CN103733279B - 用于喷射阀的衔铁 - Google Patents

用于喷射阀的衔铁 Download PDF

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CN103733279B
CN103733279B CN201280037333.0A CN201280037333A CN103733279B CN 103733279 B CN103733279 B CN 103733279B CN 201280037333 A CN201280037333 A CN 201280037333A CN 103733279 B CN103733279 B CN 103733279B
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CN103733279A (zh
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M·舒马赫
A·布格哈特
J·拉赫尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/128—Encapsulating, encasing or sealing
    • H01F7/129—Encapsulating, encasing or sealing of armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F02D19/084—Blends of gasoline and alcohols, e.g. E85
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/08—Fuel-injection apparatus having special means for influencing magnetic flux, e.g. for shielding or guiding magnetic flux
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
    • F02M2200/8046—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly the manufacture involving injection moulding, e.g. of plastic or metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/95—Fuel injection apparatus operating on particular fuels, e.g. biodiesel, ethanol, mixed fuels
    • F02M2200/956—Ethanol
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于喷射阀的衔铁，包括：至少一个磁性区域(3)及至少一个非磁性区域(4)，其中衔铁(2)被构成一体的构件，其中磁性的及非磁性的区域(3,4)借助双组分粉末压铸方法相互材料锁合地连接，及其中磁性区域(3)被非磁性区域(4)完全地包封。

Description

用于喷射阀的衔铁
技术领域
本发明涉及用于燃料喷射阀的衔铁。
背景技术
现有技术的燃料喷射阀、如用在汽油发动机的喷射装置中的燃料喷射阀例如被构成具有线圈及衔铁的电磁开关阀，该衔铁由铁氧体的磁性材料构成并善于一个非磁性的表面层、例如由铬作的表面层。由此在工作中磁场的建立及消失时将取决于结构类型地导致涡流损耗并因此导致燃料喷射阀的开关时间或动态性能的降低。此外衔铁制造其成本很高及费事。此外耐侵蚀介质–如渐多地包含在燃料中的乙醇或尿素–的能力不足以保证：即使在燃料质量强波动的地区也具有满意的喷射阀的耐久性。此外今后需保证法规–尤其在对健康有害的物质的使用方面–的遵守。
发明内容
相比之下根据本发明的衔铁具有其优点，即该衔铁具有一个涡流减小及效率增高的磁回路，该磁回路可实现高的动态性能与短的阀开关时间。此外通过合适材料的使用可作到坚固性或耐磨损性能的改善及对侵蚀介质、如乙醇等的防护。根据本发明这是如此来达到的：衔铁包括至少一个磁性区域及至少一个非磁性区域。这里衔铁被构成一体的粉末压铸构件及其中磁性的及非磁性的区域借助双组分粉末压铸方法相互材料锁合地连接，其中磁性区域被非磁性区域完全地包封。由此可用简单的方式在单一的工序步骤中时间及成本优化地实现作为双组分粉末压铸构件的一体化衔铁的制造。在此情况下双组分粉末压铸方法包括一个陶瓷压铸步骤(Ceramic Injection Molding：CIM)和/或一个金属粉末压铸步骤(Metal Injection Molding：MIM)。
具体实施例给出了本发明的优选的进一步构型。
衔铁最好被构成具有一个透孔的环形及非磁性区域包括一个第一轴向端部区段，一个第二轴向端部区段，一个内圆周区段及一个外圆周区段，这些区段具有高的耐侵蚀介质的能力或对全世界所使用的燃料的耐久性。
此外优选的是向着内极的第一端部区段及外圆周区段具有比第二端部区段的厚度及内圆周区段的厚度小的厚度。由于该小厚度在磁性区域中可达到高的有效饱和电感，这可产生磁力的提高。
此外优选的是第一端部区段的厚度与外圆周区段的厚度相等。由此可达到对当外圆周区段在阀套筒上相对摩擦运动时出现的摩擦的耐磨损性。此外由此可实现一个具有整个燃料喷射阀小结构体积的特别紧凑的结构形式。变换地第一及第二轴向端部区段及内与外圆周区段也可被作成具有相同的厚度。
最好内圆周区段具有最大的厚度。由此可实现当阀针在内圆周区段上导行时抗摩擦的高抗磨损性，变换地第二端部区段也可被作成具有最大的厚度，因为这专用在较小的直径上与磁性的关系也不大。此外在此情况下可提高合适材料的份额，由此可达到总成本的降低。
此外优选的是衔铁在第一和/或第二衔铁端部上构成一个止挡。由此在非磁性区域上由成本上有利的材料提供了具有高耐磨损强度的止挡面。因此就保证了当止挡在内极上时第一端部区段抗冲击负荷的高坚固性。此外对传统的镀层方法、如镀硬铬提供了一个有利的替换并由此有效地抑制了阀针粘附在磁性区域上的危险。
磁性区域最好由具有高饱和电感的磁性材料构成。由此允许在衔铁的重要的磁力线区域中有针对性地使用贵的且难于切削的磁性材料，例如FeCo或FeCrCo，这些磁性材料对衔铁的磁力具有重大的贡献。此外通过磁性材料、如具有至少13％的Cr成分的FeCrCo或变换地具有至少35％的Co成分的FeCo的使用，可达到对具有附加物质如乙醇或尿素的燃料增高的耐用性。此外优选的是非磁性区域由陶瓷材料或硬金属构成。通过非磁性区域的保护功能这里在使用含铬材料如FeCrCo的情况下可防止可能的Cr碳化物的形成，该碳化物对衔铁的磁值或磁路的泄漏原因负有责任。在此情况下衔铁可作为一体的双组分粉末压铸构件成本上非常有利地制造。
非磁性区域最好由耐燃料的材料构成。此外优选的是非磁性区域由耐磨损的材料构成。由于耐燃料和/或耐磨损的材料的使用可达到燃料喷射阀耐久性的改善。
最好磁性区域具有衔铁总重量的85至95％的重量及非磁性区域具有衔铁总重量的5至15％的重量。由此除成本明显降低外由于可达到的质量减轻及小的涡流损耗使燃料喷射阀所需的动态性能得到显著的改善。
附图说明
以下将参照附图来详细描述本发明的实施例。附图中表示：
图1：具有根据本发明的第一优选实施例的衔铁的一个燃料喷射阀的放大的概要截面图，及
图2：具有根据本发明的第二优选实施例的衔铁的一个燃料喷射阀的放大的概要截面图。
具体实施形式
以下将参照图1及2详细地描述一个衔铁2的优选实施例。在这些实施例中相同的或功能上相同的构件用相同的标号指示。
图1表示具有一个阀套筒9的燃料喷射阀1的一部分的概要截面图，在该阀套筒的外侧固定着一个带有设置在其中的线圈11的壳体12，在阀套筒9的内部沿中心轴线X-X设有一个内极10及一个第一实施例的衔铁2。该衔铁2包括一个沿中心轴线X-X延伸的圆柱形磁性区域3，该区域被一个非磁性区域4完全地包围。该一体的及被构成环形的衔铁2(与内极10一样)具有一个透孔6，在该透孔中引导一个这里未示出的阀针。磁性区域3最好由具有较高饱和电感且较小电导率的磁性材料，例如FeCo构成。非磁性区域4最好由陶瓷材料或硬金属构成。磁性及非磁性区域3，4借助双组分粉末压铸方法相互材料锁合地连接。
如由图1还可看到的，非磁性区域4具有一个厚度为D1的第一轴向端部区段7，一个厚度为D3的第二轴向端部区段8，一个厚度为D4的内圆周区段60及一个厚度为D2的外圆周区段41。这里第一端部区段7构成内极10上的一个止挡。有效磁力线的分布示范地通过一个磁力线M来表明，该磁力线经过阀套筒9及外圆周区段41进入衔铁2的磁性区域3并由该磁性区域经过第一端部区段7向着内极10的方向继续延伸。
这里向着内极10的第一端部区段7的厚度D1及外圆周区段41的厚度D2最好其尺寸定得小于第二端部区段8的厚度D3及内圆周区段60的厚度D4。由于被有效磁力线M穿过的第一端部区段7及外圆周区段41的小厚度D1，D2，就达到了磁性区域3中有效饱和电感的改善，这将导致磁力的增高。在此情况下厚度D1及D2可取相同或不同的尺寸。
因此提供了一种具有降低了涡流损耗及提高了磁效率的、作为双组分粉末压铸构件的一体化的及可成本上有利地制造的衔铁2，其中非磁性区域4的形式的硬包封层将防护以免与燃料接触。此外同时地在第一和/或第二端部区段7或8上实现了一个免于与磁性区域3接触的、坚固的且耐磨损的衔铁止挡。另外透孔6的内圆周区段60可起到用于在衔铁2中引导阀针的耐磨损层的作用。因而由此达到了燃料喷射阀的特别长的耐久性，这也就允许在更困难条件下毫无问题地使用。
与上面所述的第一实施例不同地在图2的第二实施例的衔铁2上内圆周区段60具有一个厚度D4，该厚度大于第一端部区段7、外圆周区段41或第二端部区段8的厚度D1，D2，D3。由此可由成本上有利的及轻的非磁性材料来制造衔铁的大部分而不会对磁性区域中有效的磁力线分布产生副面影响。因而达到了磁性区域3的进一步减小及由此达到衔铁2的重量及总成本的进一步减小。衔铁2的磁性及非磁性的区域3，4可如同第一实施例那样借助双组分粉末压铸方法相互材料锁合地连接。
如在所有实施例中所指出的，对于根据本发明的衔铁2由此可作为双组分粉末压铸构件在单个制造工序中被制造成一体的衔铁2，这用传统的制造方法是不能达到的。由此除明显改善的成本效益外尤其使对于高压喷射阀所期望的及所必要的动态性能与可达到的质量减轻及涡流损耗的降低相应地得到明显的改善，这就有助于燃料消耗的明显减小及发动机废气排放性能的改善。此外在以上描述的实施例中所说明的结构类型方案可以任意地组合。

Claims (8)

1.用于喷射阀的衔铁，包括：
-至少一个磁性区域(3)及至少一个非磁性区域(4)，
-其中衔铁(2)被构成一体的构件，
-其中磁性的及非磁性的区域借助双组分粉末压铸方法相互材料锁合地连接，及
-其中磁性区域(3)被非磁性区域(4)完全地包封，
-其中衔铁(2)被构成具有一个透孔(6)的环形，非磁性区域(4)包括一个第一轴向端部区段(7)、一个第二轴向端部区段(8)、一个内圆周区段(60)及一个外圆周区段(41)，并且
-其中向着内极(10)的所述第一轴向端部区段(7)的厚度(D1)及所述外圆周区段(41)的厚度(D2)分别比所述第二轴向端部区段(8)的厚度(D3)及所述内圆周区段(60)的厚度(D4)小。
2.根据权利要求1的衔铁，其特征在于：第一轴向端部区段(7)的厚度(D1)与外圆周区段(41)的厚度(D2)相等。
3.根据权利要求1或2的衔铁，其特征在于：内圆周区段(60)的厚度(D4)大于第一轴向端部区段(7)的厚度(D1)、大于外圆周区段(41)的厚度(D2)、并且大于第二轴向端部区段(8)的厚度(D3)。
4.根据权利要求1或2的衔铁，其特征在于：衔铁(2)在第一轴向端部区段(7)和/或第二轴向端部区段(8)上构成止挡。
5.根据权利要求1或2的衔铁，其特征在于：磁性区域(3)由具有高饱和电感的磁性材料构成及非磁性区域(4)由陶瓷材料或硬金属构成。
6.根据权利要求1或2的衔铁，其特征在于：非磁性区域(4)由耐燃料的材料构成。
7.根据权利要求1或2的衔铁，其特征在于：非磁性区域(4)由耐磨损的材料构成。
8.根据权利要求1或2的衔铁，其特征在于：磁性区域(3)具有衔铁(2)的总重量的85％至95％的重量及非磁性区域(4)具有衔铁(2)的总重量的5％至15％的重量。
CN201280037333.0A 2011-08-09 2012-06-11 用于喷射阀的衔铁 Expired - Fee Related CN103733279B (zh)

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