CN103735970A - 麻龙止咳颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
麻龙止咳颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103735970A CN103735970A CN201410040365.7A CN201410040365A CN103735970A CN 103735970 A CN103735970 A CN 103735970A CN 201410040365 A CN201410040365 A CN 201410040365A CN 103735970 A CN103735970 A CN 103735970A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种麻龙止咳颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:麻龙止咳提取膏粉1份,填充剂1份~100份,增稠剂0.2份~15份,粘合剂,0.3份~10份,矫味剂0.1份~8份,所述的增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素K4M、羧甲纤维素钠或聚维酮K30。该颗粒在水中溶解迅速、形成澄清透明口感好的溶液,便于服用,生物利用度高,其制备方法简单,不需任何特殊设备,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种小儿麻龙止咳颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
上感后久咳,是指上呼吸道感染后继发的咳嗽,症状顽固,迁延不愈,多表现为阵发性咳嗽,以夜间为甚,受冷风及刺激性气味后易发作,痰少不易咳出。
外感咳嗽,即有外感的各种致病因子侵袭,亦有本身体质肺卫不固,痰浊,宿根、过敏等内在因素。一些病人,尤其是儿童常患夜间咳嗽,极多是哮喘病,但患者日间并无哮喘症状,故不易为医生查出,若当以哮喘治疗大多立见功效。
麻龙止咳颗粒即能止咳化痰,又可平喘抗过敏正是这类病症之克星,八味协同有喘则平喘,无喘则治咳,便显本方之特点。止嗽散原本就是止咳良方,前人盛赞其“有祛痰、疏肺、止咳理想之功,无开门揖盗留邪之弊。”对外感咳嗽效果最佳,最为理想、方便、有效、价廉。凡寒热偏向不剧者可以止嗽散为基本方。功能:清肺化痰,疏散风寒,降气止咳。主治:用于素有痰热,复感风寒,郁而化热,痰热互结,肺失宣肃,气机上逆而致的反复咳嗽,夜间尤甚,痰粘难咯,鼻塞流涕等,过敏性咳嗽见上述症状者。
现代药理研究结果:麻黄中的低浓度麻黄碱或伪麻黄碱均能引起支气管扩张,对收缩状态支气管的扩张作用更为显著,能够缓解由组织胺或乙酰胆碱所致犬呼吸道阻力增加;麻黄碱具有中枢性镇咳作用,对支气管平滑肌有松弛作用,故能平喘。广地龙90%醇提浸膏有显著的舒张支气管作用,地龙中含有的次黄嘌呤、琥珀酸能舒张支气管,并对抗组胺和匹罗卡品、毛果芸香碱引起的支气管收缩,使其流出量增加2~3倍以上;从地龙提出的多种氨基酸,经豚鼠组织胺喷雾试验证明也有平喘解痉作用。苦杏仁、桃仁在体内分解产生的微量氢氰酸,不致引起中毒,而呈镇静呼吸中枢的作用。前胡能明显增加呼吸道分泌物的量,说明有去痰作用,且作用时间长。连翘可能具有抗过敏作用,致敏豚鼠肺切片在抗原刺激下过敏介质的释放可因连翘乙醇提液1×10-3g/ml而明显减少。生半夏,姜半夏,姜浸半夏和明矾半夏的煎剂0.6-1g/kg灌胃或静脉注射,对猫碘液注入胸腔或电刺激喉上神经所致之咳嗽有明显的镇咳作用,可维持5小时以上。明矾制水半夏的混合液亦有明显止咳作用,效应略强于生品和老法制品。半夏和水半夏的生品和新、老法制品的醇浸膏,给小鼠灌胃,用酚红法测得半夏和水半夏的新、老法制品有明显祛痰作用。枇杷叶所含成分苦杏仁甙,在消化道内,可逐渐分解产生微量氢氰酸,但不至于引起机体中毒,而呈现一定的镇咳作用;本品煎剂及乙酸乙酯提取物有祛痰,平喘作用,其油脂质也有轻度祛痰作用。桑白皮有轻度镇咳作用。0.46mmol/L浓度的甘草酸能抑制组织胺释放剂—化合物48/80引起的肥大细胞脱颗粒,从而阻止了过敏介质的释放;甘草还能促进咽喉及支气管的分泌,使痰液容易咳出,呈现祛痰镇咳作用。
中国热带医学2002年第2卷增刊报道了麻龙止咳汤治外感咳嗽84例疗效观察-即麻龙止咳为自拟方,由麻黄、地龙、甘草、陈皮、百部、紫苑、桔梗、白前共8味药物组成基本方,主治各种外感咳嗽。通过84例临床治疗观察,显效52例,有效21例,无效11例,总有效率86.9%。具有方便、价廉、有效、老少皆宜的特点。
外感咳嗽是因外感风邪为主和内伤等多种病因所致。1999年10月至2000年10月,自拟麻龙止咳方,在门诊通过料例临床治疗观察,显效52例,有效21例,无效1例,总有效率86.90%。本方具有方便、有效、老少皆宜的特点,适应社会区群众医疗需要。
但目前并未见有麻龙止咳制剂的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种溶解度好、口感好、成本低的小儿麻龙止咳颗粒。
本发明还提供了一种工序简单、质量可控且适于工业化生产的麻龙止咳颗粒的制备方法。
一种麻龙止咳颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:
所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉是由生麻黄、地龙、苦杏仁、桃仁、前胡、百部、连翘、清半夏、枇杷叶、桑白皮、生石膏、甘草等十二味药材提取,干燥而得;
所述的增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素K4M、羧甲纤维素钠或聚维酮K30。
本发明中,将麻龙止咳的各味药材先进行提取,得到的提取膏粉与合适的辅料进行搭配,尤其是通过选择特定的增稠剂,得到的麻龙止咳颗粒的溶解度和口感好,便于作为儿童药服用;同时装量差异小和粒度小,流动性好,便于进行分装,符合颗粒剂的规定。
其中,各药材的重量份如下:生麻黄1~3重量份、地龙1.3~4.5重量份、苦杏仁1.5~4.5重量份、桃仁1.5~4.5重量份、前胡1.5~4.5重量份、百部1.5~4.5重量份、连翘1.5~4.5重量份、清半夏2~4重量份、枇杷叶2~4重量份、桑白皮1.5~4.5重量份、生石膏6~7.5重量份、甘草1~3重量份。
作为优选,所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,由如下重量份的原料制成:
作为优选,所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉的提取方法如下:
(1)将生麻黄1~3重量份、苦杏仁1.5~4.5重量份、桃仁1.5~4.5重量份、前胡1.5~4.5重量份、百部1.5~4.5重量份、连翘1.5~4.5重量份,加药材重量6~12倍量的水煮沸后,于60~80℃,温浸2~3次,每次2~3小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(2)将地龙1.3~4.5重量份、清半夏2~4重量份、枇杷叶2~4重量份、桑白皮1.5~4.5重量份、生石膏6~7.5重量份、甘草1~3重量份,加药材重量6~12倍量的水煮沸后,于50~70℃,温浸2~3次,每次2~3小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(3)将(1)和(2)提取液合并,静置,滤过,滤液低压浓缩,备用;
(4)将(3)所得浓缩液喷雾干燥,制得所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉。
其中,所述的低压浓缩条件为:真空度0.01MPa~0.08MPa,温度为55℃~70℃;所述的喷雾干燥是在进风温度120~180℃,出风温度90~130℃的条件下喷雾干燥,制得提取物药粉。
作为优选,所述的填充剂为乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、果糖、糊精、环拉酸钠中的任意一种。
作为优选,所述的粘合剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉浆、甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、乙醇水溶液中的至少一种。作为进一步的优选,所述的淀粉浆的质量浓度优选为1%~3%;所述的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素或者聚乙二醇溶解于乙醇水溶液中,质量浓度为2%~3%,所述的乙醇水溶液的体积百分浓度为40%~95%。
作为更进一步的优选,所述的增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素K4M,所述的粘合剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚乙二醇;或者,
所述的增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,所述的粘合剂为乙醇水溶液。此时,更加便于制粒,得到的颗粒流动性好,粒度更小,装量差异更小。其中,当所述的增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素钠时,所述的粘合剂用乙醇水溶液即可,原因可能在于,所述的羧甲基纤维素钠也能够部分充当粘合剂的作用。
作为优选,所述的矫味剂选用阿斯巴坦、甜菊苷等本领域常用的药用香精中的任意一种。
作为优选,所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉、填充剂或增稠剂的颗粒粒径均小于等于80目。
本发明还提供了一种所述的麻龙止咳颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将麻龙止咳干膏、增稠剂、矫味剂混合均匀得到混合物,将填充剂分2次加入上述混合物,每次加入量为填充剂总重量的1/2,每次加入填充剂后均需混合混匀,然后加入粘合剂制成软材,经制粒后在50℃~90℃干燥,整粒,即得到麻龙止咳颗粒。
作为优选,所述的干燥的温度为60℃~80℃。
作为优选,所述的干燥的时间为2小时~4小时。
本发明所采用的原药材具体描述如下:
生麻黄:辛、微苦、温,归肺、膀胱经,有疏散风寒、开宣肺气之功,为治疗肺气壅闭咳喘之要药。
地龙:咸、寒,归肝、脾、膀胱经,有清热通络,解痉平喘之效。二药合用,清热宣肺,疏散风寒,降逆止呕。
苦杏仁:苦、微温,归肺、大肠经,降气止咳平喘。
百部:辛、苦、微温,归肺经,润肺下气止咳。
枇杷叶:苦、微寒,归肺、胃经,清肺止咳,降逆止呕。
清半夏:辛,温,归脾、胃、肺经,燥湿化痰,降逆止呕。四药合用,功在降气消痰止咳,对于新久咳嗽均有良效,共为臣药。
生石膏:甘、辛、大寒,归肺、胃经,清热泻火;
连翘:苦、微寒,归肺、心、小肠经,清热解毒,疏散风热;
桑白皮:甘、寒,归肺经,清泻肺热、降气平喘;
前胡:辛、苦、微寒,归肺经,降气化痰,散风清热。四药均属寒凉之品,既助地龙清泻肺热,又能助麻黄疏表,佐其温热之性,同为臣药、佐药。
桃仁:苦、甘、平,归心、肝、大肠经,活血祛瘀,润肠通便,止咳平喘,除加强臣药杏仁的止咳平喘之效外,其活瘀作用还有利于防治肺失宣降、气机不利产生的血瘀之象;
生甘草:甘、平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,有清热解毒,祛痰止咳,调和诸药之功效。两药同为佐使之品。
同现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:本发明得到的麻龙止咳颗粒该颗粒在水中溶解迅速、形成澄清透明口感好的溶液,便于服用,生物利用度高,并且其制备方法简单,不需任何特殊设备,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将生麻黄300g、苦杏仁500g、桃仁500g、前胡500g、百部500g、连翘500g,加药材重量6倍量的水煮沸后,于60℃,温浸3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(2)将地龙400g、清半夏600g、枇杷叶600g、桑白皮500g、生石膏1800g、甘草300g,加药材重量6倍量的水煮沸后,于50℃,温浸3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(3)将(1)和(2)提取液合并,静置,滤过,滤液低压浓缩(真空度0.05MPa,温度为55℃,浓缩液相对密度为1.125),备用;
(4)将(3)所得浓缩液喷雾干燥(在进风温度120℃,出风温度90℃的条件下),制得麻龙止咳提取物药粉486g。
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉、羟丙甲纤维素K4M分别过80目筛,蔗糖粉碎后过80筛,备用。
称取以下处方量的原料:
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉486g、羟丙甲纤维素K4M98g、甜菊苷50g混合均匀得到混合物,将蔗糖分2次加入上述混合物,每次加入量为蔗糖7290g,每次加入蔗糖后均需混合混匀,然后加入1%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮50%乙醇水溶液243g制成软材(其中,1%制得是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量浓度,50%乙醇水指的溶剂的体积比为1:1),经制粒后在60℃~80℃干燥,干燥2小时,整粒,分装即得到麻龙止咳颗粒
实施例2
(1)将生麻黄360g、苦杏仁530g、桃仁530g、前胡530g、百部530g、连翘530g,加药材重量8倍量的水煮沸后,于65℃,温浸3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(2)将地龙430g、清半夏610g、枇杷叶610g、桑白皮530g、生石膏1820g、甘草360g,加药材重量8倍量的水煮沸后,于60℃,温浸3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(3)将(1)和(2)提取液合并,静置,滤过,滤液低压浓缩(真空度0.04MPa,温度为55℃,浓缩液相对密度为1.15),备用;
(4)将(3)所得浓缩液喷雾干燥(在进风温度165℃,出风温度120℃的条件下),制得麻龙止咳提取物药粉492g。
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉、羟丙甲纤维素K4M分别过80目筛,蔗糖粉碎后过80筛,备用。
称取以下处方量的原料:
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉492g、羟丙甲纤维素K4M102g、荔枝香精56g混合均匀得到混合物,将乳糖分2次加入上述混合物,每次加入量为乳糖7740g,每次加入乳糖后均需混合混匀,然后加入2%聚乙二醇的50%乙醇水溶液溶液252g制成软材,经制粒后在75℃干燥,干燥3.5小时,整粒,分装即得到麻龙止咳颗粒。
实施例3
(1)将生麻黄400g、苦杏仁560g、桃仁560g、前胡560g、百部560g、连翘560g,加药材重量6~12倍量的水煮沸后,于70℃,温浸3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(2)将地龙450g、清半夏620g、枇杷叶620g、桑白皮560g、生石膏1840g、甘草400g,加药材重量10倍量的水煮沸后,于60℃,温浸2次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(3)将(1)和(2)提取液合并,静置,滤过,滤液低压浓缩(真空度0.06MPa,温度为60℃,浓缩液相对密度为1.12),备用;
(4)将(3)所得浓缩液喷雾干燥(在进风温度160℃,出风温度120℃的条件下),制得麻龙止咳提取物药粉512g。
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉、羧甲纤维素钠分别过80目筛,葡萄糖粉碎后过80筛,备用。
称取以下处方量的原料:
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉512g、羧甲纤维素钠112g、阿斯巴坦62g混合均匀得到混合物,将葡萄糖分2次加入上述混合物,每次加入量为葡萄糖7760g,每次加入葡萄糖后均需混合混匀,然后加入50%的乙醇水溶液260g制成软材,经制粒后在60℃~80℃干燥,干燥3小时,整粒,分装即得到麻龙止咳颗粒。
实施例4
(1)将生麻黄420g、苦杏仁580g、桃仁580g、前胡580g、百部580g、连翘580g,加药材重量6~12倍量的水煮沸后,于80℃,温浸3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(2)将地龙470g、清半夏640g、枇杷叶640g、桑白皮580g、生石膏1850g、甘草420g,加药材重量12倍量的水煮沸后,于70℃,温浸2~3次,每次2小时,合并温浸液备用,药渣弃去,备用;
(3)将(1)和(2)提取液合并,静置,滤过,滤液低压浓缩(真空度0.05MPa,温度为60℃,浓缩液相对密度为1.10),备用;
(4)将(3)所得浓缩液喷雾干燥(在进风温度170℃,出风温度100℃的条件下),制得麻龙止咳提取物药粉540g。
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉、羟丙基纤维素钠K4M分别过80目筛,葡萄糖粉碎后过80筛,备用。
称取以下处方量的原料:
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉540g、羟丙基纤维素钠K4M120g、阿斯巴坦72g混合均匀得到混合物,将葡萄糖分2次加入上述混合物,每次加入量为葡萄糖7780g,每次加入葡萄糖后均需混合混匀,然后加入1%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮50%乙醇水溶液268g制成软材,经制粒后在80℃干燥,干燥4小时,整粒,分装即得到麻龙止咳颗粒。
对比例1
除了处方中未加羟丙甲纤维素K4M,其余的操作同实施例1。
对比例2
除了处方中未加羧甲纤维素钠,其余的操作同实施例3。
对比例3
除了处方中羟丙甲纤维素K4M换成乙基羟乙基纤维素,其余的操作同实施例1。
对比例4
除了制粒方法采用干法制粒(滚压法),其余的操作同实施例1。
将实施例1~4及对比例1~4分别制得的麻龙止咳颗粒按中国药典2005年版二部附I制剂通则IN进行质量检验,具体检验结果如表1所示:
表1
由表1的结果可知,采用本发明的处方和制备方法,得到的麻龙止咳颗粒流动性和口感好,并且含量高,溶解性好,便于吸收。
Claims (10)
1.一种麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,由如下重量份的原料制成:
所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉是由生麻黄、地龙、苦杏仁、桃仁、前胡、百部、连翘、清半夏、枇杷叶、桑白皮、生石膏、甘草的十二味药材提取,干燥而得;
所述的增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素K4M、羧甲纤维素钠或聚维酮K30。
2.根据权利要求1所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉的制备方法如下:
(1)将生麻黄、苦杏仁、桃仁、前胡、百部、连翘,加药材重量6~12倍量的水煮沸后,于60~80℃,温浸2~3次,每次2~3小时,合并温浸液得到提取液A;
(2)将地龙、清半夏、枇杷叶、桑白皮、生石膏、甘草,加药材重量6~12倍量的水煮沸后,于50~70℃,温浸2~3次,每次2~3小时,合并温浸液得到提取液B;
(3)将提取液A和提取液B合并,静置,滤过,滤液低压浓缩得到浓缩液;
(4)将步骤(3)所得浓缩液喷雾干燥,制得所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述的填充剂为乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、果糖、糊精、环拉酸钠中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述的粘合剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉浆、甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、乙醇水溶液中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述的矫味剂为阿斯巴坦或甜菊苷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述的增稠剂为羟丙甲纤维素K4M,所述的粘合剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚乙二醇;或者,
所述的增稠剂为羧甲基纤维素钠,所述的粘合剂为乙醇水溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的麻龙止咳颗粒,其特征在于,所述的麻龙止咳提取膏粉、填充剂或增稠剂的颗粒粒径均小于等于80目。
8.一种权利要求1~7任一项所述的麻龙止咳颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将麻龙止咳提取膏粉、增稠剂、矫味剂混合均匀得到混合物,将填充剂分2次加入上述混合物中混合混匀,然后加入粘合剂制成软材,软材经制粒后在50℃~90℃干燥、整粒,得到所述的麻龙止咳颗粒。
9.根据权利要求8所述的麻龙止咳颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的干燥的温度为60℃~80℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的麻龙止咳颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的干燥的时间为2小时~4小时。
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