CN103739823A - 一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料 - Google Patents

一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料 Download PDF

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CN103739823A
CN103739823A CN201310732661.9A CN201310732661A CN103739823A CN 103739823 A CN103739823 A CN 103739823A CN 201310732661 A CN201310732661 A CN 201310732661A CN 103739823 A CN103739823 A CN 103739823A
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parts
buildings
fire retardant
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蒙献芳
马云
马庆
马莉莎
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GUANGXI JISHUN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，该材料主要有A和B双组分反应制得，所述A组分包括多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、助剂水、填充剂，所述B组分为多异氰酸酯，原料来源广泛，性能稳定，制备工艺简单。该材料是具防水、保温和阻燃功能与一体的材料，同时具抗氧化，力学性能良好，施工效率高等优点，可广泛用于房屋、外墙以及其他板状或筒状建筑物。

Description

一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料
技术领域
本发明涉一种多功能复合材料，尤其涉及一种具防水、保温和阻燃功能于一体的建筑物改型材料。 
背景技术
当代建筑行业的不断发展，绿色建筑已经成为了未来建筑发展的一个趋势。绿色建筑在其使用生命周期内最大限度的节约能源、保护环境并为人类提供健康、安全和舒适的生活空间，绿色建筑标准在我国“十二五”计划中已经被列为强制标准。聚氨酯是一种高分子材料，具有可发泡性且易控制，保温绝热性能好、防水耐温性能优良、力学性能好、粘合力强、寿命长、施工方便等优异物理机械性能和可操作性被广泛应用于建筑行业，并且其使用量还在不断增长。因此，研发高效低成本性能良好的建筑改型聚氨酯材料是绿色建筑发展的一个重要方向。 
常见的建筑物改型聚氨酯材料有沥青做面材的和玻璃纤维增强型等，存在功能单一，贮存稳定性差、耐降解性差，燃烧时产生大量有毒气体，危害人体健康，同时还存在制备工艺复杂，生产周期长，成本昂贵等问题。目前，现有的建筑物改型聚氨酯材料有一下几种： 
一种沥青聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其制备方法，授权公告号为CN1341685A，所述的沥青聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料由煤焦沥青液和多聚异氰酸等原料发泡后经浇注或喷涂工艺制得。该种沥青聚氨酯在制备后贮存过程容易出现增稠和凝胶现象，保质期短，不方便贮存，长期贮存后的性能下降可能导致无法使用，产生浪费。
一种通用型外墙保温符合材料及其应用方法，授权公告号为CN101691800A，所述的通用型外墙保温复合材料由聚氨酯层、无机中空微珠聚合物保温层、耐碱网格布、抗裂砂浆层、防水层和柔性耐水腻子层等构成。该种保温复合材料层数结构多，制备工艺复杂，生产效率低和生产周期长及生产成本高。 
一种聚氨酯外墙保温材料，授权公告号为CN1709937A，所述的聚氨酯外墙保温材料由聚醚多元醇、PET醇解物和多业甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯等原料构成，发泡后有一层坚硬的表皮而具有防水效果。该种聚氨酯外墙保温材料功能较为单一，缺乏现代建筑安全性能中重要的防火阻燃性能，形成的表皮强度低，力学形成能差。 
综合上述，现有的建筑改型聚氨酯材料贮存性差，使用周期短，不利于工程施工方便，功能单一，在保温和防水性能的同时，应该尽可能的提高其阻燃性，保证人们的生活和生产环境安全，力学性能差，在强烈冲击下容易产生脱落，制备工艺复杂，生产效率低和生产周期长及生产成本高。 
发明内容
本发明提供了一种工艺简单，污染小，生产周期短和低廉低，并同时具有防水、保温和阻燃性能与一体的建筑改型材料，解决了目前建筑改型材料在贮存性差，功能单一安全性不高，力学性能差，制备工艺繁琐等问题。 
一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，可以用建筑行业板状或筒状等建筑面料上，它是由A、B两组分反应制备而成，其中： 
所述A组分的原料按下列质量份配比如下：
多元醇                          100份
催化剂                          3~20份
阻燃剂                          8~50份
发泡剂                          2~13份
助剂                            15~40份
水                               4~6份
填充剂                          10~30份
所述B组分的原料按下列质量份配比如下：
多异氰酸酯                         100份
所述的板状或筒状等面料包括钢、铝、镀锌板、不锈钢板等金属和三合板等木材以及有机树脂和无机混泥土等建筑材料。
所述的聚合物多元醇包括聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚氨酯改性聚酯多元醇的一种或多种混合物。 
所述的阻燃剂包括磷酸酯、有机石蜡、 级氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和甘油、山梨醇三羟甲基丙烷等多羟基化合物的一种或多种混合。 
所述的发泡剂为二氯一氟甲烷FCFC-141b和五氟丙烷HFC-245fa或五氟丁烷HFC-365mfc中的一种组成的混合物形成二次发泡。 
所述的助剂包括交联剂、扩链剂、泡沫稳定剂、光稳定剂、阻燃协效剂、抗氧化剂组成。 
所述的填充剂为轻质碳酸钙和石膏粉。 
所述的多异氰酸酯选自甲苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸脂、环己基二亚甲基二异氰酸酯一种或多种混合物。 
一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料制备方法： 
1）按上述重量份配比多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、助剂水、填充剂混合并搅拌均匀制成A组分。
2）按上述B组分重量份将多异氰酸酯加入到A组分当中，形成连续泡沫后采用浇注活喷涂设备将泡沫均匀覆于建筑物面料上。 
本发明研究出的一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，使用双组份反应形成连续硬质泡沫后，采用浇注活喷涂工艺均匀涂覆于建筑物面料上即可，是具防水、保温和阻燃功能与一体的材料，同时具抗氧化，力学性能良好等优点。本发明建筑改型材料使用的原料来源广泛，性能稳定，可以长期贮存，制备工艺简单，生产周期短和成本低，施工方便，效率高。 
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料的具体实施方式，但本发明的具体实施方式不局限于下述的实施例。 
实施例1: 
1）将50份聚醚多元醇、50份聚酯多元醇、4份催化剂、7份阻燃剂磷酸酯、5份有机石蜡、5份氢氧化铝、5份氢氧化镁、3份山梨醇三羟甲基丙烷、5份二氯一氟甲烷FCFC-141b、5份五氟丁烷HFC-365mfc、助剂20份（3份交联剂、2份扩链剂、10份泡沫稳定剂、2份光稳定剂、2份阻燃协效剂、1份抗氧化剂）、水5份、10份轻质碳酸钙和5份石膏粉混合均匀搅拌得到A组分；100份甲苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯作为B组分。
2）将步骤1）中的A组分和B组分混合，连续发泡形成稳定硬质泡沫后通过浇注方式涂覆与两块不锈钢板之间。
实施例2: 
1）将100份聚醚多元醇、10份催化剂、7份阻燃剂磷酸酯、5份有机石蜡、5份氢氧化铝、5份氢氧化镁、2份甘油、2份山梨醇三羟甲基丙烷、5份二氯一氟甲烷FCFC-141b、5份五氟丙烷HFC-245fa、助剂20份（3份交联剂、2份扩链剂、10份泡沫稳定剂、2份光稳定剂、2份阻燃协效剂、1份抗氧化剂）、水5份、10份轻质碳酸钙和5份石膏粉混合均匀搅拌得到A组分；50份甲苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、50份环己基二亚甲基二异氰酸酯作为B组分。
2）具体使用方法同实施例1。 
实施例3: 
1）将30份聚醚多元醇、70份聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、15份催化剂、10份阻燃剂磷酸酯、10份有机石蜡、5份氢氧化铝、5份氢氧化镁、5份甘油、5份山梨醇三羟甲基丙烷、10份二氯一氟甲烷FCFC-141b、5份五氟丙烷HFC-245fa、助剂30份（10份交联剂、5份扩链剂、10份泡沫稳定剂、2份光稳定剂、2份阻燃协效剂、1份抗氧化剂）、水5份、10份轻质碳酸钙和5份石膏粉混合均匀搅拌得到A组分；50份对苯二异氰酸脂、50份环己基二亚甲基二异氰酸酯作为B组分。
2）具体使用方法同实施例1。 
经过实际检测，表1为本发明建筑改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料实施例1-3的主要物理性能： 
表1
Figure 2013107326619100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
。

Claims (9)

1.一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：可以用建筑行业板状或筒状等建筑面料上，它是由A、B两组分反应制备而成，其中：
所述A组分的原料按下列质量份配比如下：
多元醇                          100份
催化剂                          3~20份
阻燃剂                          8~50份
发泡剂                          2~13份
助剂                            15~40份
水                               4~6份
填充剂                          10~30份
所述B组分的原料按下列质量份配比如下：
多异氰酸酯                         100份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：所述的板状或筒状等面料包括钢、铝、镀锌板、不锈钢板等金属和三合板等木材以及有机树脂和无机混泥土等建筑材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：所述的聚合物多元醇包括聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚氨酯改性聚酯多元醇的一种或多种混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：所述的阻燃剂包括磷酸酯、有机石蜡、 级氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和甘油、山梨醇三羟甲基丙烷等多羟基化合物的一种或多种混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：
所述的发泡剂为二氯一氟甲烷FCFC-141b和五氟丙烷HFC-245fa或五氟丁烷HFC-365mfc中的一种组成的混合物形成二次发泡。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：
所述的助剂包括交联剂、扩链剂、泡沫稳定剂、光稳定剂、阻燃协效剂、抗氧化剂等组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：
所述的填充剂为轻质碳酸钙和石膏粉。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料，其特征在于：
所述的多异氰酸酯选自甲苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸脂、环己基二亚甲基二异氰酸酯一种或多种混合物。
9.一种如权利要求1所述一种建筑物改型聚氨酯防水、保温、阻燃材料制备方法，其特征在于：
1）按上述重量份配比多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、助剂水、填充剂混合并搅拌均匀制成A组分；
2）按上述B组分重量份将多异氰酸酯加入到A组分当中，形成连续泡沫后采用浇注活喷涂设备将泡沫均匀涂于建筑物面料上。
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