The outer defeated floating drum of deep water column
Technical field
The present invention relates to crude oil exporting device, relate in particular to a kind of outer defeated floating drum of deep water column that is applicable to the floating platform crude oil exporting under deep water harsh environment.Belong to ocean engineering field.
Background technology
Crude oil exporting is an important component part of offshore oil field development, directly has influence on the economic benefit of whole development of the field.Up to now, for the outer defeated pattern of Crude Oil at Sea, there are two kinds of forms, the one: submerged pipeline is outer defeated; The 2nd: marine shuttle tanker is outer defeated.
Although the impact that utilizes the outer output oil of marineline can not be subject to amblent air temperature condition stops production oil field, and the operation management expense of pipeline is also lower, but the investment cost that marineline is built is quite high, there is larger investment risk, once lay, must have sufficiently high crude output could reclaim the huge investment of marineline.Such as: the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, submarine pipeline system is very ripe and intensive, and therefore, crude oil exporting mainly relies on submarine pipeline system.
And for other deep water sea area in the world, as southern China sea, marine site, West Africa, Brazil, South East Asia etc., because submarine pipeline system is less-developed, marine shuttle tanker outer communication system, is still the major way of current off-shore oil field crude oil exporting.
The outer communication system of marine shuttle tanker generally comprises: floating type oil storage platform, mooring facilities and shuttle tanker.The distinguishing feature of utilizing shuttle tanker to carry out crude oil exporting is small investment, and facility is reusable, can be used in the crude oil exporting task of a plurality of offshore oil field developments, easy to use, can not produce investment risk because of the little restriction of oilfield reserve.Generally can be according to the ability of the output in oil field, oil storage facility and oil field offshore distance, select one or several shuttle tankers to transport oil.
Different according to alongside mode, adopt shuttle tanker to carry out outer defeated being divided into: string is by formula; Other by formula; Long-range outer defeated formula.Wherein, string is by formula and other outer defeated by formula, and General Requirements floating type oil storage platform is off-shore oil field Floating Production oil storage system (FPSO), and generally has ship type design or the single buoy mooring system the same with shuttle tanker.
As shown in Figure 2, at present, the outer defeated floating drum of existing tradition is shallow draft list barrel shape structure, conventionally by barrel shape main structure body 201 and the turntable 202 being located on barrel shape main structure body 201, formed, wherein, turntable 202 is connected by swivel bearing with barrel shape main structure body 101, to realize relatively rotating between turntable 202 and barrel shape main structure body 101; Barrel shape diameter of movement is generally 20 meters of left and right, and drinking water is generally 10 meters of left and right.
The outer defeated floating drum of existing tradition has simple in structure, and materials are relatively economized, the advantage that transportation and installation are comparatively economic.But it is very good that it is only applicable to such as environmental conditionss such as West Africa, the region that wave is less; Therefore, this kind of outer defeated floating drum is widely used in marine site, West Africa.Its shortcoming is, because the motion natural period of outer defeated floating drum is (when the design, mainly consider rolling, pitching and heave) generally about 10 seconds, close to the main energy range of wave, so, the non-constant of its exercise performance, externally the designing requirement of transport pipe and anchor system is very high, cannot be applied to environmental conditions relatively severe, the marine site that wave is larger, as: other marine site of southern China sea, the North Sea, Brazil and the world.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that prior art exists, and defeated floating drum outside a kind of deep water column is provided, and it is applied widely, not only can be on active service in the severe marine site of environmental conditions, also can be on active service in the good marine site of condition; And the exercise performance of defeated floating drum, has realized the long-range outer defeated operation under deep water sea area severe sea condition outside having improved greatly; Meanwhile, the design difficulty of outer transport pipe and anchoring system is greatly reduced, and can save the cost of outer defeated and anchoring system.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme:
The outer defeated floating drum of a kind of deep water column, comprise: a floating drum main body, be located at the turntable in floating drum main body, this turntable is connected with floating drum main body by swivel bearing, it is characterized in that: this floating drum main body is deep draft column formula structure, bottom in column floating drum main body is provided with a permanent ballast tank, and top is provided with ballast chamber near waterplane place; Meanwhile, be greater than 20 seconds the natural period of rolling, pitching and the heave movement of this column floating drum main body, with away from the main energy range of wave.
The computing formula of the natural period of described column floating drum main body motion is:
in formula, M is: the quality of buoyancy aid and added mass sum; K is: the stiffness coefficient of this freedom of motion.
Near the middle part of described column floating drum main body, outer transport pipe junction, be furnished with outer transport pipe adaptor union basic design, outer defeated ground cable basic design; Meanwhile, the near middle of column floating drum main body is also furnished with anchor chain.
Described turntable and cable arm are connected as a single entity, and cable arm is connected with outer defeated floating drum by turntable, and outer defeated floating drum is connected with shuttle tanker by heaving pile.
Described cable arm is extension structure, that is: cable arm, outward also toward downward-extension one setpoint distance, makes cable arm form inverted "L" shaped, to produce to reduce the external defeated floating drum of a shuttle tanker capsizing moment.
The place, deck at described turntable top, is provided with top connection structure, and top connection structure is slab and girder.
Described column floating drum main body is to be connected and composed by the elongated column of several dark drinking water, the centre of the cylinder of column floating drum main body, middle part anchor chain and outer transport pipe junction, be provided with middle portion connecting structure, in this, portion connecting structure is: truss structure or slab and girder, and in order to connect the cylinder of column floating drum main body and to support anchor chain and outer transport pipe.
Described permanent ballast tank is connected between the cylinder of column floating drum main body, and permanent ballast tank is closed in space's structure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is owing to adopting technique scheme, and it is applied widely, not only can be on active service in the severe marine site of environmental conditions, also can be on active service in the good marine site of condition; And the exercise performance of defeated floating drum, has realized the long-range outer defeated operation under deep water sea area severe sea condition outside having improved greatly; Meanwhile, the design difficulty of outer transport pipe and anchoring system is greatly reduced, and can save the cost of outer defeated and anchoring system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the outer defeated arrangement plan of off-shore oil field distance type of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the outer defeated floating drum perspective view of existing traditional deep water.
Fig. 3 A is the outer defeated floating drum transparent view of column deep water of the present invention.
Fig. 3 B is the outer defeated floating drum lateral plan of column deep water of the present invention.
Major label description in figure:
101. floating oil storage tankers, 102. mooring system, 103. outer transport pipe, 104. outer defeated floating drums, 105. mooring system, 106. flotation hose, 107. heaving pile, 108. shuttle tanker, 201. barrel shape main structure bodies, 202. turntable, 300. waterplane, 301. column floating drum main bodys, 302. turntable, 303. ballast chamber, 304. buoyancy compartment, 305. permanent ballast tank, 306. cable arms, 307. outer transport pipe pipe arrangements, 308. outer transport pipe adaptor union basic designs, 309. anchor chain, 310. outer defeated ground cable basic designs, 311. top connection structures, portion connecting structure in 312., 313. floor structure.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the long-range outer communication system in typical deep water oil field comprises: the mooring system (102 that is separately fixed at seabed, 105), be suspended in outer transport pipe 103 in water, be fixed on the outer defeated floating drum 104 in seabed and the flotation hose 106 being connected with outer defeated floating drum 104 by heaving pile 107, wherein, mooring system 102 is connected with floating oil storage tanker 101, makes floating oil storage tanker 101 be stabilized in sea; Another mooring system 105 that is fixed on seabed is connected with outer defeated floating drum 104, makes outer defeated floating drum 104 be stabilized in sea; The one end that is suspended in the outer transport pipe 103 in water is connected with floating oil storage tanker 101, and the other end is connected with outer defeated floating drum 104; Shuttle tanker 108 is connected on outer defeated floating drum 104 by heaving pile, and shuttle tanker 108 is shared a set of mooring system 105 with outer defeated floating drum 104.The crude oil of handling well from floating oil storage wheel 101 by transport pipe 103 be delivered to outer defeated floating drum 104, from outer defeated floating drum 104, by flotation hose 106, be delivered to shuttle tanker 108 again, finally, by shuttle tanker 108, be transported to land terminal, complete a crude oil exporting operation.
From outer defeated flow process, can find, outer defeated floating drum 104 is most important in the middle of whole outer communication system, needs to guarantee the design safety of outer transport pipe 103 and mooring system (102,105), meanwhile, provides mooring to rely on need to shuttle tanker 108.Because the size of outer defeated floating drum 104 own is less, the wave effect highly significant that it is subject to, the external transport pipe 103 of motion of outer defeated floating drum 104 and the ultimate strength of mooring system (102,105) and fatigue life require very high.For the less marine site of the very good wave of environmental conditions, though existing traditional outer defeated floating drum 104 can meet design operating needs, and for the larger marine site of the severe wave of environmental conditions, cannot adopt existing traditional outer defeated floating drum 104.
As Fig. 3 A, shown in Fig. 3 B, the present invention includes: a column floating drum main body 301, be located at the turntable 302 in column floating drum main body 301, wherein, turntable 302 is connected with column floating drum main body 301 by swivel bearing, to realize relatively rotating between turntable 302 and column floating drum main body 301; According to the long-time statistical feature of wave, it is within 3-20 scope second that Wave energy is generally only distributed in period of a wave, and the interval that is greater than 20 seconds for the cycle only has small energy to exist.Therefore, column floating drum main body 301 of the present invention has increased the natural period of its motion, with away from the main energy range of wave.Be the natural period of its heave, roll and pitch motion: be greater than 20 seconds.
According to the motion equation, be the natural period of certain freedom of motion of buoyancy aid:
in formula, M is: the quality of buoyancy aid and added mass sum; K is: the stiffness coefficient of this freedom of motion.From formula, can find out, increase the orbit period of buoyancy aid, only have two selections, that is: increase buoyancy aid quality or reduce motion stiffness coefficient.For floating drum of the present invention, mainly consider the motion of heave, roll and pitch three degree of freedom.
For heave movement, M is: the quality of floating drum and added mass sum, K is: heave movement water elastic stiffness, is embodied in: waterplane area size.Increase mass M and mean increase steel weight, cost rises, and this way will not be recommended.
Column floating drum main body 301 of the present invention is: two (or many) deeply absorb water elongated column and connect and compose column body formula structure, can effectively reduce deep motion rigidity, increases the natural period of moving.Meanwhile, colonnette body structure also actv. has reduced near the wave action area of waterplane, has got the effect that reduces wave force.
For rolling, pitching motion, M is: the rotor inertia of floating drum and added mass sum.K is: rolling, pitching countermoment, show as the product that displacement and metacenter for transverse inclination are high, longitudinal metacenter is high.
The present invention is dark drinking water formula structure, buoyancy compartment 304 provides enough buoyancy for whole outer defeated floating drum, in the bottom of floating drum main body 301, be provided with a permanent ballast tank 305, top in column floating drum main body 301 is provided with ballast chamber 303 near waterplane 300 places, permanent ballast tank 305 and ballast chamber 303 are all away from the center-of-gravity position place of column floating drum main body, like this, can farthest increase the rotor inertia of floating drum., meeting under the prerequisite that stability requires meanwhile, by adjusting the proportioning of permanent ballast tank 305 and ballast chamber 303, minimizing that metacenter for transverse inclination is high, longitudinal metacenter is high.Finally, make the rolling of column floating drum main body 301, be greater than 20 seconds the natural period of pitching motion, reach the object away from the main energy range of wave.
The present invention is owing to adopting dark drinking water formula pole structure, and, in cylinder bottom, permanent ballast tank 305 is set, reduced the center-of-gravity position of total.Make the center of gravity of total lower than centre of buoyancy, reach unconditional stability.
Queen post structure is only a kind of way of realization wherein, also can adopt other versions, as open side type or three pillar type etc. under the consistent prerequisite of retention.
Turntable 302 is integrated with cable arm 306, and cable arm 306 is connected with outer defeated floating drum by turntable 302, and outer defeated floating drum is connected with shuttle tanker by heaving pile.
Shuttle tanker is outside in transporting operation process, by heaving pile, be connected on the cable arm 306 of outer defeated floating drum, cable arm 306 is integral type structure with turntable 302, shuttle tanker is when being subject to environmental forces effect, by along with turntable 302 rotates to the direction of suffered environmental forces minimum around outer defeated floating drum, and form vane effect.Meanwhile, shuttle tanker produces a larger capsizing moment by external defeated floating drum.Cable arm 306 is designed to extension, that is: cable arm 306, outward also toward downward-extension one setpoint distance, makes 306 one of the formation of cable arm inverted "L" shaped, can reduce the capsizing moment that the external defeated floating drum of shuttle tanker produces by actv..
According to the motion feature of buoyancy aid, the impact that roll and pitch motion causes connected object, increases the distance along with centre of gration and increase.Outer transport pipe adaptor union basic design 308, outer defeated ground cable basic design 310 are arranged near centre of gration, that is: column floating drum main body middle part, outer transport pipe junction near; Can effectively reduce the outer defeated floating drum caused application force that moves.Meanwhile, anchor chain 309 connects and is arranged near centre of gration, that is: column floating drum main body near middle; Reduced the capsizing moment that the external defeated floating drum of horizontal anchor chain power produces.
According to the design function feature of outer defeated floating drum, place, the deck at turntable top, and middle part anchor chain and outer transport pipe junction, born main connection external load, and in addition, Fixed Ballast place of bottom will produce larger gravity and inertia loading.The design is provided with reinforced company's connecting structure at three above-mentioned key position places.Wherein, the place, deck at turntable top is provided with top connection structure 311, top connection structure 311 is typical slab and girder, play the effect of being responsible for connecting left and right two cylinders of column floating drum main body 301 and supporting turntable 302, middle portion connecting structure 312 can be truss structure or slab and girder, play two cylinders that be responsible for to connect column floating drum main body 301 and the effect of supporting anchor chain and outer transport pipe, outer transport pipe pipe arrangement 307 is for realizing being connected between outer transport pipe and flotation hose; Floor structure 313Wei closed in space structure, the while is also connected between the cylinder of column floating drum main body 301 as a part for permanent ballast tank 305.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that every foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.