根据权利要求6所述的电路，其特征在于其中射频放大器工作特性包括：增益特性，互调特性效率。
11.一种和射频放大器一起使用的偏置控制电路，包括一个输入端、一个输出端、电源和响应于由射频放大器偏置电流建立的静态工作点的多个工作特性，所述电路的特征在于：
和射频放大器相连的装置，用于检测电源电压提供给射频放大器的直流电流；以及
和检测装置和射频放大器相连的装置，用于随检测的直流电流的变化调节射频放大器偏置电流，控制射频放大器的静态工作点，从而对所选择的工作特性优化射频放大器的工作。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电路，其特征在于其中检测装置是串联到电源电压上的电阻。
13.一种和射频放大器一起使用的偏置控制电路，包括一个输入端、一个输出端、电源和响应于由射频放大器偏置电流建立的静态工作点的多个工作特性，所述电路的特征在于：
和射频放大器相连的检测器，用于检测电源电压提供给射频放大器的直流电流，该检测器包括连在电源电压和射频放大器之间的电阻和连到所述电阻两端具有第一和第二输入端的差分放大器，以传感所述电流并提供一个输出信号；以及
响应输出信号，改变射频放大器偏置电流的装置。
14.在响应由射频放大器的偏置电流建立的静态工作点的、具有输入端、输出端、电源和多个工作特性的射频放大器中，控制所述偏置电流的方法的特征在于下列步骤：
检测由电源电压加到射频放大器上的直流电流；以及
随着所检测的直流电流的变化调节射频放大器，以控制射频放大器的静态工作点。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于调节射频放大器的偏置电流以同时优化放大器的增益特性、互调特性和效率。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于调节射频放大器的偏置电流的步骤还包括下列步骤：
当所检测的直流电流增加时，减小偏置电压；以及
当所检测的直流电流减小时，增加偏置电压。
CN93108063A 1992-07-02 1993-06-28 射频放大器偏置控制的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1037734C (zh)

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FI940805A0 (fi) 1994-02-21
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CN1081794A (zh) 1994-02-09
BR9305564A (pt) 1995-12-26
EP0604622A1 (en) 1994-07-06
TW225058B (zh) 1994-06-11
KR0138224B1 (ko) 1998-06-15
US5311143A (en) 1994-05-10
FI940805A (fi) 1994-02-21
MY116332A (en) 2004-01-31

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