CN107400351A - 聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107400351A
CN107400351A CN201710587262.6A CN201710587262A CN107400351A CN 107400351 A CN107400351 A CN 107400351A CN 201710587262 A CN201710587262 A CN 201710587262A CN 107400351 A CN107400351 A CN 107400351A
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刘涛
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法,由A组分和B组分组成,按照重量份数计算,A组分由聚丙烯树脂10~16份、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物1~3份、聚醚多元醇60~80份、玻化微珠5~10份、催化剂1~4份、复合阻燃剂12~24份、稳定剂1~3份以及发泡剂15~30份组成,B组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,其中,所述复合阻燃剂由氢氧化镁、纳米硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂与直链饱和脂肪酸制备而成。该保温材料提高阻燃性同时保持其优异的力学性能。

Description

聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于外墙体保温材料技术领域,具体涉及一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国建筑节能现在大规模使用的有机保温材料主要有EPS(聚苯乙烯泡沫)、PS(挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫)和PU(聚氨酯泡沫),均属易燃有机保温材料,最大的优点是质轻、保温、隔热性好;最大的缺陷是防火安全性差、易老化、易燃烧。这些新型建筑节能材料如果没有经过阻燃和降烟的化学结构改性,只是简单的添加阻燃剂,都存在严重的火灾隐患,导致频烦引发建筑火灾事故,央视火灾向全国敲响警钟,因此易燃有机保温材料的防火阻燃技术和防火构造的研究及其大规模的推广应用,已成为关系我国民生安全的重要问题。
我国正在制定一系列强制性的建筑节能措施,这无疑给PU泡沫塑料在建筑节能中大规模使用创造了一个发展机遇。然而聚氨酯硬泡是一种容易燃烧的有机材料,它在燃烧时释放出大量有毒烟雾,可使人在短时间内中毒和窒息。在我国PU泡沫塑料的实际使用中,火灾事故不断发生。因此如果不能有效、切实地解决其防火安全性的问题,找不到一个具有充分科学根据的途径来解决其使用过程中的防火安全性问题,那么PU泡沫塑料就无法在我国建筑节能中获得大规模推广应用。所以聚氨酯泡沫塑料的耐燃、防火等问题成为迫切需要解决的重要课题,这个问题是硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料今后能否继续发展的关键因素之一。
专利ZL200610043347.X、提出了一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统材料,包括聚氨酯防潮底漆、聚氨酯硬体材料、界面剂、内含玻璃纤维网格布的抗裂聚合物水泥砂浆和饰面涂料。其特点是解决了外墙保温墙面裂缝的产生,提高了表面平整度和装饰性。但是该专利对材料的防火阻燃性没有提及,保温体系也没有防火阻燃的相关措施。另外的相关专利ZL200810204580.0提出了一种喷涂型聚氨酯外墙保温系统及其施工方法,聚氨酯直接喷涂于涂有防潮底漆的基层墙面上,聚氨酯硬泡外设有找平层,找平层和聚氨酯硬泡间设有界面砂浆,找平层外设有耐碱网格布,网格布外是抹面砂浆。此保温系统的特点是结构简单施工快捷,可有效的防止墙面空鼓、开裂、渗水等缺陷。该专利提出系统具有阻火功能,其阻火功能的实现是通过界面砂浆和抹面聚合物砂浆阻隔作用来实现的,对聚氨酯硬泡材料本身的防火阻燃没有提及,而聚氨酯硬泡本身的防火阻燃性不好,将影响了整个体系的防火阻燃效果。专利CN200810105000.2公开了一种聚氨酯/酚醛泡沫保温材料的制备方法,采用异氰酸酯与聚醚多元醇的预聚物对酚醛树脂进行改性,添加表面活性剂、发泡剂,在室温下自由发泡,制备聚氨酯/酚醛泡沫保温材料,所得泡沫保温材料具有表面粉化小、韧性好、耐火性能好等优点。然而该体系从本质上说是一种用聚氨酯增加柔韧性的酚醛树脂发泡体系,其力学性能和粘接性能同聚氨酯体系是无法相比的。
发明内容
针对目前国内外结合聚氨酯硬泡保温系统的存在的主要问题,结合目前聚氨酯硬泡防火阻燃技术的研究进展,聚氨酯保温材料达到国标B1级或更高的防火等级,单一的添加阻燃剂技术不能解决问题,并且存在聚氨酯硬泡保温材料防火阻燃性能与力学性能相互矛盾的问题,本发明提出一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,该保温材料提高阻燃性同时保持其优异的力学性能。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,由A组分和B组分组成,按照重量份数计算,A组分由聚丙烯树脂10~16份、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物1~3份、聚醚多元醇60~80份、玻化微珠5~10份、催化剂1~4份、复合阻燃剂12~24份、稳定剂1~3份以及发泡剂15~30份组成,B组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,其中,所述复合阻燃剂由氢氧化镁、纳米硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂与直链饱和脂肪酸制备而成。
进一步,所述复合阻燃剂的制备方法:
先将氢氧化镁与纳米硅藻土混合后,再加热至90~110℃后加入硅烷偶联剂,边搅拌,反应时间为10~15min,然后冷却至45~55℃,加入直链饱和脂肪酸后搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
进一步,所述硅烷偶联剂为KH570、KH792或者DL602。
进一步,所述稳定剂为硅油。
进一步,所述催化剂为月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、醋酸锡、二乙酸二丁基锡或二乙酸二辛基锡。
进一步,所述发泡剂为乙醚。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将聚丙烯树脂、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物与聚醚多元醇预混合,同时加入玻化微珠、稳定剂、催化剂、复合阻燃剂和发泡剂得到A组分,将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯作为B组分,将A组分与B组分混合发泡,异氰酸酯指数为1.05~1.15,得到聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料。
进一步,A组分与B组分的混合重量比为1∶1~1.8。
本发明所述聚醚多元醇还包括含叔胺基聚醚多元醇,可以由多元伯或仲胺与环氧化合物开环反应制得,多元胺的碳原子数在2~18之间,具体包括乙二胺聚氧化丙烯四醇或二乙烯三胺聚氧化丙烯五醇。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明的复合阻燃剂采用由氢氧化镁、纳米硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂与直链饱和脂肪酸制备而成的复合阻燃剂,其不仅提高了氢氧化镁在聚氨酯中的分散性以及其与聚氨酯高分子链间的亲和性,对氢氧化镁的阻燃效果起到增效作用,同时降低由于无机填料过多对保温材料力学性能降低带来的危害。使得产品同时具有较高的阻燃性能和优异的力学性能。
2、本发明聚丙烯树脂与乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物改性聚氨酯硬泡的主要目的为提高聚氨酯泡沫塑料的耐热性与发泡性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
复合阻燃剂的制备方法:先将氢氧化镁与纳米硅藻土混合后,再加热至90℃后加入KH570,边搅拌,反应时间为15min,然后冷却至55℃,加入直链饱和脂肪酸后搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
实施例2
复合阻燃剂的制备方法:先将氢氧化镁与纳米硅藻土混合后,再加热至100℃后加入KH792,边搅拌,反应时间为10min,然后冷却至45℃,加入直链饱和脂肪酸后搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
实施例3
复合阻燃剂的制备方法:先将氢氧化镁与纳米硅藻土混合后,再加热至110℃后加入DL602,边搅拌,反应时间为15min,然后冷却至50℃,加入直链饱和脂肪酸后搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
实施例4
一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,由A组分和B组分组成,按照重量份数计算,A组分由聚丙烯树脂12份、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物2份、聚醚多元醇70份、玻化微珠8份、月桂酸二丁基锡2.5份、复合阻燃剂12~24份、硅油2份以及乙醚23份组成,B组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,A组分与B组分的混合重量比为1∶1。
制备方法:
将聚丙烯树脂、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物与聚醚多元醇预混合,同时加入玻化微珠、硅油、月桂酸二丁基锡、实施例1的复合阻燃剂和乙醚得到A组分,将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯作为B组分,将A组分与B组分混合发泡,异氰酸酯指数为1.05,得到聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料。
实施例5
一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,由A组分和B组分组成,按照重量份数计算,A组分由聚丙烯树脂10份、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物1份、聚醚多元醇80份、玻化微珠5份、辛酸亚锡1份、复合阻燃剂12份、硅油1份以及乙醚15份组成,B组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,A组分与B组分的混合重量比为1∶1.4。
制备方法:
将聚丙烯树脂、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物与聚醚多元醇预混合,同时加入玻化微珠、硅油、辛酸亚锡、实施例2的复合阻燃剂和乙醚得到A组分,将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯作为B组分,将A组分与B组分混合发泡,异氰酸酯指数为1.1,得到聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料。
实施例6
一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,由A组分和B组分组成,按照重量份数计算,A组分由聚丙烯树脂16份、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物3份、聚醚多元醇60份、玻化微珠10份、二乙酸二辛基锡4份、实施例3的复合阻燃剂24份、硅油3份以及乙醚30份组成,B组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,A组分与B组分的混合重量比为1∶1.8。
制备方法:
将聚丙烯树脂、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚醚多元醇预混合,同时加入玻化微珠、硅油、二乙酸二辛基锡、实施例3的复合阻燃剂和乙醚得到A组分,将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯作为B组分,将A组分与B组分混合发泡,异氰酸酯指数为1.15,得到聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料。
试验例
将实施例4-6制备得到的聚氨酯硬泡外墙保温材料进行抗压强度以及氧化指数等性能测定,结果见表1。
表1 实施例4-6保温材料性能参数
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,其特征在于,由A组分和B组分组成,按照重量份数计算,A组分由聚丙烯树脂10~16份、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物1~3份、聚醚多元醇60~80份、玻化微珠5~10份、催化剂1~4份、复合阻燃剂12~24份、稳定剂1~3份以及发泡剂15~30份组成,B组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,其中,所述复合阻燃剂由氢氧化镁、纳米硅藻土、硅烷偶联剂与直链饱和脂肪酸制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,其特征在于,所述复合阻燃剂的制备方法:
先将氢氧化镁与纳米硅藻土混合后,再加热至90~110℃后加入硅烷偶联剂,边搅拌,反应时间为10~15min,然后冷却至45~55℃,加入直链饱和脂肪酸后搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,其特征在于,所述硅烷偶联剂为KH570、KH792或者DL602。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为硅油。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,其特征在于,所述催化剂为月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、醋酸锡、二乙酸二丁基锡或二乙酸二辛基锡。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为乙醚。
7.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将聚丙烯树脂、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物与聚醚多元醇预混合,同时加入玻化微珠、稳定剂、催化剂、复合阻燃剂和发泡剂得到A组分,将多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯作为B组分,将A组分与B组分混合发泡,异氰酸酯指数为1.05~1.15,得到聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的聚氨酯硬泡外墙阻燃保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,A组分与B组分的混合重量比为1∶1~1.8。
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