CN103724580A - 一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料 - Google Patents
一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特点在于将材料各组成成分分成两组进行分别保存，能够方便的进行保存和使用，其使用方法简单，操作便捷；同时，由于是在建筑建设完成后进行喷涂加工，因而大大提高了材料利用率和防水性能；另外，由于采用了高效无毒的催化剂和阻燃材料，满足了现代建筑绿色环保安全的理念；此外，在材料中添加了一定成分的抗老化剂，有利于提高聚氨酯材料的环境适应能力和使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，尤其是建筑物防水防火保温材料。
背景技术
随着现代建筑材料的发展，具有节能、环保性能的新型建筑材料越来越受到人们的重视。聚氨酯泡沫塑料作为一种性能优越的高分子合成材料，具有密度小、强度高、导热系数低、粘接性强以及施工方便等诸多优点，在建筑物的防水保温材料方面得到了广泛的应用。目前，已有的建筑物聚氨酯泡沫材料主要有以下几种类型：
一种硬泡聚氨酯保温复合板，授权公告号为CN202969801U，该保温复合板主要由上下两层无底衬界面卷材构和两层卷材之间的硬泡聚氨酯材料构成，需要对聚氨酯泡沫材料进行加工，后期安装也比较复杂，板材的切割还会造成材料浪费，同时板材加入和拼装加工必定会使得墙面的防水性能降低。
一种聚氨酯硬泡与增强泡沫混凝土复合型插口式保温墙体板，授权公告号为CN203160523U，该保温墙体板需要将聚氨酯泡沫材料与混凝土材料组合加工，其技术难度较高，生产过程复杂，后期安装也具有很高的难度。
一种建筑防水保温用喷涂型聚氨酯组合料及其使用方法，申请公布号为CN102702955，该聚氨酯组合料发泡时间较长，在后期使用过程中，由于直接暴露在建筑物表面，在气温变化较大的地区材料老化加速，影响其使用寿命有限。
综上所述，现有的建筑物聚氨酯材料主要存在生产加工复杂及其造成的材料浪费，防水性能不好，技术要求高，安装过程复杂，材料易老化对气候环境的适应性有限，同时由于聚氨酯是有机材料，遇到明火必定会发生燃烧，因此作为建筑材料提高材料的阻燃性也是很有必要的。
发明内容
本发明提供一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其使用方法简单，材料利用率高，防水阻燃性能优越，同时对温度环境具有较高适应性。
本发明一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，主要由甲组分和乙组分两部分组成，甲组分为异氰酸酯，架链剂，阻燃剂和起泡剂混合物，乙组分为聚合物多元醇，催化剂，抗老化剂和水，其中甲组分中各成分重量百分比为：异氰酸酯40%-60%，架链剂10%-20%，阻燃剂20%-40%，起泡剂10%-20%；乙组分中各成分重量百分比为：聚合物多元醇70%-85%，催化剂5%-10%，抗老化剂5%-10%，水2%-5%。所述的甲组分和组分在使用时按照1:4的重量配比进行使用。所述的聚合物多元醇为分子量250-2000的聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚合物多元醇，聚醚胺或其混合物，主要选自聚四氢呋喃多元醇、聚氧化乙烯多元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇、聚氧化丁烯多元醇、聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸乙二醇-丙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚碳酸己二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种混合物。所述的架链剂为小分子的胺类和醇类，主要选自乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和环己烷二甲醇中的一种或几种的混合物。所述的催化剂为胺类或者锡类催化剂。所述的阻燃剂为甲基磷酸二甲酯、乙基磷酸二乙酯、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯和三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物。所述的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料制备和使用方法为：
(1)将异氰酸酯，架链剂，阻燃剂和起泡剂按照权利要求(1)的重量配比混合均匀制作成甲组分，将聚合物多元醇，催化剂，抗老化剂和水按照权利要求(1)的重量配比混合均匀制作成乙组分，甲、乙组分分开进行保存和运输；
(2)使用时将甲、乙两组分按照权利要求(2)的重量配比加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1000-1500转/分的速度搅拌10-15分钟，使各组分充分混合均匀；
(3)使用高压喷枪将混合均匀的聚氨酯材料均匀喷涂在建筑物墙面上，形成硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料层。
本发明种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，将材料各组成成分分成两组进行分别保存，能够方便的进行保存和使用，其使用方法简单，操作便捷；同时，由于是在建筑建设完成后进行喷涂加工，因而大大提高了材料利用率和防水性能；另外，由于采用了高效无毒的催化剂和阻燃材料，满足了现代建筑绿色环保安全的理念；此外，在材料中添加了一定成分的抗老化剂，有利于提高聚氨酯材料的环境适应能力和使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料的具体实施方式，但本发明的具体实施方式不局限于下述的实施例。
实施例1：
将45份异氰酸酯，10份架链剂，30份阻燃剂和15份起泡剂混合均匀，制成甲组分；将80份聚合物多元醇，5份催化剂，10份抗老化剂和5份水混合均匀，制成乙组分；将1份甲组分和4份乙组分加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，采用1000-1500转/分的转速，搅拌15分钟，充分混合均匀；使用高压喷枪将混合均匀的聚氨酯材料均匀的喷涂在建筑物墙面上。
实施例2：
将50份异氰酸酯，10份架链剂，20份阻燃剂和20份起泡剂混合均匀，制成甲组分；将75份聚合物多元醇，10份催化剂，10份抗老化剂和5份水混合均匀，制成乙组分；将1份甲组分和4份乙组分加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，采用1000-1500转/分的转速，搅拌15分钟，充分混合均匀；使用高压喷枪将混合均匀的聚氨酯材料均匀的喷涂在建筑物墙面上。
实施例3：
将55份异氰酸酯，10份架链剂，20份阻燃剂和15份起泡剂混合均匀，制成甲组分；将85份聚合物多元醇，5份催化剂，5份抗老化剂和5份水混合均匀，制成乙组分；将1份甲组分和4份乙组分加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，采用1000-1500转/分的转速，搅拌15分钟，充分混合均匀；使用高压喷枪将混合均匀的聚氨酯材料均匀的喷涂在建筑物墙面上。
经检测，实施例1-3的聚氨酯泡沫塑料的主要物理性能如表1所述：
表1聚氨酯泡沫塑料的主要物理性能
Claims (7)
1.一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的建筑物改性聚氨酯防水保温材料主要由甲组分和乙组分两部分组成，甲组分为异氰酸酯，架链剂，阻燃剂和起泡剂混合物，乙组分为聚合物多元醇，催化剂，抗老化剂和水，其中甲组分中各成分重量百分比为：异氰酸酯40%-60%，架链剂10%-20%，阻燃剂20%-40%，起泡剂10%-20%；乙组分中各成分重量百分比为：聚合物多元醇70%-85%，催化剂5%-10%，抗老化剂5%-10%，水2%-5%。
2.根据权利要求1中的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的甲组分和组分在使用时按照1:4的重量配比进行使用。
3.根据权利要求1中的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的聚合物多元醇为分子量250~2000的聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚合物多元醇，聚醚胺或其混合物，主要选自聚四氢呋喃多元醇、聚氧化乙烯多元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇、聚氧化丁烯多元醇、聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸乙二醇-丙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚碳酸己二醇酯二醇中的一种或多种混合物。
4.根据权利要求1中的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的架链剂为小分子的胺类和醇类，主要选自乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和环己烷二甲醇中的一种或几种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1中的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的催化剂为胺类或者锡类催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1中的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的阻燃剂为甲基磷酸二甲酯、乙基磷酸二乙酯、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯和三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1中的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料，其特征在于：所述的一种建筑物改性聚氨酯防水防火保温材料制备和使用方法为：
(1)将异氰酸酯，架链剂，阻燃剂和起泡剂按照权利要求(1)的重量配比混合均匀制作成甲组分，将聚合物多元醇，催化剂，抗老化剂和水按照权利要求(1)的重量配比混合均匀制作成乙组分，甲、乙组分分开进行保存和运输；
(2)使用时将甲、乙两组分按照权利要求(2)的重量配比加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1000-1500转/分的速度搅拌10-15分钟，使各组分充分混合均匀；
(3)使用高压喷枪将混合均匀的聚氨酯材料均匀喷涂在建筑物墙面上，形成硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料层。
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