CN108316941B - Broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway U-shaped steel canopy supporting method - Google Patents
Broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway U-shaped steel canopy supporting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108316941B CN108316941B CN201711387084.9A CN201711387084A CN108316941B CN 108316941 B CN108316941 B CN 108316941B CN 201711387084 A CN201711387084 A CN 201711387084A CN 108316941 B CN108316941 B CN 108316941B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
Abstract
The invention discloses a supporting method of broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway U-shaped steel sheds, which adopts a supporting method of anchor cables, metal nets, guniting, U-shaped steel sheds and grouting, firstly, an anchor net spraying layer is formed, the anchor net spraying layer has the function of preventing the surrounding rock from further weathering and deliquescing, so that loads of two sides and a top plate of the roadway uniformly act on a bracket to avoid stress concentration, thereby effectively controlling the rapid pressure deformation and the top plate collapse of the broken surrounding rock at the initial stage of roadway excavation, and finally forming an anchor net-spraying combined isolation arch on the surface of the roadway; secondly, a supporting rigid layer is formed between two layers of U-shaped steel, the structure can resist high-strength pressure and moderately give pressure, a double-layer supporting structure with rigidity and flexibility, the stability and the supporting strength of the broken soft rock surrounding rock of the roadway are greatly improved, certain guarantee is provided for safety production of a coal mine, a certain amount of roadway maintenance cost is reduced for enterprises, the development of the coal enterprises is greatly benefited, and the supporting rigid layer can be popularized and used in a large range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering roadway surrounding rock supporting, and relates to a U-shaped steel canopy supporting method for a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway.
Background
Research shows that the status of coal as the main energy source of China does not change fundamentally in a long time in the future. Along with the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources, the coal mining depth and the mining strength are continuously improved, and along with the increase of the coal mining depth, the deterioration of geological conditions, the increase of broken rock masses, the increase of ground stress, the increase of water head pressure, the rise of ground temperature and the like, the severity of the soft rock roadway mine pressure display is aggravated, and the soft rock roadway deformation and damage are serious. The deep rock body is in a complex mechanical environment of three-high one disturbance, so that surrounding rock stability of the coal mine deep soft rock roadway is subjected to multi-factor comprehensive action, and the problem of surrounding rock control is increasingly prominent. The soft rock roadway support is still an important and complex technical problem in the world mining and underground engineering nowadays, and the deep high-stress soft rock roadway support is an important research direction and is a key technology for expanding an old mine to the deep part and mining deep resources.
Among the patents that can be found in the published literature are: the method comprises the steps of providing a U-shaped steel composite supporting structure of a deep dynamic pressure soft rock roadway with the application number of 201710147579.8 and a construction method thereof, and providing a full-section closed deep-shallow coupling yielding bolting-grouting supporting method of a broken soft rock roadway with the application number of 201510637612.6. The two patents both provide methods for controlling deep broken and soft rock roadway surrounding rocks, but anchor net spraying is not carried out after roadway digging, but anchor rod drilling is directly carried out for anchor rod supporting, firstly, an anchor rope extrusion reinforcing arch is not formed, so that the supporting strength is weak and the surface protection capability is weak, secondly, the surrounding rocks are further weathered and deliquesced, so that the loads of two sides and a top plate of the roadway cannot be uniformly applied to a support, the phenomenon of stress concentration occurs, the rapid pressure deformation and the top plate collapse of the surrounding rock breakage at the initial stage of roadway excavation cannot be effectively controlled, and finally, the damage of the roadway is accelerated, so that the ideal effect cannot be achieved; the latter is not enough to adopt U-shaped steel to reinforce and support, which can lead to the short maintaining time of the roadway, thereby increasing the maintenance cost of the roadway and generating unnecessary economic expenditure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway U-shaped steel canopy supporting method, which can effectively solve the problems of the existing deep broken roadway surrounding rock supporting technology for soft rock. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps: after the roadway is tunneled, immediately knocking the side and asking the top, drilling anchor cable holes in a roadway top plate and surrounding rocks, installing anchor cables, hanging metal nets on the surrounding rock surface, laying a steel bar ladder in a right-angle crossed mode, installing anchor cable trays, enabling the anchor cable trays to penetrate through the anchor cables to compress the steel bar ladder and enable the steel bar ladder to reach a set pre-tightening force, and quickly forming a shallow anchor cable extrusion reinforcing arch with high supporting strength and surface protection capability;
step two: after the surrounding rock surface high-strength prestressed anchor cable is installed, spraying concrete on a top plate and two sides of the roadway to form an anchor net spraying layer, wherein the spraying thickness of the concrete is required to meet the purpose of sealing surrounding rock on the surface of the roadway and filling gaps between the steel bar ladder and the surrounding rock on the surface, so that an anchor net spraying combined isolating arch on the surface of the roadway is formed;
step three: the method comprises the following steps that an outer layer U-shaped steel shed is adopted for supporting, the outer layer U-shaped steel support is a straight wall semicircular arch and is formed by connecting a plurality of U-shaped steels through clamping cables, and two adjacent U-shaped steel supports are connected and reinforced through steel rods and bolts;
step four: after the outer layer U-shaped steel sleeving shed is erected, the inner layer U-shaped steel sleeving shed is erected continuously in the same mode, the inner layer U-shaped steel support is also a straight wall semicircular arch and is formed by connecting a plurality of U-shaped steel through clamping cables, and two adjacent inner layer U-shaped steel supports are connected and reinforced through steel rods and bolts;
step five: after the two layers of U-shaped steel sheds are erected, hanging a reinforcing mesh on the inner layer of U-shaped steel sheds, and laying oil cloth;
step six: after a reinforcing mesh is hung on the inner layer U-shaped steel pergola and oilcloth is laid, grouting is carried out on the space between the two layers of erected U-shaped steel, and a concrete support formed by grouting and hardening is combined with the U-shaped steel to form a supporting rigid layer.
Preferably, in the first step, the length of the high-strength prestressed anchor cable is 6m, the spacing is 1200 × 1200mm, and the pretightening force is 55-80 KN; the steel bar ladder is welded, and the steel bar ladder has the specification of 12-14 mm in diameter and 80-100 mm in width.
Preferably, the thickness of the concrete anchor net spraying layer in the second step is 200mm; and in the sixth step, the thickness of the supporting rigid layer is 500mm.
Preferably, in the third step: a) The specification of the shed is that a No. 29U-shaped steel shed with the lower clear width multiplied by the middle clear height of 4279 multiplied by 3000mm is erected, the shed distance is 500mm, and the depth of a leg nest is 300mm; after covering the shed, the edge of the shed is spaced from the original roadway supporting section by 200mm, namely the thickness of the anchor net spraying layer is 200mm;
b) The shed sheathing requirements are that the shed distance deviation is less than 50mm, the torsion deviation is less than 50mm, the left and right height level deviation of the shed beam legs is less than 40mm, the angle of attack to the mountains meets the requirements, and the legs and feet of the shed legs are all erected on the solid bottom.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the grouting requires that the cement mortar mixing ratio is cement: sand =1, the proportion of the accelerator is 3-5% of the cement dosage, and the working compressed air for jet grouting is controlled at 0.15-0.18 Mpa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting a supporting method of anchor cables, metal nets, guniting, U-shaped steel shed sleeving and grouting, firstly forming an anchor net gunning layer which can prevent surrounding rocks from further weathering and deliquescing, enabling loads of two sides and a top plate of a roadway to uniformly act on a support to avoid stress concentration, thereby effectively controlling the rapid pressure deformation and the top plate collapse of the surrounding rocks during the initial excavation stage of the roadway and finally forming an anchor net gunning combined isolation arch on the surface of the roadway; secondly formed the one deck between two-layer U shaped steel and strutted the rigidity layer, this structure can high strength resistance to compression, again can moderate degree let the pressure, has formed "just gentle double-deck supporting construction who makes good with each other", has promoted the stability and the support intensity of broken soft rock tunnel country rock greatly, provides certain guarantee for the safety in production in colliery, has also reduced a certain amount of tunnel maintenance cost for the enterprise simultaneously, greatly helps the development of coal enterprise, can carry out using widely on a large scale.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a surrounding rock supporting structure of a roadway of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped steel shed support of the invention;
fig. 3 is a side view of fig. 2.
In the figure: 1-laneway; 2, anchor cable; 3-anchor cable trays; 4-a screw cap; 5-connecting a steel rod; 6-bolt; 7-clamping the cable; 8-outer U-shaped steel; 9-inner layer U-shaped steel; 10-reinforcing mesh; 11-tarpaulin; 12-concrete; 13-spraying the anchor net layer; 14-supporting a rigid layer; 15-metal mesh; 16-steel bar ladder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The invention provides a method for supporting a U-shaped steel canopy of a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the roadway 1 is tunneled, immediately knocking the upper and asking the top, drilling anchor cable holes on the top plate and surrounding rocks of the roadway 1, installing anchor cables 2 with stronger prestress, wherein the length of the anchor cables 2 with strong prestress is 6m, the interval pitch is 1200 multiplied by 1200mm, and the pretightening force is 55-80 KN; the method comprises the steps of hanging a metal net 15 on a rock surrounding surface, arranging steel bar ladders 16 in a right-angle crossed mode, welding the steel bar ladders 16, enabling the steel bar ladders 16 to pass through anchor cables 2 to compress the steel bar ladders 16 to reach a set pre-tightening force, and quickly forming an anchor cable extrusion reinforcing arch with high shallow supporting strength and strong surface protecting capability, wherein the diameter of the anchor cable tray 3 is 12-14 mm, and the width of the anchor cable tray is 80-100 mm.
Step two: after the installation of 2 high-strength prestressed anchor ropes on the surrounding rock face is completed, the concrete 12 is sprayed on the top plate and two sides of the roadway 1 to form an anchor net spraying layer 13, and the cement mortar mixing proportion is cement: sand =1, the proportion of the accelerator is 3-5% of the cement dosage, and the working compressed air for jet grouting is controlled at 0.15-0.18 Mpa. The spraying thickness of the concrete 12 is required to meet the purpose of sealing the surrounding rock on the surface of the roadway 1 and filling a gap between the steel bar ladder 16 and the surrounding rock on the surface, and the thickness of the anchor net spraying layer 13 is 200mm, so that the further weathering and deliquescence of the surrounding rock can be prevented, the loads of two sides and a top plate of the roadway 1 uniformly act on a bracket to avoid the phenomenon of stress concentration, and therefore the rapid pressure deformation and the top plate collapse of the surrounding rock breakage at the initial excavation stage of the roadway 1 can be effectively controlled, and finally the anchor net spraying combined isolation arch on the surface of the roadway is formed;
step three: after the anchor net spraying combined isolation arch on the surface of the roadway is formed, supporting by using an outer layer U-shaped steel 8 shed, wherein the outer layer U-shaped steel 8 support is a straight wall semicircular arch, and is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of outer layer U-shaped steels 8 through clamping cables 7, and the outer layer U-shaped steels 8 are further connected and reinforced through connecting steel rods 5 and bolts 6, as shown in fig. 3; the specification of the shed is that a No. 29U-shaped steel shed with the lower clear width multiplied by the middle clear height of 4279 multiplied by 3000mm is adopted for erection, the shed distance is 500mm, and the depth of a leg nest is 300mm; the distance between the edge of the shed and the supporting section of the original roadway is 200mm, namely the thickness of the anchor net sprayed layer is 200mm; the shed sheathing requirements are that shed distance deviation cannot be larger than 50mm, torsion deviation cannot exceed 50mm, left and right height level deviation of shed beam legs cannot exceed 40mm, the angle of attack to the mountain meets the requirements, and shed leg legs and feet are all erected on the solid bottom;
step four: when an outer layer U-shaped steel 8 shed is erected, inner layer U-shaped steel 9 sheds are erected continuously in the same mode, inner layer U-shaped steel 9 supports are also straight-wall semicircular arches and are formed by connecting a plurality of inner layer U-shaped steels 9 through clamping cables 7, and every two inner layer U-shaped steels 9 are connected and reinforced through connecting steel rods 5 and bolts 6;
step five: after the two layers of U-shaped steel sheds are erected, hanging a reinforcing mesh 10 on the inner layer of U-shaped steel 9 sheds and laying tarpaulin 11;
step six: after the reinforcing mesh 10 on the inner layer U-shaped steel 9 shed is hung and the tarpaulin 11 is laid, 50cm thick grouting can be carried out on the space between the two layers of the erected U-shaped steel, and a concrete support formed by hardening the 50cm thick grouting and the U-shaped steel are combined to form a supporting rigid layer 14.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for supporting a U-shaped steel canopy of a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the roadway is tunneled, immediately knocking the side and asking the top, drilling anchor cable holes in a roadway top plate and surrounding rocks, installing anchor cables, hanging metal nets on the surrounding rock surface, laying a steel bar ladder in a right-angle crossed mode, installing anchor cable trays, enabling the anchor cable trays to penetrate through the anchor cables to compress the steel bar ladder and enable the steel bar ladder to reach a set pre-tightening force, and quickly forming a shallow anchor cable extrusion reinforcing arch with high supporting strength and surface protection capability;
step two: after the surrounding rock surface high-strength prestressed anchor cable is installed, spraying concrete on a top plate and two sides of the roadway to form an anchor net spraying layer, wherein the spraying thickness of the concrete is required to meet the purpose of sealing surrounding rock on the surface of the roadway and filling gaps between the steel bar ladder and the surrounding rock on the surface, so that an anchor net spraying combined isolating arch on the surface of the roadway is formed;
step three: the outer layer U-shaped steel is supported by a shed, the outer layer U-shaped steel support is a straight wall semicircular arch and is formed by connecting a plurality of outer layer U-shaped steels through clamping cables, and two adjacent outer layer U-shaped steel supports are connected and reinforced through steel rods and bolts;
step four: after the outer layer U-shaped steel sleeving shed is erected, the inner layer U-shaped steel sleeving shed is erected continuously in the same mode, the inner layer U-shaped steel support is also in a straight wall semicircular arch shape and is formed by connecting a plurality of inner layer U-shaped steels through clamping cables, and two adjacent inner layer U-shaped steel supports are connected and reinforced through steel rods and bolts;
step five: after the two layers of U-shaped steel sheds are erected, hanging a reinforcing mesh on the inner layer of U-shaped steel sheds, and laying oil cloth;
step six: after the reinforcing mesh is hung on the inner layer U-shaped steel pergola and the tarpaulin is laid, grouting is carried out on the space between the two layers of the erected U-shaped steel, and the concrete support formed by grouting and hardening is combined with the U-shaped steel to form a supporting rigid layer.
2. The method for supporting a U-shaped steel canopy in a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the length of the high-strength prestressed anchor cable is 6m, the pitch is 1200 multiplied by 1200mm, and the pretightening force is 55-80 KN; the steel bar ladder is welded, and the steel bar ladder has the specification of 12-14 mm in diameter and 80-100 mm in width.
3. The method for supporting a U-shaped steel canopy in a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the concrete anchor net spraying layer in the second step is 200mm; and in the sixth step, the thickness of the supporting rigid layer is 500mm.
4. The method for supporting a U-shaped steel canopy in a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the first step is that,
a) The specification of the shed is that a No. 29U-shaped steel shed with the lower clear width multiplied by the middle clear height of 4279 multiplied by 3000mm is erected, the shed distance is 500mm, and the depth of a leg nest is 300mm; the distance between the edge of the shed and the supporting section of the original roadway is 200mm, namely the thickness of the anchor net sprayed layer is 200mm;
b) The shed sheathing requirements are that the shed distance deviation is less than 50mm, the torsion deviation is less than 50mm, the left and right height level deviation of the shed beam legs is less than 40mm, the angle of attack to the mountains meets the requirements, and the legs and feet of the shed legs are all erected on the solid bottom.
5. The method for supporting a U-shaped steel canopy in a broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the grouting requires that the cement mortar is cement in the following mixing ratio: sand =1, the proportion of the accelerator is 3-5% of the cement dosage, and the working compressed air for jet grouting is controlled at 0.15-0.18 Mpa.
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