WO2017215053A1

WO2017215053A1 - Single point mooring out-transportation terminal

Info

Publication number: WO2017215053A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/088847
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王翎羽; 董旭; 传建; 崔文涛
Original assignee: 天津市海王星海上工程技术股份有限公司
Priority date: 2016-06-14
Filing date: 2016-07-06
Publication date: 2017-12-21
Also published as: CN105947116A

Abstract

A single point mooring out-transportation terminal, comprising a base disc (6) fixed to seabed, a single anchor leg (4), a platform (1) where a device can be placed, a suspension mechanism, and an out-transportation oil tanker (3) floating on the water surface. The single anchor leg (4) is provided vertically. The platform (1) is connected to the upper part of the single anchor leg (4) and can rotate around the single anchor leg (4). The lower end of the single anchor leg (4) is fixedly connected to the base disc (6). The suspension mechanism comprises a rigid arm (7), a bow buoy (73), and a stern buoy (77). The rigid arm (7) is located underwater and is provided with a bow end (701) and a stern end (702). The bow end (701) is connected to the lower part of the single anchor leg (4) and can rotate around the single anchor leg (4). Both the bow buoy (73) and the stern buoy (77) are located above the rigid arm (7). The bow buoy (73) is connected to the rigid arm (7) by means of a bow anchor chain (72), and the stern buoy (77) is connected to the rigid arm (7) by means of a stern anchor chain (76). A bow (301) of the out-transportation oil tanker (3) is separately connected to the platform (1) and the bow buoy (73), and a stern (302) is connected to the stern buoy (77). The mooring out-transportation terminal can be reused, is low in costs, is suitable for various sea conditions and water depths, and has improved safety.

Description

Single point mooring terminal

Related application

The application of the present invention claims the priority of the application number 201610412622.4, which is proposed on June 14, 2016, and is named "single point mooring terminal".

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering, in particular to a single-point mooring external transmission terminal for storing and transporting marine oil.

Background technique

With the development of offshore oil exploration and development and the maritime transportation industry, the development of single-point mooring technology is very rapid. At present, this technology has been adopted as a mature marine transit, warehousing and transfer technology.

The single point mooring system is divided into two application areas from the industry characteristics. First, the single point is used as a transit terminal at sea. Through this “floating terminal”, large ships can be moored and loaded with crude oil or other materials, giving full play to the superiority of large-scale ship transportation, namely, use and external terminals. Second, the single point acts as a terminal for offshore oilfield production and plays a role of “floating oil depot”. It is an economical and advanced storage and transportation method for deep sea and marginal oilfield development, that is, for offshore oil and gas development, such as FSO (floating storage and unloading tanker). ) or FPSO (floating production storage and offloading device).

The single point mooring system can be applied in the following aspects:

(1) It can be used as a transit terminal for import and export crude oil for mooring and loading and unloading crude oil of large or super large oil tankers, which can give full play to the superiority of economic transportation of large oil tankers without having to invest huge amounts of money to build deep water terminals.

(2) The development of large offshore oilfields is very complicated. The investment in fixed production equipment is large and the construction time is long. Before the reserves are not fully grasped, the early production system with single point mooring device as the core can be used to develop oilfields early. Provide a basis for technical decisions for the permanent development of oil fields.

(3) The single point mooring device is an advanced technical means for economic exploitation of marginal oil fields, deep sea oil fields and offshore remote oil fields.

(4) It can be transported in sea areas that are economically or technically unsuitable for pipelaying, without the use of underwater oil pipelines.

(5) It is capable of mooring offshore processing plants, recycling and utilizing oil with associated gas, so that marine resources can be rationally utilized.

Many similar mooring system devices have been or are being applied to sea areas around the world, such mooring devices For example, the traditional Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM), Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM), and variants thereof, such as the Articulated Loading Tower ( ALT).

At present, the single-point mooring and external terminal developed by marginal oilfields has higher cost, higher requirements for waters, poor safety performance and shorter service life.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention proposes a single-point mooring external transmission terminal, which has low cost, can be applied to various sea conditions and water depths, and improves safety.

The invention provides a single point mooring external transmission terminal, which comprises a base plate fixed on the seabed, a single anchor leg, a platform capable of placing equipment, a suspension mechanism and an outer oil transfer wheel floating on the water surface;

The single anchor leg is vertically disposed, the platform is rotatably coupled to the upper portion of the single anchor leg about the single anchor leg, and the lower end of the single anchor leg is fixedly coupled to the base plate;

The suspension mechanism includes a rigid arm, a rafter and a rafter; the rigid arm is located below the water surface, the rigid arm has a stern end and a stern end, the stern end being rotatably coupled to the single anchor leg a lower portion of the single anchor leg; the rafter and the raft are both located above the rigid arm, the raft is connected to the rigid arm by a chain of anchors connected by a chain of rafts On the rigid arm;

The outer oil transfer wheel has a bow and a bow, and the bow is connected to the platform and the rake, respectively, and the bow is connected to the rake.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that the single-point mooring external transmission terminal of the invention can be repeatedly disassembled and reused, and the cost of the development of the marginal oil field is reduced. The rigid arm is connected to the lower part of the single anchor leg and can be rotated around it. The floating buoy is attached to the end of the rigid arm, and the buoy is attached to the end of the rigid arm; the bow of the outer tank is attached to the buoy and its bow is It is attached to the pontoon to avoid collision between the external oil tanker and the rafter and the raft. This improves safety and extends the service life of the single-point mooring terminal.

Adjusting the counterweight of the weight compartment can adjust the depth position of the buoy and the rigid arm in the water; adjusting the counterweight of the counterweight can adjust the depth position of the buoy and the rigid arm in the water, which can be applied to various sea conditions. And water depth. The rigid arm can not only rotate around the single anchor leg through the rolling inner ring of the link structure, but also rotate around the pin shaft provided on the link structure, and the rigid arm can swing freely in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane when impacted by an external force.

DRAWINGS

1 is a front elevational view of a single-point mooring external transmission terminal of the present invention;

2 is a partial front elevational view showing the suspension mechanism of the single-point mooring external terminal of the present invention;

3 is a partial front elevational view showing the connection relationship between the suspension mechanism and the single anchor leg of the single-point mooring outer terminal of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a top plan view of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the link structure of the single-point mooring outer terminal of the present invention;

6 is a partial front elevational view showing the connection relationship between the platform of the single-point mooring external transmission terminal and the external oil transfer wheel of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a top plan view of Figure 6.

Detailed ways

The above and other technical features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings in the claims.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a single-point mooring external transmission terminal, which comprises a base plate 6 fixed on the seabed, a single anchor leg 4, a platform capable of placing equipment, a suspension mechanism and floating on the water surface. External oil tanker 3.

The single anchor leg 4 is vertically disposed, the platform 1 is rotatably coupled to the upper portion of the single anchor leg 4 about the single anchor leg 4, and the lower end of the single anchor leg 4 is fixedly coupled to the base plate 6. 1 and 2, the suspension mechanism includes a rigid arm 7, a rafter 73 and a rafter 77; the rigid arm 7 is located below the water surface, and the rigid arm 7 has a stern end 701 and a stern end 702, and the stern end 701 can be wound around the single The anchor leg 4 is rotatably coupled to the lower portion of the single anchor leg 4; both the raft float 73 and the raft float 77 are located above the rigid arm 7. The raft 104 is attached to the rigid arm 7 by a chain of anchors 72 that are coupled to the rigid arm 7 by a chain of anchors 76. The outer oil transfer 3 has a bow 301 and a bow 302. The bow 301 is connected to the platform 1 and the rake 73, respectively, and the bow 302 is connected to the rake 77.

The single-point mooring external transmission terminal of the invention can be repeatedly disassembled and reused, and the cost of the development of the marginal oil field is reduced. The rigid arm 7 is coupled to and rotatable about a lower portion of the single anchor leg 7, which is attached to the end 701 of the rigid arm 7, and the raft 104 is attached to the end 702 of the rigid arm 7; the bow of the outer transfer 3 The 301 is attached to the rafter 73, and the stern 302 is attached to the rafter 77, thereby avoiding collision between the outer tanker 3 and the rafter 73 and the rafter 77, thereby improving safety and extending single point mooring. The service life of the external terminal. The wellhead equipment can be selectively placed on the platform 1: if the equipment is not placed, the platform 1 can be used as a common single point mooring device; if the wellhead equipment is placed, the platform 1 can be used as a single wellhead platform and configured with FSO (floating) The type of storage and offloading tanker or FPSO (floating production, storage and unloading device) can complete the development of the marginal oil field.

The single-point mooring device is connected to the sea floor by a single anchor leg. As shown in Fig. 1, the single anchor leg 4 is connected to the base plate 6 anchored on the sea floor, and the single anchor leg 4 can be catenary or pre-tensioned. The anchor chain legs can also be steel columns or steel trusses. In the present invention, the single anchor legs 4 are rigid members that provide a moorable location for the outer oil transfer wheel 3. Preferably, the point of attachment of the rigid arm 7 to the single anchor leg 4 is near the lower end of the single anchor leg 4, i.e., the rigid arm 7 is adjacent to the base plate 6 or the seabed.

The rigid arm 7, the yoke chain 72, the rafter 73, the outer oil transfer 3, the rafter 77 and the raft anchor 76 are connected end to end to form a flexible frame similar to a rectangle, and the outer oil transfer wheel 3 is subjected to a rigid arm 7, an anchor chain 72, The rafter 73, the raft anchor 76 and the rafter 77 are used to maintain a certain stability on the water surface. Moreover, the end 701 of the rigid arm 7 is rotatably connected to the single anchor leg 4, and the bow 301 of the outer oil transfer wheel 3 is connected to the platform 1, so that the flexible frame is respectively subjected to a force at the upper portion and the lower portion, when subjected to an external impact force, The outer oil tanker 3 can swing with the waves or the wind direction, and has a certain flexibility to adapt to the environment.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the connection point of the anchor chain 72 and the rigid arm 7 is located at or near the end 701, and the connection point of the anchor chain 76 and the rigid arm 7 is located at or near the end 702. End 702. Preferably, the ear rest 71 is disposed on the rigid arm 7 near the end 701, and the lug 75 is disposed on the rigid arm 7 near the end 702. The anchor chain 72 and the anchor chain 76 are respectively connected. The ear rest 71 and the ear rest 75 are attached. Further, the length of the rigid arm 7 is greater than or equal to the length of the outer oil transfer wheel 3. The rigid arm 7 has a strip shape and a long length, and has good self-floating performance, so that the bow 301 and the bow 302 of the outer oil transfer wheel 3 are respectively connected to the end 701 and the end 702 of the rigid arm 7, and the outer end is lost. The oil tanker 3 receives the force from the rigid arm 7, which improves the stability of the outer oil transfer wheel 3, and prevents the outer oil transfer wheel 3 from floating freely on the water surface to affect the external operation. Preferably, the rigid arm 7 is suspended horizontally in the water, and the rigid arm 7 can also be tilted at a small angle.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a helium counterweight 74 and a helium counterweight 78 are disposed on the raft anchor chain 72 and the raft anchor chain 76, respectively. Adjusting the weight of the weight compartment 74 can adjust the depth position of the raft 104 and the rigid arm 7 in the water; adjusting the weight of the raft weight 78 can adjust the depth position of the raft 104 and the rigid arm 7 in the water. Can be applied to a variety of sea conditions and water depth.

Further, referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the rigid arm 7 is rotatably coupled to the single anchor leg 4 by a link structure 5. Referring to FIG. 5, the link structure 5 includes a rolling inner ring 52, a support ring 53 and a pin 51. The support ring 53 is fixedly sleeved outside the rolling inner ring 52. The rolling inner ring 52 includes a plurality of rollers uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the single anchor leg 4, the axial direction of each roller is parallel to the axial direction of the single anchor leg 4, and the rolling inner ring 52 is rotatably fitted to the single anchor leg. 4; the axial direction of the pin 51 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the single anchor leg 4, and one end of the pin 51 is fixed to the support ring 53, and the end 701 of the rigid arm 7 is rotatably coupled to the other end of the pin 51. Preferably, the roller is a nylon roller, and when the rigid arm 7 rotates around the single anchor leg 4, each nylon roller also rotates about its own axis to make the friction between the rolling inner ring 52 and the single anchor leg 4. The rubbing resistance is small.

Therefore, the rigid arm 7 can not only rotate 360 degrees around the single anchor leg 4 through the rolling inner ring 52 of the link structure 5, the rigid arm 7 is suspended in the water, and the rigid arm 7 can swing freely in the horizontal plane when subjected to an external force. When the rigid arm 7 rotates around the single anchor leg 4, the rotational stability is high and it is less likely to sway.

In addition, the rigid arm 7 is also rotatable about a pin 51 provided on the link structure 5, and the rigid arm 7 can swing freely around the pin shaft 51 in a vertical plane when subjected to an external force to accommodate the force of the sea bottom in the up and down direction. The range of rotation of the rigid arm 7 around the pin 51 is small, the pitch amplitude is not too large, and the rigid arm 7 is generally maintained at a horizontal position or close to the level to maintain the stability of the single-point mooring outer terminal and the outer oil transfer wheel 3. Sexually, and the end 702 of the rigid arm 7 does not touch the seabed.

Further, two pins 51 are symmetrically disposed on the support ring 53, and the end 701 of the rigid arm 7 is provided with two mounting holes, and the pins 51 are rotatably mounted in the two mounting holes, respectively. It is also possible to provide a lug on the support ring 53, and connect the through hole provided in the ear seat to the mounting hole by a connecting member such as a bolt to form a rotatable structure. In the present invention, two symmetrically disposed pins 51 are used, and the pin shaft 51 is laterally arranged with respect to the single anchor leg 4 to stabilize the force-bearing structure, and the rigid arm 7 is relatively evenly applied during long-term use, thereby avoiding excessive local load. Extend the service life of related parts.

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , in the present invention, the platform 1 is provided with a platform hose bracket 11 , and the top of the bow 301 is fixedly provided with an outer hose bracket 31 for external transmission. The hose bracket 31 is connected to the platform hose bracket 11 by at least one anchor cable 13; as shown in Fig. 1, the bow 301 and the raft 34, the bow 302 and the raft float 77 are respectively connected by cables.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the base 6 of the single point mooring terminal of the present invention includes a base post 61, a base box beam 62 and at least three foundations 63. The foundation 63 is anchored on the seabed, the base box beam 62 is connected to the upper end of each foundation 63, the base pillar 61 is vertically disposed, the end of the base pillar 61 is connected to the lower end of the single anchor leg 4, and the lower end of the base pillar 61 is The base box beam 62 is fixedly connected. The base plate 6 may be selected to adopt a long pile foundation form (single pile form or multiple pile forms) according to different geological conditions and environmental conditions; or a cylinder base form (single cylinder base form or multi-tube base form), in the present invention, The use of the tube-based form facilitates the relocation of the entire device and enables the reuse of the entire device.

The single-point mooring outer terminal of the present invention further comprises an oil pipeline and an outer hose 2, the oil pipeline is connected from the input port on the base plate 6 to the platform 1, and the outer hose 2 is connected from the platform 1 to the outer oil tanker. 3. Preferably, one end of the outer hose 2 is placed in the platform hose bracket 11 and the other end is placed in the outer hose bracket 31, and the end of the outer hose 2 is at the platform hose bracket 11 and outside. The inside of the hose holder 31 is better protected. Moreover, since the outer hose 2 is respectively placed near the both ends, the outer hose 2 is not placed between the platform hose bracket 11 and the outer hose bracket 31. Some are not easy to fall into the sea water to avoid damage in the harsh marine environment. The oil pipeline includes an inner pipeline of the base plate 6 and an inner pipeline of the single anchor leg 4, and the crude oil is transported to the platform 1 through the oil pipeline, and after being processed by the equipment on the platform 1, the oil is transported to the outer oil tanker 3 through the outer hose 2. .

Preferably, the platform 1 is coupled to the upper end of the single anchor leg 4 by the platform rotation system 12, and the platform rotation system 12 ensures that the platform 1 can be in the anchor cable 13 when the outer delivery vessel 3 is rotated or swayed by the impact of the ocean waves or wind direction. Drive to rotate.

Further, the anchor cable 13 is provided with a weight 14 which ensures that the outer oil transfer wheel 3 can rotate synchronously with the platform 1.

Further, the rigid arm 7 includes at least three steel pipes arranged in parallel with each other, and at least two connecting ribs are fixedly connected between each two adjacent steel pipes.

Further, the raft float 73 is a cylindrical pontoon or a box-shaped pontoon, and the raft float 77 is a cylindrical pontoon or a box-shaped pontoon.

Further, the single anchor leg 4 is a combination of a cylindrical leg, a truss leg, or a cylindrical leg and a truss leg, and the structure of the single anchor leg can be selected according to the use environment and water depth of the single point mooring terminal.

The installation and use process of the single-point mooring outer terminal of the present invention is as follows: the single anchor leg 4 is mounted to the base plate 6, and the rigid arm 7 is mounted to the lower portion of the single anchor leg 4 by the link structure 5, the raft 34 and The rafts 77 are connected to the rigid arms 7 via the shackle 72 and the shackle 76, respectively, and the outer stern 3 and the stern 302 are moored to the raft 34 and the raft 34, respectively, and the outer transfer 3 The outer hose bracket 31 of the bow 301 is connected to the platform 1 via two anchor cables 13, and the outer hose 2 is connected to the outer tank 3.

The external transfer operation is started, and the oil pipeline is transported to the platform 1 from the input port located on the base plate 6, and the crude oil processed by the platform 1 is transported to the outer tanker 3 via the external hose 2. In the process of external transmission, the outer oil tanker 3 rotates around the single anchor leg 4 with the wave and wind direction. At this time, the platform 1 will rotate synchronously with the outer oil tanker 3 through the anchor cable 13. After the external transmission is completed, the mooring is untied. The cable on the rafter 73 and the rafter 77 is detached from the outer hose 2, and the outer tank 3 is detached.

The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. . It is to be noted that any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

A single-point mooring external transmission terminal, characterized in that the single-point mooring external transmission terminal comprises a base plate fixed on the seabed, a single anchor leg, a platform capable of placing equipment, a suspension mechanism and floating outside the water surface Oil tanker

The single anchor leg is vertically disposed, the platform is rotatably coupled to the upper portion of the single anchor leg about the single anchor leg, and the lower end of the single anchor leg is fixedly coupled to the base plate;

The suspension mechanism includes a rigid arm, a rafter and a rafter; the rigid arm is located below the water surface, the rigid arm has a stern end and a stern end, the stern end being rotatably coupled to the single anchor leg a lower portion of the single anchor leg; the rafter and the raft are both located above the rigid arm, the raft is connected to the rigid arm by a chain of anchors connected by a chain of rafts On the rigid arm;

The outer oil transfer wheel has a bow and a bow, and the bow is connected to the platform and the rake, respectively, and the bow is connected to the rake.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein a connection point of the 艏 anchor chain and the rigid arm is located at or near the 艏 end, and the 艉 chain A connection point with the rigid arm is located at or near the crotch end.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein the length of the rigid arm is greater than or equal to the length of the outer oil transfer wheel.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein a sputum counterweight and a sputum counterweight are respectively disposed on the raft chain and the raft chain.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein the rigid arm is rotatably coupled to the single anchor leg by a link structure;

The link structure includes a rolling inner ring, a support ring and a pin fixedly disposed outside the rolling inner ring, and the rolling inner ring includes a plurality of rollers uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the single anchor leg. The axial direction of each of the rollers is parallel to the axial direction of the single anchor leg, and the rolling inner ring is rotatably fitted on the single anchor leg; the axial direction of the pin is perpendicular to the single anchor In the axial direction of the leg, one end of the pin is fixed to the support ring, and the end of the pin is rotatably coupled to the other end of the pin.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 5, wherein two of the pins are symmetrically disposed on the support ring, and the end of the rigid arm is provided with two mounting holes, each of which is The pins are rotatably mounted in the two mounting holes, respectively.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein a platform hose bracket is disposed on the platform, and an outer hose bracket is fixedly disposed on a top of the bow, and the outer flexible hose is a tube bracket is coupled to the platform hose bracket by at least one anchor cable;

The bow is connected to the raft, the bow and the raft by a cable.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 7, wherein the anchor cable is provided with a weight.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein the rigid arm comprises at least three steel pipes arranged in parallel with each other, and at least two connections are fixedly connected between each two adjacent steel pipes. Ribs.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein the raft is a cylindrical pontoon or a box-shaped pontoon, and the raft is a cylindrical pontoon or a box-shaped pontoon.
The single-point mooring outer terminal according to claim 1, wherein the single anchor leg is a cylindrical leg, a truss leg, or a combined structure of a cylindrical leg and a truss leg.