CN103719633B - A kind of maize straw prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed - Google Patents

A kind of maize straw prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103719633B
CN103719633B CN201410015839.2A CN201410015839A CN103719633B CN 103719633 B CN103719633 B CN 103719633B CN 201410015839 A CN201410015839 A CN 201410015839A CN 103719633 B CN103719633 B CN 103719633B
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China
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meal worm
yellow meal
maize straw
feed
straw
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CN103719633A (en
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李宁
李涛
邵承斌
林兵
苏香
毛飞
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Jianping Dongxin Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
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Chongqing Technology and Business University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method that maize straw prepares Yellow meal worm larva feed, step is: 1) whiterot fungi, sporotrichum thermophile, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma reesei are expanded respectively numerous after, equal-volume mix, obtain mixed bacteria liquid; 2) get the corn stalk pellets of 100 weight portions, the mixing phosphoamide of 5 ~ 8.5 weight portions, the mixed bacteria liquid of 150 ~ 250 weight portions, in initial temperature 20 ~ 40 DEG C of bottom fermentations 10 ~ 14 days, obtain one-step fermentation stalk; 3) by step 2) the one-step fermentation stalk that obtains, mix with the active dry yeast of 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion, in initial temperature 20 ~ 40 DEG C of bottom fermentations after 1 day, dry, obtain corn straw feedstuff.Prepare corn straw feedstuff with the present invention, fermentation time is short, and the feed obtained is soft, well-grown after yellow meal worm is edible, and what can be used as yellow meal worm partially or completely substitutes feed, has both reduced the aquaculture cost of yellow meal worm, and can realize maize straw resource process again.

Description

A kind of maize straw prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of insect feedstuff, particularly relate to a kind of maize straw prepares Yellow meal worm larva feed method through multi-cultur es step fermentation.
Background technology
Yellow meal worm larva (hereinafter referred to as yellow meal worm) is a kind of economic insects propagated artificially, is the splendid feed of raise poultry and special cultivation, after processing, also can be used for the industries such as food, health products, cosmetics.But the feed cost at present for cultivating yellow meal worm accounts for 70% ~ 90% of whole aquaculture cost, seriously constrain the development of yellow meal worm aquaculture.Therefore, the feed developing the cultivation yellow meal worm of low cost has positive effect.
The annual maize straw total output of China about reaches 2.2 hundred million tons, and wherein major part is burnt, naturally rotted or with losses such as floods, both cause the wasting of resources like this, again contaminated air, stop river course, block the traffic.Therefore, rationally a large amount of maize straw of process has caused the extensive concern of society.Maize straw is about containing 6% crude protein, 1.5% crude fat, 24% crude fibre, 10% coarse ash, 53% NFE and other material, therefore from the angle of the utilization of resources, maize straw is a kind of natural resources.Take maize straw as primary raw material, employing Physical, chemical method or microbial method produce the effective way that animal feed is recycling maize straw.But the simple microstructure using Physical can not change maize straw, can not improve the nutritive value of maize straw; And the easy contaminated environment of chemical method, residual chemical substance also may damage animal.At present, produce animal feed with microbial method process maize straw and have more bibliographical information.Coordinate anaerobic fermentation to produce straw feed as Chinese invention patent ZL03100363.X reports with many bacterial strains, improve the digestibility of feed; After Chinese invention patent ZL200510066003.6 employing Lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycete, trichoderma reesei, bacillus subtilis carry out third stage culture respectively, then straw feed is prepared in mixed culture fermentation; Hu Peng such as to fly at microorganism species form with radiation bacterium etc. with white rot fungi, and fermented maize stalk is as the feed of lamb, respond well.But, the corn straw feedstuff of these fermentation modes production above, mainly for fowl poultry kind animal, and some bibliographical information use microbiological treatment maize straw, only analyze the change of the material such as cellulose, protein content before and after fermentation, do not consider the palatability of feed, do not verify effect after feeding animals yet, also some fermented bacterium is single, fermentation time long, ANFs elimination factor is low.
The growth of animal is larger by the impact of feed kind.Yellow meal worm is biting mouthparts, and feed really up to the mark is not suitable for feeding, therefore requires that feed wants softer.Yellow meal worm alimentary canal is short and straight, therefore requires that the nutritional labeling of feed is higher.Obviously, yellow meal worm and fowl poultry kind animal all have very big difference in digestive system, physilogical characteristics and custom of searching for food, therefore the processing method of the corn straw feedstuff of yellow meal worm of throwing something and feeding also should be different.At present, it is less with maize straw to be that primary raw material is processed into the research of yellow meal worm special feed, and specific aim is strong, result of use is undesirable.Lucky will newly waits adds in the daily ration of yellow meal worm with undressed maize straw, and result shows yellow meal worm poor growth.Jilin agricultural science and technology institute Lv Shu ministers etc. mix as feed using the maize straw of yeast and fermentation of bacillus with wheat bran (wheat bran is the main feed that tradition cultivates yellow meal worm), and yellow meal worm of throwing something and feeding, finds that its growth indexes but can not show a candle to control group (wheat bran).Therefore, existing technology maize straw being processed as yellow meal worm feed, also has larger defect, still can not meet the needs of yellow meal worm cultivation, therefore need improve prior art.。
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is that the specific aim that exists in yellow meal worm feed process is strong, the problem of poor effect that main purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned corn stover, there is provided a kind of and adopt multi-cultur es step fermentation maize straw technology, the corn straw feedstuff prepared is applicable to yellow meal worm and eats, and result of use has larger improvement than the report of document, can with suitable by the effect of wheat bran.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of method that maize straw prepares Yellow meal worm larva feed, said method comprising the steps of:
1) whiterot fungi, sporotrichum thermophile, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma reesei are expanded respectively numerous after, equal-volume mix, obtain mixed bacteria liquid;
2) mixed bacteria liquid 150 ~ 250 weight portion corn stalk pellets 100 weight portion, step 1) obtained, the phosphoamide of 5 ~ 8.5 weight portions mix mutually, cover Polypropylence Sheet, in initial temperature 20 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C bottom fermentations 10 days ~ 14 days, obtain one-step fermentation maize straw;
3) by step 2) the one-step fermentation maize straw that obtains, mix mutually with the active dry yeast of 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion, cover Polypropylence Sheet, in initial temperature 20 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C bottom fermentations 1 day, obtain two-step fermentation maize straw;
4) two-step fermentation maize straw step 3) obtained is dry, making water content lower than 12%, namely obtaining the corn straw feedstuff for cultivating Yellow meal worm larva.
According to the present invention, the numerous condition of described expansion is cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, and incubation time is 48 hours ~ 72 hours.
According to the present invention, Polypropylence Sheet also can prick aperture, so that suitably breathe freely.On Polypropylence Sheet, the diameter of aperture is not particularly limited.
According to the present invention, described corn stalk pellets is that the nothing of particle diameter 2mm ~ 4mm is gone mouldy, pure dry yellow maize stalk particle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process chart that maize straw according to the present invention prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed;
Fig. 2 is the SEM photo of corn straw feedstuff prepared by the first exemplary embodiment 1 according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the SEM photo of corn straw feedstuff prepared by the second exemplary embodiment 2 according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the SEM photo of the corn stalk pellets prepared according to the comparative example of prior art.
Detailed description of the invention
The growth of animal is larger by the impact of feed kind.Yellow meal worm and fowl poultry kind animal all have very big difference in digestive system, physilogical characteristics and custom of searching for food, therefore the processing method of the corn straw feedstuff of yellow meal worm of throwing something and feeding also should be different.At present, it is less with maize straw to be that primary raw material is processed into the research of yellow meal worm special feed, and specific aim is strong, result of use is undesirable.The invention provides a kind of maize straw prepares Yellow meal worm larva feed method through multi-cultur es step fermentation.
Maize straw of the present invention to prepare Yellow meal worm larva feed method through multi-cultur es step fermentation is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 shows the process chart that maize straw according to the present invention prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed.
As shown in Figure 1, the method that maize straw according to the present invention prepares yellow meal worm feed comprises the following steps:
1, the expansion of bacterial classification is numerous
A little whiterot fungi (P.chrysosporium), sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotrichumthermophile), aspergillus niger (Aspergillusniger), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) and trichoderma reesei (Trichodermareesei) lawn is got from slant medium shovel, be connected in the Liquid Culture based sols after sterilizing the cultivation carried out 48 hours ~ 72 hours respectively, cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C.After cultivation completes, each bacterium liquid living bacteria count is not less than 1,000,000,000/mL.By above-mentioned each bacterium liquid equal-volume mixing, obtain mixed bacteria liquid.Here, be known bacterial classification according to the bacterial classification used in method of the present invention, on market or preservation center all can obtain.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, culture medium solution can be made up of the material of following proportioning: 20% potato juice 1L, glucose 15g ~ 20g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g ~ 3g, epsom salt 1g ~ 1.5g, thiamine 0.05g ~ 0.15g, control pH=6 ~ 7 of culture medium solution.But the present invention is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can select applicable culture medium solution under the teachings of the present invention.
2, the pulverizing of maize straw
Will without going mouldy, pure dry yellow maize stalk, pulverize the particle into particle diameter 2mm ~ 4mm.
3, one-step fermentation
Get corn stalk pellets 100 weight portion that step 2 obtains, mixed bacteria liquid 150 ~ 250 weight portion, phosphoamide 5 ~ 8.5 weight portion that step 1 obtains, mixing, cover Polypropylence Sheet, initial temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, ferment 10 days ~ 14 days, obtain one-step fermentation maize straw.According to the present invention, Polypropylence Sheet can prick aperture, so that suitably breathe freely, on Polypropylence Sheet, the diameter of aperture is not particularly limited.
4, two-step fermentation
One-step fermentation maize straw step 3 obtained, adds the active dry yeast of 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion, and mixing, covers Polypropylence Sheet, in initial temperature 20 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C bottom fermentations 1 day, obtains two-step fermentation maize straw.According to the present invention, Polypropylence Sheet can prick aperture, so that suitably breathe freely, on Polypropylence Sheet, the diameter of aperture is not particularly limited.
5, dry and storage
Two-step fermentation maize straw step 4 obtained is dry, makes water content lower than 12%, thus obtains the corn straw feedstuff for cultivating yellow meal worm prepared in accordance with the present invention, and sealing, stores for future use under the condition of drying.
The present invention, when filling a prescription and implement, has taken into full account that the composition of dry yellow maize stalk, physical property and yellow meal worm are to the demand of feed.Whiterot fungi can destroy the wax coat on maize straw surface effectively, and then the difficult degradation component such as decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin; Larger molecular organics in aspergillus niger energy pyrolysis straw and part slightly solubility inorganic matter; Cellulose in sporotrichum thermophile energy decomposing straw; Trichoderma reesei has the ability of good synthetic proteins and secretory protein, accelerates the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose in maize straw; Aspergillus oryzae has the ability of producing complex enzyme, can make the difficult mass degradation absorbed such as the macro-molecular protein in maize straw, crude fibre, improve nutritive value; Yeast can further improve the content easily absorbing protein in feed, and then meets the demand of yellow meal worm to nutrition.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: maize straw yellow meal worm feed is prepared in this invention, employ multiple bacteria compound fermentation, by the combination of different metabolic ability, staged promotes fermentation, complete the complicated metabolism that single culture has been difficult to, avoid the shortcoming that single culture fermentation time is long, action effect is limited, ANFs elimination factor is low, there is the features such as fermentation time is short, thermal adaptability is wide, the ANFs can removed preferably in maize straw, feed are soft.The present invention additionally uses step fermentation technique: one-step fermentation, mainly in order to the cellulose in Partial digestion maize straw, hemicellulose, lignin etc. can not by the parts of yellow meal worm digestibility and utilization; Two-step fermentation, the part substrate mainly will produced in one-step fermentation maize straw, as the nutrient of two-step fermentation, and be further converted to mycoprotein by remaining nitrogen in one-step fermentation maize straw, and produce a small amount of alcohol fragrance, thus increase protein content and the palatability of corn straw feedstuff.If carry out two-step fermentation too early, the availability carbon source consumption in corn straw feedstuff can be made too much, reduce the nutrition of corn straw feedstuff on the contrary.The corn straw feedstuff cultivation yellow meal worm of prepared in accordance with the method for the present invention, with with wheat bran, cultivate yellow meal worm merely through the corn stalk pellets of physical crushing and compare, its cumulative mortality is all better with accumulative weightening finish index, therefore can be used as the partially or completely alternative feed of cultivation yellow meal worm with the corn straw feedstuff that method of the present invention makes.The process of maize straw and the cultivation of yellow meal worm combine by method according to the present invention, can not only reduce the aquaculture cost of yellow meal worm, and can turn waste into wealth, and realize maize straw minimizing, innoxious, recycling treatment.
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of the corn straw feedstuff of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) expansion of bacterial classification is numerous
Get a little whiterot fungi, sporotrichum thermophile, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma reesei lawn from slant medium shovel, be connected in the Liquid Culture based sols after sterilizing the cultivation carried out 72 hours respectively, cultivation temperature is 28 DEG C.The proportioning of culture medium solution is: 20% potato juice 1L, glucose 15g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g, epsom salt 1.5g, thiamine 0.05g, control pH=6.After cultivation completes, by above-mentioned each bacterium liquid equal-volume mixing, obtain mixed bacteria liquid.
2) pulverizing of maize straw
Will without going mouldy, pure dry yellow maize stalk, pulverize the particle into particle diameter 2mm.
3) one-step fermentation
Get step 2) mixed bacteria liquid 250 weight portion, phosphoamide 8 weight portion that corn stalk pellets 100 weight portion that obtains, step 1) obtain, mixing, cover Polypropylence Sheet, initial temperature controls at 40 DEG C, ferments 14 days, obtains one-step fermentation maize straw.
4) two-step fermentation
One-step fermentation maize straw step 3) obtained, adds the active dry yeast of 0.5 weight portion, and mixing, cover Polypropylence Sheet, initial temperature controls at 20 DEG C, ferments 1 day, obtains two-step fermentation maize straw.
5) dry and storage
Two-step fermentation maize straw step 4) obtained is dry, makes water content lower than 12%, thus obtains the corn straw feedstuff according to this embodiment, and sealing, stores for future use under the condition of drying.
Corn straw feedstuff prepared by the present embodiment has alcohol fragrance, and feed is comparatively soft.Fig. 2 is the SEM photo (amplifying 2000 times) of the corn straw feedstuff according to embodiment 1 preparation.As seen from Figure 2, feed surface is with the thalline of a large amount of different shape, and these bacterium had both decomposed some in stalk not easily by the component that yellow meal worm digests and assimilates, and can provide certain nutrition again.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of the corn straw feedstuff of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) expansion of bacterial classification is numerous
Get a little whiterot fungi, sporotrichum thermophile, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma reesei lawn from slant medium shovel, be connected in the Liquid Culture based sols after sterilizing the cultivation carried out 48 hours respectively, cultivation temperature is 28 DEG C.The proportioning of culture medium solution is: 20% potato juice 1L, glucose 15g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g, epsom salt 1.5g, thiamine 0.05g, control pH=6.After cultivation completes, by above-mentioned each bacterium liquid equal-volume mixing, obtain mixed bacteria liquid.
2) pulverizing of maize straw
Will without going mouldy, pure dry yellow maize stalk, pulverize the particle into particle diameter 3mm.
3) one-step fermentation
Get step 2) mixed bacteria liquid 250 weight portion, phosphoamide 5 weight portion that corn stalk pellets 100 weight portion that obtains, step 1) obtain, mixing, cover Polypropylence Sheet, initial temperature controls at 35 DEG C, ferments 11 days, obtains one-step fermentation maize straw.
4) two-step fermentation
One-step fermentation stalk step 3) obtained, adds the active dry yeast of 0.1 weight portion, and mixing, cover Polypropylence Sheet, initial temperature controls at 20 DEG C, ferments 1 day, obtains two-step fermentation maize straw.
5) dry and storage
Two-step fermentation stalk step 4) obtained is dry, makes water content lower than 12%, obtains the corn straw feedstuff according to this embodiment, and sealing, stores for future use under the condition of drying.
Corn straw feedstuff prepared by the present embodiment has alcohol fragrance, and feed is comparatively soft.Fig. 3 is the SEM photo (amplifying 2000 times) of the corn straw feedstuff according to embodiment 2 preparation.As seen from Figure 3, feed surface is with the thalline of different shape.
Comparative example
The preparation method of the corn straw feedstuff of comparative example is as follows: will without going mouldy, pure dry yellow maize stalk, pulverize the particle into particle diameter 3mm.
The SEM photo (amplifying 2000 times) of corn straw feedstuff prepared by comparative example, as shown in Figure 4.As seen from Figure 4, feed surface has many apertures (physical feature for maize straw), and inner surface is smooth, finds no thalline.
Choose the corn straw feedstuff that the obtained corn straw feedstuff of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, wheat bran (conventional feed, a kind of daily ration for yellow meal worm), comparative example are obtained, be respectively used to cultivate yellow meal worm.Rearing conditions is: often group chooses the healthy yellow meal worm 200 (about 10g) of about 1.5cm, and at room temperature, with different feedstuff feedings, rate of charge is: feed 10g, green vegetables 2g.Change a feed every 5 days, cleaning worm excrement, and record yellow meal worm death and Gain weight.Repeat three groups, calculate the average cumulative death rate (accumulative dead number/initial number × 100%) and average cumulative weightening finish (accumulative weightening finish quality/initial mass × 100%) situation, its effect refers to table 1 below.
Table 1 effect of DIFFERENT FEED cultivation yellow meal worm
Data as can be seen from table 1, with the corn straw feedstuff cultivation yellow meal worm of preparing according to embodiments of the invention 1, embodiment 2 after 20 days, its average cumulative death rate is 3.0%, and the weightening finish of its average cumulative is respectively 17.5mg/ bar, 18.0mg/ bar; With wheat bran cultivation yellow meal worm after 20 days, its average cumulative death rate and average cumulative weightening finish are respectively 3.0% and 18.5mg/ bar; The corn straw feedstuff cultivation yellow meal worm of preparing with comparative example, its average cumulative death rate reaches 8.0%, and average cumulative weightening finish is only 10.0mg/ bar.The corn straw feedstuff obtained by embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is suitable with the effect cultivating yellow meal worm with wheat bran.
The present invention is by this for maize straw agricultural wastes, after specific process process, prepare maize straw yellow meal worm feed, there is the features such as fermentation time is short, thermal adaptability is wide, feed is soft, the edible rear upgrowth situation of yellow meal worm is good, therefore with the corn straw feedstuff that the method obtains, can be used as the partially or completely alternative feed of cultivation yellow meal worm.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by referring to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, invention has been described, but those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits.

Claims (2)

1. prepare a method for Yellow meal worm larva feed with maize straw, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) whiterot fungi, sporotrichum thermophile, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma reesei are expanded respectively numerous after, equal-volume mix, obtain mixed bacteria liquid; The numerous condition of described expansion is cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, and incubation time is 48 hours ~ 72 hours;
2) mixed bacteria liquid 150 ~ 250 weight portion corn stalk pellets 100 weight portion, step 1) obtained, the phosphoamide of 5 ~ 8.5 weight portions mix mutually, cover Polypropylence Sheet, in initial temperature 20 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C bottom fermentations 10 days ~ 14 days, obtain one-step fermentation maize straw;
3) by step 2) the one-step fermentation maize straw that obtains, mix mutually with the active dry yeast of 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion, cover Polypropylence Sheet, in initial temperature 20 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C bottom fermentations 1 day, obtain two-step fermentation maize straw;
4) two-step fermentation maize straw step 3) obtained is dry, making water content lower than 12%, namely obtaining the corn straw feedstuff for cultivating Yellow meal worm larva.
2. maize straw according to claim 1 prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed, it is characterized in that: described corn stalk pellets is that the nothing of particle diameter 2mm ~ 4mm is gone mouldy, pure dry yellow maize stalk particle.
CN201410015839.2A 2014-01-15 2014-01-15 A kind of maize straw prepares the method for Yellow meal worm larva feed Expired - Fee Related CN103719633B (en)

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CN104322925A (en) * 2014-09-30 2015-02-04 浙江海洋学院 Tenebrio moliter feed and preparation method
CN106387354B (en) * 2016-08-31 2019-06-11 四川农业大学 A kind of novel yellow meal worm biological fermentation feed and preparation method

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