CN103711507A - Method for controlling deformation of large broken rock zone roadway by using multi-steel stranded wire combined supporting device - Google Patents
Method for controlling deformation of large broken rock zone roadway by using multi-steel stranded wire combined supporting device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多钢绞线组合支护装置控制大松动圈巷道变形的方法，实施步骤包括：通过多种方法联合确定巷道围岩破坏状况，通过“锚喷注”联合支护构建巷道围岩浅部承载圈和通过多钢绞线组合支护装置调动深部弹性态围岩承载能力三步；所述多钢绞线组合支护装置分为锚固段、自由段、密封段和外露段；该方法能够同时实现高支护强度和较深的支护范围，将浅部承载圈与深部弹性态围岩连为一体；注浆过后钢绞线后仍保持原有延伸率，适应于围岩的连续长时非线性变形；利用本方法对大松动圈巷道进行围岩强化控制，可实现该类巷道的长时稳定，降低巷道多次翻修工程量，具有广泛的实用性。
The invention relates to a method for controlling the deformation of a roadway with a large loose circle by a multi-steel strand combined support device. The implementation steps include: jointly determining the damage status of the surrounding rock of the roadway through various methods, and constructing the surrounding rock of the roadway through "anchor injection" joint support. There are three steps for carrying the shallow rock bearing circle and mobilizing the bearing capacity of the deep elastic state surrounding rock through the multi-steel strand combined support device; the multi-steel strand combined support device is divided into an anchoring section, a free section, a sealing section and an exposed section; This method can achieve high support strength and deep support range at the same time, and connect the shallow bearing circle with the deep elastic surrounding rock; after the grouting, the steel strand still maintains the original elongation, which is suitable for the surrounding rock The continuous long-term nonlinear deformation of the roadway; using this method to strengthen the surrounding rock control of the roadway with a large loose circle can realize the long-term stability of this type of roadway, reduce the amount of multiple renovation works of the roadway, and has wide practicability.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及大松动圈巷道围岩非线性、持续大变形的控制技术，尤其是控制大松动圈巷道围岩连续、长时、非线性变形的一种多钢绞线组合支护装置控制大松动圈巷道变形的方法。The present invention relates to the nonlinear and continuous large-deformation control technology for the surrounding rock of roadway with large loose circle, especially a multi-steel strand combined support device for controlling the continuous, long-term and nonlinear deformation of roadway surrounding rock with large loose circle to control large looseness The method of round roadway deformation.
背景技术 Background technique
随着煤矿开采深度的下延，同等强度、浅部表现为硬岩的岩体在高水平原岩应力作用下表现出软岩的性质，经多次动压影响后，诸多开拓、准备巷道纷纷演变为大松动圈(局部超过5m)巷道，围岩变形具有连续、长时、非线性特点，多次修复仍不能保持长时稳定。现代岩石力学和支护理论强调通过围岩与在其内部加固或外部支撑的支护结构相互作用形成统一承载结构，充分调动围岩的承载能力以控制并允许围岩的有限变形。针对大松动圈巷道围岩的控制，传统被动支护在支护理念与支护强度上均不再适应大松动圈巷道变形特点，现有主动支护技术及手段在调动其深部弹性态围岩承载能力及适应强动压影响和围岩连续长时非线性变形方面均表现出明显不足：锚杆支护受杆体长度限制只能对浅部破碎围岩形成加固；单体锚索、注浆锚索受长度和强度限制，调动深部弹性态围岩承载能力的程度有限，且适应深部强动压影响和围岩连续长时非线性变形能力差；注浆加固虽能强化围岩性能，但合理注浆压力下浆液扩散难以触及围岩深部弹性区，且固结体强度取决于被注介质块体强度和破坏程度，动压影响下易发生再次破裂。综上所述，现有支护技术未能有效控制深部大松动圈巷道围岩连续长时非线性变形的根本在于所构建的围岩承载结构与围岩变形特点不相适应，该类巷道的安全严重影响着深部煤炭的安全高效开采。With the extension of coal mine mining depth, the rock mass with the same strength and shallow part as hard rock shows the nature of soft rock under the action of high level original rock stress. It has evolved into a roadway with a large loose circle (partially exceeding 5m), and the deformation of the surrounding rock has the characteristics of continuous, long-term, and nonlinear, and the long-term stability cannot be maintained after repeated repairs. Modern rock mechanics and support theory emphasizes that the surrounding rock interacts with internally reinforced or externally supported support structures to form a unified load-bearing structure, fully mobilizing the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock to control and allow limited deformation of the surrounding rock. Aiming at the control of the surrounding rock in the large loose circle roadway, the traditional passive support is no longer suitable for the deformation characteristics of the large loose circle roadway in terms of support concept and support strength. The existing active support technology and means are mobilizing the deep elastic surrounding rock Bearing capacity and adaptation to the influence of strong dynamic pressure and continuous long-term nonlinear deformation of surrounding rock show obvious deficiencies: bolt support is limited by the length of the rod body and can only form reinforcement for shallow broken surrounding rock; single anchor cable, grouting Anchor cables are limited by their length and strength, so they can only mobilize the bearing capacity of deep elastic surrounding rocks to a limited extent, and have poor ability to adapt to deep strong dynamic pressure and continuous long-term nonlinear deformation of surrounding rocks; although grouting reinforcement can strengthen the performance of surrounding rocks, Under a reasonable grouting pressure, it is difficult for the grout to diffuse into the deep elastic zone of the surrounding rock, and the strength of the consolidated body depends on the strength and damage degree of the injected medium block, and it is easy to break again under the influence of dynamic pressure. To sum up, the reason why the existing support technology fails to effectively control the continuous and long-term nonlinear deformation of the surrounding rock in the deep large loose circle roadway is that the surrounding rock bearing structure constructed is not compatible with the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock. Safety seriously affects the safe and efficient mining of deep coal.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了解决传统被动支护与现有主动支护技术的不足，针对大松动圈巷道围岩承载结构与围岩变形演化规律的适应性，本发明提供一种多钢绞线组合支护装置控制大松动圈巷道变形的方法，该方法通过锚喷注联合支护构建围岩浅部承载圈对深部围岩变形提供较高的径向阻力；多钢绞线组合支护装置凭借自身在长度和强度上的优势，将浅部承载圈与深部弹性态围岩连为一体，较好地调动了深部弹性态围岩承载能力；多钢绞线组合支护装置自由段内浆液与钢绞线的隔离确保了“锚注一体化”后钢绞线仍保持原有延伸率，能够适应围岩的连续长时非线性变形。In order to solve the deficiencies of traditional passive support and existing active support technology, aiming at the adaptability of the surrounding rock bearing structure and the deformation evolution law of the surrounding rock in the roadway with large loose circles, the present invention provides a multi-steel strand combined support device to control large The method of roadway deformation in the loose ring, which uses anchor injection combined support to construct the shallow bearing ring of surrounding rock to provide high radial resistance to deformation of deep surrounding rock; the multi-strand combined support device relies on its own length and strength The advantages on the surface, the shallow bearing circle and the deep elastic surrounding rock are integrated, and the bearing capacity of the deep elastic surrounding rock is better mobilized; the isolation of the grout and the steel strand in the free section of the multi-strand combined support device It ensures that the steel strand still maintains the original elongation after the "integration of anchoring and injection", and can adapt to the continuous long-term nonlinear deformation of the surrounding rock.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种多钢绞线组合支护装置控制大松动圈巷道变形的方法，其控制步骤如下：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for controlling the deformation of a roadway with a large loose circle by a multi-steel strand combined support device, the control steps of which are as follows:
步骤一，确定巷道围岩破坏状况，待巷道经受多次动压影响发生严重变形并趋于稳定后，通过钻孔窥视、超声测试等多种方法联合确定巷道围岩松动圈最大半径RStep 1. Determine the damage condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway. After the roadway has undergone severe deformation and tends to be stable under the influence of multiple dynamic pressures, the maximum radius R of the loosening circle of the surrounding rock of the roadway is jointly determined by various methods such as drilling peeps and ultrasonic testing. 11 和塑性区最大半径Rand the maximum radius R of the plastic zone 22 ；;
步骤二，构建巷道围岩浅部承载圈，扩刷巷道至设计尺寸，采用锚杆、金属网、钢带、注浆锚杆进行“锚网带”联合支护，喷射混凝土A封闭围岩，混凝土浆层保养7d后由巷道底脚开始向上依次向注浆锚杆注入浆液B对围岩进行浅孔注浆；Step 2: Construct the shallow bearing circle of the surrounding rock of the roadway, expand the roadway to the design size, use anchor rods, metal mesh, steel belts, and grouted anchor rods for joint support of "anchor-mesh belt", and spray concrete A to seal the surrounding rock. After the concrete slurry layer is maintained for 7 days, the grout B is injected into the grouting bolt from the foot of the roadway upwards to perform shallow hole grouting on the surrounding rock;
步骤三，调动深部弹性态围岩承载能力，利用钻机C施工钻孔，安装多钢绞线组合支护装置，接通注浆管注入浆液B对多钢绞线组合支护装置进行锚固，同时对围岩进行深孔注浆，待浆液B固结稳定后同步张拉并锁紧多根钢绞线。Step 3: mobilize the bearing capacity of the deep elastic surrounding rock, use drilling rig C to drill holes, install the multi-steel strand combined support device, connect the grouting pipe and inject grout B to anchor the multi-steel strand combined support device, and at the same time Deep-hole grouting is carried out on the surrounding rock, and multiple steel strands are simultaneously stretched and locked after the grout B is consolidated and stabilized.
所述的松动圈最大半径RThe maximum radius R of the loose ring 11 与等效开挖半径R满足关系式“Rand the equivalent excavation radius R satisfy the relationship "R 11 -R≥2000mm”时，利用上述方法控制巷道围岩变形较为合理，否则易造成巷道支护强度过剩；When -R≥2000mm", it is more reasonable to use the above method to control the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, otherwise it will easily cause excess roadway support strength;
所述锚杆为高强度左旋无纵筋高强度螺纹钢锚杆，直径ΦThe anchor rod is a high-strength left-handed high-strength threaded steel anchor rod without longitudinal reinforcement, with a diameter of Φ 11 =20~25mm，长度L=20~25mm, length L 11 =2400~3000mm，间距m=2400~3000mm, spacing m 11 =800~1000mm，排距n=800~1000mm, row spacing n 11 =800~1000mm，预紧力矩M≥300N·m；所述金属网由??6mm钢筋焊接而成，网格规格为100×100mm；所述钢带型号为GRT-M4；所述注浆锚杆为普通中空注浆锚杆，直径Φ=800~1000mm, pre-tightening moment M≥300N m; the metal mesh is welded by ? The rod is an ordinary hollow grouting anchor rod with a diameter of Φ 22 =20~25mm，长度L=20~25mm, length L 22 =2400~3000mm，间距m=2400~3000mm, spacing m 22 =m=m 11 ，排距n, row spacing n 22 =2n=2n 11 ，布置于两排锚杆中间，注浆压力P, arranged in the middle of two rows of bolts, the grouting pressure P 11 ≤1.5MPa；≤1.5MPa;
所述混凝土A的配比为水泥：黄沙：石子=1:2:2；所述浆液B在围岩为泥岩时采用化学浆液，一般条件下采用525The proportion of the concrete A is cement: yellow sand: gravel = 1:2:2; the slurry B uses chemical slurry when the surrounding rock is mudstone, and generally uses 525 ## 快硬硫铝酸盐水泥浆液，水灰比为0.85~1.0；所述混凝土浆层厚度H=100mm；Rapid hardening sulfoaluminate cement slurry, the water-cement ratio is 0.85~1.0; the thickness of the concrete slurry layer is H=100mm;
所述多钢绞线组合支护装置分为锚固段、自由段、密封段和外露段；该支护装置包括钢绞线，箍环，钢绞线套管，圆台状封孔胶套，多孔锁具，托板，耳片式密封胶套，注浆管，所述钢绞线的中心设置有注浆管，钢绞线外围设置有箍环，位于支护装置自由段的钢绞线外围吻合套装有钢绞线套管，使钢绞线与浆液隔离；位于支护装置密封段的钢绞线外围吻合套装有耳片式密封胶套及圆台状封孔胶套，外露段的钢绞线通过多孔锁具紧固在设置有膨胀螺丝孔的托板上；The multi-steel strand combined support device is divided into an anchor section, a free section, a sealing section and an exposed section; Locks, supporting plates, lug-type sealing rubber sleeves, grouting pipes, the center of the steel strands is provided with a grouting pipe, the periphery of the steel strands is provided with hoops, and the periphery of the steel strands located in the free section of the support device is anastomosed The suit is equipped with a steel strand sleeve to isolate the steel strand from the slurry; the steel strand at the sealing section of the support device is fitted with an ear-type sealing rubber sleeve and a circular table-shaped hole sealing rubber sleeve, and the steel strand at the exposed section It is fastened to the pallet provided with expansion screw holes through a porous lock;
所述多钢绞线组合支护装置的长度L与塑性区最大半径RThe length L and the maximum radius R of the plastic zone of the multi-steel strand combined support device 22 应满足关系式“3000mm≥L-RShould satisfy the relationship "3000mm≥L-R 22 ≥2000mm”，间距m≥2000mm", spacing m 33 =2000mm，排距n=2000mm, row spacing n 33 =2n=2n 11 ，布置于两排高强预应力锚杆中间，注浆压力P, arranged between two rows of high-strength prestressed bolts, the grouting pressure P 22 ≤2MPa；所述钻机C为ZL-500煤矿用坑道钻机；所述钻孔孔深L≤2MPa; the drilling rig C is ZL-500 mine tunnel drilling rig; the drilling depth is L 00 与多钢绞线组合支护装置的长度L应满足关系式“LThe length L of the support device combined with multiple steel strands should satisfy the relationship "L 00 ≈L-200mm”，孔径R≈L-200mm”, aperture R 00 由多钢绞线组合支护装置的径向尺寸和钻头型号共同决定。It is jointly determined by the radial size of the multi-strand combined support device and the type of the drill bit.
本发明的有益效果是：通过锚喷注联合支护构建围岩浅部承载圈对深部围岩变形提供较高的径向阻力；多钢绞线组合支护装置凭借自身在长度和强度上的优势，将浅部承载圈与深部弹性态围岩连为一体，较好地调动了深部弹性态围岩承载能力；多钢绞线组合支护装置自由段内浆液与钢绞线的隔离确保了“锚注一体化”后钢绞线仍保持原有延伸率，能够适应围岩的连续长时非线性变形。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the construction of the surrounding rock shallow bearing ring through the combined support of anchor injection can provide high radial resistance to the deformation of the deep surrounding rock; Advantages, the shallow bearing ring is integrated with the deep elastic surrounding rock, which better mobilizes the deep elastic surrounding rock bearing capacity; the isolation of the grout and the steel strand in the free section of the multi-strand combined support device ensures After the "integration of anchoring and injection", the steel strand still maintains the original elongation and can adapt to the continuous long-term nonlinear deformation of the surrounding rock.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是大松动圈巷道围岩破坏状况示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the failure state of the roadway surrounding rock in a large loose circle;
图2是大松动圈巷道“围岩-支护”结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the "surrounding rock-support" structure of the roadway with a large loose circle;
图3是图2中所示巷道“围岩-支护”结构以顶板中线为准的围岩表面平铺示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the paving of the surrounding rock surface of the roadway "surrounding rock-support" structure shown in Fig. 2 based on the center line of the roof;
图4是图2中所示多钢绞线组合支护装置6的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the multiple steel strand combined support device 6 shown in FIG. 2 .
图中：1.锚杆，2.金属网，3.钢带，4.注浆锚杆，5.混凝土浆层，6.多钢绞线组合支护装置，6-1.钢绞线，6-2.箍环，6-3.钢绞线套管，6-4.圆台状封孔胶套，6-5.多孔锁具，6-6.托板，6-7.耳片式密封胶套，6-8.注浆管，7.钻孔。In the figure: 1. Anchor rod, 2. Metal mesh, 3. Steel belt, 4. Grouting anchor rod, 5. Concrete slurry layer, 6. Multiple steel strand combined support device, 6-1. Steel strand, 6-2. Hoop ring, 6-3. Steel strand casing, 6-4. Cone-shaped sealing rubber sleeve, 6-5. Porous lock, 6-6. Support plate, 6-7. Ear seal Rubber sleeve, 6-8. Grouting pipe, 7. Drilling.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
在图中，一种多钢绞线组合支护装置控制大松动圈巷道变形的方法，实施步骤包括：通过多种方法联合确定巷道围岩破坏状况；通过“锚喷注”联合支护构建巷道围岩浅部承载圈；通过多钢绞线组合支护装置调动深部弹性态围岩承载能力；具体实施步骤如下：In the figure, a method for controlling the deformation of a roadway with a large loose circle by a multi-strand combined support device, the implementation steps include: jointly determining the damage status of the surrounding rock of the roadway through multiple methods; constructing the roadway through the joint support of "anchor injection" Shallow bearing circle of surrounding rock; mobilize the bearing capacity of deep elastic surrounding rock through multi-steel strand combined support device; the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. 在图1中，确定巷道围岩破坏状况1. In Figure 1, determine the damage status of the roadway surrounding rock
待巷道经受多次动压影响发生严重变形并趋于稳定后，通过全断面钻孔窥视、超声测试等多种方法联合确定巷道围岩松动圈最大半径RAfter the roadway undergoes severe deformation under the influence of multiple dynamic pressures and tends to be stable, the maximum radius R of the loosening circle of the surrounding rock of the roadway is jointly determined by various methods such as full-section drilling peeping and ultrasonic testing. 11 和塑性区最大半径Rand the maximum radius R of the plastic zone 2。2.
2. 在图2、图3中，构建巷道围岩浅部承载圈2. In Figure 2 and Figure 3, construct the shallow bearing circle of surrounding rock of the roadway
2.1. 确定浅部围岩“锚喷注”联合支护的详细参数；根据巷道围岩破坏状况对锚杆1、注浆锚杆4的长度、直径和间排距做出合理选择；锚杆1的长度L2.1. Determine the detailed parameters of the "anchor injection" combined support of the shallow surrounding rock; make a reasonable selection of the length, diameter and row spacing of the anchor 1 and the grouting anchor 4 according to the damage condition of the roadway surrounding rock; 1 length L 11 =2400~3000mm应尽可能大于数值“R=2400~3000mm should be greater than the value "R" 11 -R”，直径Φ-R", diameter Φ 11 =20~25mm随围岩破碎程度的加大而增大，间距m=20~25mm increases with the degree of surrounding rock fragmentation, the spacing m 11 =800~1000mm和排距n=800~1000mm and row spacing n 11 =800~1000mm随围岩破碎程度的加大而减小；注浆锚杆4的长度L=800~1000mm decreases with the increase of surrounding rock fragmentation degree; length L of grouting bolt 4 22 ≈L≈L 11 ，直径Φ, diameter Φ 22 =20~25mm随围岩破碎程度的加大而增大；=20~25mm increases with the increase of surrounding rock fragmentation degree;
2.2 将巷道断面扩刷至设计尺寸，按照设计参数进行锚网带支护施工，金属网2由??6mm钢筋焊接而成，网格规格为100×100mm；钢带3型号为GRT-M4；注浆锚杆4滞后锚杆1施工，锚杆1的预紧力矩M≥300N·m；2.2 Expand the section of the roadway to the design size, and carry out the anchor mesh belt support construction according to the design parameters. The metal mesh 2 is welded by ? The grouting bolt 4 lags behind the construction of the bolt 1, and the pre-tightening moment M of the bolt 1 is greater than or equal to 300N m;
2.3 喷射混凝土A封闭巷道围岩，混凝土A的配比为水泥：黄沙：石子=1:2:2，混凝土浆层5的厚度H=100mm；2.3 Shotcrete A closes the roadway surrounding rock, the proportion of concrete A is cement: yellow sand: stone = 1:2:2, and the thickness of concrete slurry layer 5 is H = 100mm;
2.4 对混凝土浆层5进行洒水保养7d后，由巷道底脚开始向上依次向注浆锚杆4注入浆液B对围岩进行浅孔注浆，待注浆压力P2.4 After watering and maintaining the concrete slurry layer 5 for 7 days, inject grout B into the grouting bolt 4 from the foot of the roadway upwards to perform shallow hole grouting on the surrounding rock, and wait until the grouting pressure P 11 达到1.5MPa后停止注浆；其中，浆液B在巷道围岩为泥岩时采用化学浆液，一般条件下采用525Stop grouting after reaching 1.5MPa; among them, grout B adopts chemical grout when the surrounding rock of the roadway is mudstone, and under normal conditions, it adopts 525 ## 快硬硫铝酸盐水泥浆液，水灰比为0.85~1.0。Rapid hardening sulfoaluminate cement slurry, the water-cement ratio is 0.85~1.0.
3. 在图2、图4中，调动深部弹性态围岩承载能力3. In Figure 2 and Figure 4, mobilize the bearing capacity of the deep elastic surrounding rock
3.1 根据围岩破坏状况确定多钢绞线组合支护装置6的钢绞线根数、长度L、钻孔7的深度L3.1 Determine the number of steel strands, the length L, and the depth L of the
3.2 施工钻孔7并安装多钢绞线组合支护装置6；采用钻机C(ZL-500煤矿用坑道钻机)施工钻孔7；依靠人力逐步将多钢绞线组合支护装置6推至孔底，并将耳片式密封胶套6-7和圆台状封孔胶套6-4(二者尺寸均与孔径R3.2
3.3 将注浆管6-8接通注浆管路注入浆液B对多钢绞线组合支护装置6进行锚固，同时对围岩进行深孔注浆，待注浆压力P3.3 Connect the grouting pipe 6-8 to the grouting pipeline and inject the grout B to anchor the multi-strand combined support device 6, and at the same time carry out deep hole grouting on the surrounding rock, until the grouting pressure P 22 达到2MPa后停止注浆；Stop grouting after reaching 2MPa;
3.4 张拉与锁紧，待浆液B固结稳定后，利用锚索张拉设备、多孔锁具6-5同步张拉并锁紧多根钢绞线6-1。3.4 Tensioning and locking. After the slurry B is consolidated and stabilized, use anchor cable tensioning equipment and porous locks 6-5 to synchronously tension and lock multiple steel strands 6-1.
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| CN105134249A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-09 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Gradual support method for large broken rock zone tunnel of mine |
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| CN108509746A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Exploring Loose Rock Country in Tunnels method of determining range |
| CN109736850B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2023-08-22 | 河南理工大学 | Roadway shell and arch combined strong bearing structure and construction method thereof |
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| CN112345647B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-23 | 中南大学 | A test method for loose circle of surrounding rock |
| CN112345647A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-02-09 | 中南大学 | Surrounding rock loosening ring test method |
| CN114439545A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-06 | 成都理工大学 | A differential unloading deformation blocking method for extremely high stress and large deformation |
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