CN103736029B - 一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物及制备方法，属中药领域；本发明药物有效成分的原料组成为：蔓荆子、瓜螺、岗梅根、浮萍、岩椒草、郁金、鸭卵、及己、薜荔根、麦斛、草石蚕、黄桷皮、饴糖、夜交藤、玉竹和珍珠母；本发明药物具有清热解毒、醒脑开窍、补气固表、养血安神之功效，对治疗脑血栓引起的眩晕、恶心、呕吐、复视、交叉性运动及感觉障碍、构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水发呛等症状具有显著的疗效，选取的药材原料易得，服用方便，疗程短、见效快，治愈后不复发，长期服用对肝肾无任何损害，值得临床广泛推广应用。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域，尤其涉及一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物及制备方法。
背景技术
脑血栓形成是缺血性脑血管病的一种，多见于中老年人，无明显性别差异，它是由于脑血管壁本身的病变引起的。脑血栓形成最常见的病因是动脉硬化，由于脑动脉硬化，管腔内膜粗糙、管腔变窄，在某些条件下，如血压降低，血流缓慢或血液粘稠度增高，血小板聚集性增强等因素的作用下，凝血因子在管腔内凝集成块，形成血栓，使血管闭塞，血流中断，从而使血管供血区的脑组织缺血、缺氧、软化、坏死而发病。
脑血栓形成是脑梗死最常见的类型，是脑动脉主干或皮质支动脉粥样硬化导致血管增厚、管腔狭窄闭塞和血栓形成，引起脑局部血流减少或供血中断，脑组织缺血缺氧导致软化坏死，出现局灶性神经系统症状体征，故而临床上又称为“动脉粥样硬化性脑血栓”或“血栓性脑梗死”。
脑血栓形成一般起病较缓慢，从发病到病情发展到高峰，多需数十小时至数天，这种病常在睡眠中或安静休息时发生；一些病人往往睡前没有任何先兆症状，早晨醒来时发现偏瘫或失语，这可能与休息时血压偏低、血流缓慢有关，但也有一些在白天发病的病人，常有头昏、肢体麻木无力及短暂性脑缺血发作等前驱症状。
脑血栓形成可发生在任何一段脑血管内，但在临床上却以颈内动脉、大脑前动脉及大脑中动脉的分支所形成的血栓较常见。患者表现中枢性偏瘫、面瘫及对侧肢体感觉减退。大多数病人神志清楚，头痛、呕吐者较少见，但若大脑前动脉或大脑中动脉主干阻塞形成大面积脑梗塞时，病情较重，常伴有意识障碍和颅内压增高的症状。椎基底动脉系统血栓形成，则多见眩晕、恶心、呕吐、复视、交叉性运动及感觉障碍、构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水发呛等症状。
脑血栓的治疗主要有中、西医两种治疗方法，西医治疗主要有扩张血管剂、降压药和抗血小板凝聚剂等药物，这些药副作用较大，长期使用会给人体器官带来不同程度的伤害。中医溶栓疗法能活血化瘀、疏通脑脉，从根本上解决脑血栓的问题，毒副作用小，治后不易复发，被大多数的患者所接受，彻底破解了脑病治疗的技术难题，改变了我国脑病治疗史徘徊不前的局面。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物及制备方法；本发明药物具有清热解毒、醒脑开窍、补气固表、养血安神之功效，对治疗脑血栓引起的眩晕、恶心、呕吐、复视、交叉性运动及感觉障碍、构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水发呛等症状具有显著的疗效，选取的药材原料易得，服用方便，疗程短、见效快，治愈后不复发，长期服用对肝肾无任何损害，值得临床广泛推广应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案实施如下：
一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物，制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子49～75份 瓜螺46～64份 岗梅根38～64份 浮萍33～60份
岩椒草33～59份 郁金31～58份 鸭卵29～58份 及己25～52份
薜荔根23～51份 麦斛19～48份 草石蚕17～47份 黄桷皮13～41份
饴糖12～38份 夜交藤9～35份 玉竹6～27份 珍珠母4～23份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子53～71份 瓜螺50～68份 岗梅根42～60份 浮萍38～56份
岩椒草37～55份 郁金35～53份 鸭卵33～53份 及己29～47份
薜荔根28～47份 麦斛23～43份 草石蚕22～42份 黄桷皮18～36份
饴糖16～34份 夜交藤13～31份 玉竹10～23份 珍珠母8～20份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子58～66份 瓜螺55～63份 岗梅根47～55份 浮萍43～51份
岩椒草42～50份 郁金40～48份 鸭卵38～46份 及己34～42份
薜荔根33～41份 麦斛28～38份 草石蚕27～37份 黄桷皮23～31份
饴糖21～29份 夜交藤18～26份 玉竹14～18份 珍珠母12～16份。
制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子62份 瓜螺56份 岗梅根51份 浮萍47份
岩椒草46份 郁金44份 鸭卵42份 及己38份
薜荔根37份 麦斛33份 草石蚕32份 黄桷皮27份
饴糖25份 夜交藤22份 玉竹16份 珍珠母14份。
一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物的制备方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
（1）将蔓荆子、岗梅根、麦斛和草石蚕洗净，浸入10倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡3～4小时，加热回流提取2～3小时，回收乙醇，滤过，将滤液浓缩为60℃环境下相对密度1.20～1.25的稠膏，备用；
（2）将瓜螺、浮萍、郁金、薜荔根、黄桷皮、夜交藤和玉竹洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，备用；
（3）将岩椒草、及己和珍珠母去杂质混合均匀后，烘干，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
（4）将鸭卵敲碎外壳，将蛋清和蛋黄分离，留蛋清备用；
（5）取饴糖置于容器内，加入白开水冲开，得溶液备用；
（6）将上述步骤（1）～（5）所制得的稠膏、滤液、细粉、蛋清以及溶液混合，利用现代先进的制药科技，制成药丸，即得本发明所述的用于治疗脑血栓的药物。
本发明所用中药的药性如下：
蔓荆子：味辛、苦，性微寒；归肺、膀胱、肝经。疏散风热，清利头目，除湿处关节。主治外感头痛，偏正头风，昏晕目暗，赤眼多泪，目睛内痛，齿龈肿痛，湿痹拘挛。
瓜螺：味辛、甘，性平；入肺、胃二经。辛凉解表、敛酸止痛。用于风热感冒，发热，头痛，咳嗽，口渴，胃热泛酸，中脘有烧灼感，口干欲凉饮，甚者剧痛。
岗梅根：味苦、甘，性寒；归肺、肝、大肠经。清热生津，散瘀解毒。主感冒，头痛，眩晕，热病烦渴，痧气，热泻，肺痈，百日咳，咽喉肿痛，痔血，淋病，疔疮肿毒，跌打损伤。《南宁市药物志》载：“清热解毒，润肺止渴。治喉痛口渴，咳血，痧气。”
浮萍：味辛，性寒；归肺、膀胱经。发汗解表，透疹止痒，利水消肿，清热解毒。主治风热表证，麻疹不透，隐疹瘙痒，水肿，癃闭，疮癣，丹毒，烫伤。《纲目》载：“主风湿麻痹，脚气，打扑损伤，目赤翳膜，口舌生疮，吐血，衄血，瘫风，丹毒。”
岩椒草：味辛、苦，性凉；归肺、肝、脾经。解表截疟，活血解毒。主治感冒发热，支气管炎，疟疾，胃肠炎，跌打损伤，痈疽疮肿，烫伤。《云南中草药选》载：“清热凉血，舒筋活血，消炎。治感冒，咽喉炎，肝炎、咯血，衄血，腰痛，跌打损伤，皮下瘀血。”
郁金：味辛、苦，性寒；归肝、心、肺经。行气化瘀，清心解郁，利胆退黄，活血止痛，行气解郁，清心凉血。用于经闭痛经，胸腹胀痛、刺痛，热病神昏，癫痫发狂，黄疸尿赤。《本草述》载：“治发热，郁，咳嗽，齿衄，咳嗽血，溲血，头痛眩晕，狂痫，滞下，并眼目鼻舌咽喉等证。”
鸭卵：味甘，性凉。滋阴，清肺。主治膈热，咳嗽，喉痛，齿痛，泄痢。《医林纂要》载：“补心清肺，止热嗽，治喉痛齿痛；百沸汤冲食，清肺火，解阳明结热。”
及己：味辛、性温，有毒；归肝经。舒筋活络，祛风止痛，消肿解毒。用于跌打损伤，风湿腰腿痛，疔疮肿毒，毒蛇咬伤。《浙江民间常用草药》载：“散瘀活血，抗菌消炎。治跌伤，扭伤，骨折，疖肿，经闭。”
薜荔根：味酸，性平。祛风利湿，活血解毒。主治风湿痹痛，泻痢，淋病，跌打损伤，痈肿疮疖。《湖南药物志》载：“清热解毒，祛湿利尿。治丝虫病，跌打损伤，腰痛，热痢，水泻，热淋，肚胀气坠。”
麦斛：味甘、淡，性凉；入肺、胃二经。滋阴清热，化痰止咳。用于肺燥咳嗽，肺结核咯血，热病烦渴，扁桃体炎。广州部队《常用中草药手册》载：“润肺化痰，滋阴养胃。治肺结核咳嗽，咯血，慢性气管炎咳嗽，肺炎恢复期，慢性咽痛，慢性胃炎，胃酸缺乏，食欲不振，遗精。”
草石蚕：味甘，性平；归肺、肝、脾经。解表清肺，利湿解毒，补虚健脾。主治风热感冒，虚劳咳嗽，黄疸，淋证，疮毒肿痛，毒蛇咬伤。《本草图经》载：“主走注风，散血止痛，其节亦堪单用，捣筛取末，酒温服之。”
黄桷皮：味苦、酸，性温。祛风通络，杀虫止痒。主治风湿痹证，四肢麻木，半身不遂，癣疮。《草木便方》载：“祛风，除湿，消肿满。治四肢顽痹，麻木不仁，半身不遂。”
饴糖：味甘，性温；入脾、胃、肺经。缓中补虚，生津润燥。主治劳倦伤脾，里急腹痛，肺燥咳嗽，吐血，口渴，咽痛，便秘。《本草汇言》载：“治中焦营气暴伤，眩晕，消渴，消中，怔忡烦乱。”
夜交藤：味甘、微苦；入心、肝经。养心安神，通络祛风。主治失眠，劳伤，多汗，血虚身痛，痈疽，瘰疬，风疮疥癣。《陕西中草药》载：“祛风湿，通经络。治头眠，多汗，贫血，周身酸痛，疥癣等皮肤病。”
玉竹：味甘，性平、微寒；归肺、胃经。滋阴润肺，生津止渴。主治燥咳，劳嗽，热病阴液耗伤之咽干口渴，内热消渴，阴虚外感，头昏眩晕，筋脉挛痛。《本经》载：“主中风暴热，不能动摇，跌筋结肉，诸不足。久服去面黑野，好颜色，润泽，轻身不老。”现代医学研究证实，该品具有促进实验动物抗体生成，提高巨噬细胞的吞噬百分数和吞噬指数的作用，并能够促进干扰素合成，抑制结核杆菌生长，降血糖，降血脂，缓解动脉粥样斑块形成，使外周血管和冠脉扩张，延长耐缺氧时间，具有强心、抗氧化、抗衰老等作用。
珍珠母：味咸，性寒；归肝、心经。平肝潜阳，定惊明目，定惊止血。主治头痛眩晕，烦躁失眠，肝热目赤，肝虚目昏，耳鸣，心悸，癫狂，惊痫，吐血，衄血，妇女血崩。《中国医学大辞典》载：“滋肝阴，清肝火。治癫狂惊痫，头眩，耳鸣，心跳，胸腹膜胀，妇女血热，血崩，小儿惊搐发痉。”
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
本发明药物具有清热解毒、醒脑开窍、补气固表、养血安神之功效，对治疗脑血栓引起的眩晕、恶心、呕吐、复视、交叉性运动及感觉障碍、构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水发呛等症状具有显著的疗效，选取的药材原料易得，服用方便，疗程短、见效快，治愈后不复发，长期服用对肝肾无任何损害，值得临床广泛推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
蔓荆子71g 瓜螺68g 岗梅根60g 浮萍56g
岩椒草55g 郁金53g 鸭卵53g 及己47g
薜荔根47g 麦斛43g 草石蚕42g 黄桷皮36g
饴糖34g 夜交藤31g 玉竹23g 珍珠母20g。
一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物的制备方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
（1）将蔓荆子、岗梅根、麦斛和草石蚕洗净，浸入10倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡3～4小时，加热回流提取2～3小时，回收乙醇，滤过，将滤液浓缩为60℃环境下相对密度1.20～1.25的稠膏，备用；
（2）将瓜螺、浮萍、郁金、薜荔根、黄桷皮、夜交藤和玉竹洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，备用；
（3）将岩椒草、及己和珍珠母去杂质混合均匀后，烘干，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
（4）将鸭卵敲碎外壳，将蛋清和蛋黄分离，留蛋清备用；
（5）取饴糖置于容器内，加入白开水冲开，得溶液备用；
（6）将上述步骤（1）～（5）所制得的稠膏、滤液、细粉、蛋清以及溶液混合，利用现代先进的制药科技，制成药丸，即得本发明所述的用于治疗脑血栓的药物。
用法用量：口服即可，每日3次，每次1粒（每粒15g）；10天为1个疗程，2～4个疗程即可痊愈，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增。
实施例2
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
蔓荆子66g 瓜螺63g 岗梅根55g 浮萍51g
岩椒草50g 郁金48g 鸭卵46g 及己42g
薜荔根41g 麦斛38g 草石蚕37g 黄桷皮31g
饴糖29g 夜交藤26g 玉竹18g 珍珠母16g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
蔓荆子62g 瓜螺56g 岗梅根51g 浮萍47g
岩椒草46g 郁金44g 鸭卵42g 及己38g
薜荔根37g 麦斛33g 草石蚕32g 黄桷皮27g
饴糖25g 夜交藤22g 玉竹16g 珍珠母14g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
蔓荆子58g 瓜螺55g 岗梅根47g 浮萍43g
岩椒草42g 郁金40g 鸭卵38g 及己34g
薜荔根33g 麦斛28g 草石蚕27g 黄桷皮23g
饴糖21g 夜交藤18g 玉竹14g 珍珠母12g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
实施例5
本发明药物有效成分的原料组成及重量为：
蔓荆子53g 瓜螺50g 岗梅根42g 浮萍38g
岩椒草37g 郁金35g 鸭卵33g 及己29g
薜荔根28g 麦斛23g 草石蚕22g 黄桷皮18g
饴糖16g 夜交藤13g 玉竹10g 珍珠母8g。
本实施例的药物制备方法工艺步骤及用法用量与实施例1相同。
临床资料：
1、病例选择：
作为用于治疗脑血栓的药物，选择确诊的脑血栓患者160例临床观察，病人随机分成治疗组和对照组两组，治疗组80例，其中男性42例，女性38例，年龄50～78岁，平均年龄64岁，病程1～8年；对照组80例，其中男性41例，女性39例，年龄45～77岁，平均年龄61岁，病程1～7年；
治疗组和对照组两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致，无显著差异，具有可比性。
2、药物选择：
治疗组服用本发明药物，口服，每日3次，每次1粒（每粒15g）；10天为1个疗程，连续服用2～4个疗程，病情严重者遵医嘱酌增。
对照组服用己酮可可碱注射液，静脉滴注。用时患者应处于平卧位。初次剂量为己酮可可碱0.1g，于2～3小时内输入，最大滴速不可超过每小时0.1g.根据患者耐受性可每次增加0.05g，但每次用药量不可超过0.2g，每日1～2次。每日最大剂量不应超过0.4g。
3、疗效判定：
（1）治愈：脑血栓引起的眩晕、恶心、呕吐、复视、交叉性运动及感觉障碍、构音障碍、吞咽困难、饮水发呛等症状消失，身体各部分机能恢复正常。
（2）有效：上述症状明显减轻，身体各部分机能有所恢复。
（3）无效：症状及特征均无改善或加重。
4、结果：
以上结果显示，治疗组的治愈率和总有效率明显高于对照组。
典型病例举例：
1、唐某，女，55岁，山西运城人。患者右上、下肢瘫痪，伴眩晕、呕吐、小便失禁三天。住院查体BP180/110mmHg，神志清，头颅CT检查显示脑血管堵塞。对症治疗进行静脉注射，同时服用本发明药物，服用1个疗程后，病人头痛、眩晕、呕吐消除，右上下肢肌力恢复至II级，服用2个疗程后，病人肌力恢复正常，复查BP150/90mmHg，头颅CT、心电图、血常规、肝肾功能、血脂血糖、血流变均恢复正常，痊愈出院，回家继续服用本发明药物巩固治疗1个疗程后，回访无复发。
2、邵某，男，63岁，辽宁本溪人。患者右上、下肢活动不灵，入院时查体BP170/110mmHg，神志清，心肺腹无异常，左上下肢肌力II级，头颅CT示右基底节区出现脑血栓。服用本发明药物，服用1个疗程后，复查头颅CT、心电图、血常规、肝肾功能、血脂血糖、血流变均正常，上下肢肌力基本恢复，服用2个疗程后痊愈，上下肢肌力恢复正常，活动自如。
3、戴某，女，68岁，吉林四平人。患者脑血栓入院，查体BP150/90mmHg，两眼视线模糊，思维稍迟钝，CT检查颅顶、枕部阴影，心电图、血常规、肝肾功能、血脂血糖均正常，住院后给予本发明药物，服用4个疗程后，症状消失，复查头颅CT、心电图、血常规、肝肾功能、血脂血糖、均正常，健康出院。
4、熊某，男，71岁，江苏扬州人。患者晨起时感觉上下肢活动不灵，伴饮水呛咳。来院检查，查体BP160/90mmHg，心肺腹无异常，头颅CT示左脑梗塞，心电图示慢冠，血常规、肝肾功能正常，空腹血糖8.7mmol，胆固醇6.9mmol，甘油三酯3.1mmol。住院后服用本发明药物，服用1个疗程后，病人饮水饮食无呛咳，四肢活动正常，服用2个疗程后，复查头颅CT、心电图、血常规、肝肾功能、血脂血糖均恢复正常，痊愈出院，一年后随访无复发。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子49～75份 瓜螺46～64份 岗梅根38～64份 浮萍33～60份
岩椒草33～59份 郁金31～58份 鸭卵29～58份 及己25～52份
薜荔根23～51份 麦斛19～48份 草石蚕17～47份 黄桷皮13～41份
饴糖12～38份 夜交藤9～35份 玉竹6～27份 珍珠母4～23份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子53～71份 瓜螺50～68份 岗梅根42～60份 浮萍38～56份
岩椒草37～55份 郁金35～53份 鸭卵33～53份 及己29～47份
薜荔根28～47份 麦斛23～43份 草石蚕22～42份 黄桷皮18～36份
饴糖16～34份 夜交藤13～31份 玉竹10～23份 珍珠母8～20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子58～66份 瓜螺55～63份 岗梅根47～55份 浮萍43～51份
岩椒草42～50份 郁金40～48份 鸭卵38～46份 及己34～42份
薜荔根33～41份 麦斛28～38份 草石蚕27～37份 黄桷皮23～31份
饴糖21～29份 夜交藤18～26份 玉竹14～18份 珍珠母12～16份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗脑血栓的药物，其特征在于：制成所述药物有效成分的原料组成及重量份数为：
蔓荆子62份 瓜螺56份 岗梅根51份 浮萍47份
岩椒草46份 郁金44份 鸭卵42份 及己38份
薜荔根37份 麦斛33份 草石蚕32份 黄桷皮27份
饴糖25份 夜交藤22份 玉竹16份 珍珠母14份。
5.一种如权利要求1～4任一项所述用于治疗脑血栓的药物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下工艺步骤：
（1）将蔓荆子、岗梅根、麦斛和草石蚕洗净，浸入10倍量的80%的乙醇溶液浸泡3～4小时，加热回流提取2～3小时，回收乙醇，滤过，将滤液浓缩为60℃环境下相对密度1.20～1.25的稠膏，备用；
（2）将瓜螺、浮萍、郁金、薜荔根、黄桷皮、夜交藤和玉竹洗净，放入容器内，加入8～10倍量的蒸馏水，浸泡5～6小时后，煮沸3～4小时，提取；再次加入6～8倍量蒸馏水，煮沸2～3小时，提取；最后，加入4～6倍量蒸馏水，加热煮沸1～2小时，提取；合并三次提取液，过滤，得滤液，备用；
（3）将岩椒草、及己和珍珠母去杂质混合均匀后，烘干，进行粉碎处理，研末，过200目细粉，备用；
（4）将鸭卵敲碎外壳，将蛋清和蛋黄分离，留蛋清备用；
（5）取饴糖置于容器内，加入白开水冲开，得溶液备用；
（6）将上述步骤（1）～（5）所制得的稠膏、滤液、细粉、蛋清以及溶液混合，制成药丸，即得本发明所述的用于治疗脑血栓的药物。
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