CN105134249B - The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine - Google Patents
The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN105134249B CN105134249B CN201510650180.2A CN201510650180A CN105134249B CN 105134249 B CN105134249 B CN 105134249B CN 201510650180 A CN201510650180 A CN 201510650180A CN 105134249 B CN105134249 B CN 105134249B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine, comprise the following steps：(1) just spray；(2) bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder are hung, grouted anchor bar is installed in then perforating；(3) measuring point is selected according to tunnel geological conditions, the system of multipoint displacement meter, camera system or other detection relaxation zones is installed in perforating at measuring point, and installs section convergence instrument；(4) situation is monitored according to drift section, big position supplement is deformed to drift section anchor pole is installed；(5) after the thickness of relaxation zone is more than the length of grouted anchor bar, grouting cable anchor is installed in perforating；(6) multiple spray；(7) country rock superficial part slip casting；(8) country rock deep slip casting；The present invention, using corresponding supporting means so that roadway surrounding rock forms stable supporting construction, it is ensured that the safe handling of mine, can reduce support cost targetedly according to the state of development of tunnel relaxation zone.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surrounding rock supporting method, more particularly to a kind of big gradual supporting side in relaxation zone tunnel of mine
Method.
Background technology
After mine laneway is excavated, its country rock becomes two to stress state from original three-dimensional stress state, country rock it is strong
Spend (referring mainly to long-term strength) will step-down, and its suffered stress can because ambient stress redistribute and increase (produce concentrate answer
Power).If stress suffered by country rock has exceeded its intensity, country rock will be produced in loosening, concentrated stress by destruction and moved, and continue broken
The bad country rock from lane space farther out, untill the intensity of country rock is higher than concentrated stress.Thus, generated in roadway surrounding rock
Certain loose range, the loose range that roadway surrounding rock is produced just is relaxation zone.Roadway surrounding rock loose range is bigger, because loosening production
Raw volumetric expansion is bigger (broken swollen), and roadway deformation is more serious.In other words, the relaxation zone in tunnel is bigger, and supporting is more difficult.
In general, mine laneway of the wall rock loosening ring thickness more than 2.2 meters is known as big relaxation zone tunnel.As subterranean resource is exploited
Shifted to deep, being pressed due to ground is increased, big relaxation zone tunnel is more and more.Due to current big relaxation zone roadway construction method not section
Learn, destroy very serious.For example, the development engineering in many collieries still can not be used safely by repeatedly maintenance, support cost
Significantly raise.Therefore, the big relaxation zone laneway support method of the science of proposition is very necessary, and this is accomplished by first to tunnel
The forming process of the big relaxation zone of country rock has the understanding of science.
The big relaxation zone of roadway surrounding rock is gradually formed from scratch, from small to large.In general, thickness is more than 1.5m's
Relaxation zone will be by the 1-3 forming processes of individual month.Occurs the rock of stress redistribution around lane space because being influenceed by excavation
Body is referred to as country rock, the rock mass not influenceed by excavation referred to as protolith.Country rock is made up of four parts, and stress rise elastic ring, plasticity are hard
Change circle, plasticity softening circle and Plastic Flow circle.Relaxation zone belongs to a part for country rock, is typically made up of two parts：Plasticity softens
Circle and Plastic Flow circle.The forming process of the big relaxation zone in tunnel includes three processes connected each other, and one is as stress is raised
Elastic ring and hardening Plastic circle (this two parts is not belonging to the scope of relaxation zone, and with formed immediately after excavation) gradually to enclosing
Rock deep is moved, and plasticity softening circle slowly expands, and ultimately forms certain thickness Plastic Flow circle；Two be wall-rock crack gradually
Increase, increase and be mutually communicated to form fracture network, some microfissures, fine fisssure during hardening Plastic circle occur in stress rise elastic ring
Gap, which is continued to develop, expands and ultimately forms skid wire, the skid wire formation plane of fracture, crack development and insertion speed during plasticity softening circle
Degree is quick to be improved, bearing capacity declines rapidly, during Plastic Flow circle crack development and insertion slow, between crack sillar steady
Start the changing of the relative positions under fixed stress；Three be surrouding rock deformation, broken expansion and, stress rise elastic ring and plasticity crowded to space is excavated
Hardening corral rock mass product does not expand substantially, and plasticity softening corral rock mass product starts expansion, and Plastic Flow circle body product continues quick increase
Plus.
The content of the invention
In view of this, can it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine
Targetedly according to the state of development of tunnel relaxation zone, using corresponding supporting means so that roadway surrounding rock forms stable branch
Protection structure, it is ensured that the safe handling of mine, reduces support cost.
The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) after excavating, tunnel is carried out just to spray, the concrete spraying thickness degree that just spray is formed is not more than 50mm；
(2) after just spraying, bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder are hung under gib, grouted anchor bar, formation group are installed in then perforating
Close supporting；
(3) measuring point is selected according to tunnel geological conditions, the system of detection relaxation zone is installed in perforating at measuring point, and is pacified
Section convergence instrument is filled, to determine change and the drift section convergence situation of tunnel relaxation zone；
(4) situation is monitored according to drift section, big position supplement is deformed to drift section anchor pole is installed, make tunnel uniform
Convergence；
(5) after the thickness of relaxation zone is more than the length of grouted anchor bar, grouting cable anchor is installed in perforating；
(6) sprayed again when drift section stabilization, relaxation zone no longer expand, the concrete spraying layer that multiple spray is formed
Thickness cause bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer；
(7) after multiple pneumatically placed concrete hardening, country rock superficial part slip casting is carried out using the grouted anchor bar installed in step (2)；
(8) after the slip casting of country rock superficial part, country rock deep slip casting is carried out using the grouting cable anchor installed in step (5).
Further, in step (2) grouting cable anchor in the grouted anchor bar and/or step (5) includes anchor body
And the spreader mechanism of anchor body anchoring section is located at, the free segment of the anchor body is provided with injected hole；The spreader mechanism includes expansion sleeve
With draw swollen part, the anchor body is connected after passing through expansion sleeve with drawing swollen part；Rock mass deformation is to anchor body and draws swollen part generation axial tension
When draw swollen part to expansion sleeve formation extrude so that expansion sleeve produce radial deformation and expand.
Further, the grouted anchor bar and/or the grouting cable anchor also include isolating cylinder, and the top of the isolating cylinder is sealed
Close, bottom is provided with opening, and the isolating cylinder is enclosed on outside expansion sleeve.
Further, it is described to draw swollen part in up big and down small frustum, and the big portion's diameter for drawing swollen part is more than expansion
The internal diameter of set, small portion's diameter are less than the internal diameter of expansion sleeve；Opening is equipped with the top and bottom of the expansion sleeve, and it is described swollen
The wall of expansion set is provided with the movement joint extended since its top open part.
Further, the wall of the expansion sleeve is provided with least two along its axially extending movement joint, each movement joint
It is uniformly distributed along the circumference of expansion sleeve.
Further, the grouted anchor bar and/or the grouting cable anchor also include being sleeved on anchor body for closely connected in scar
Pallet and regulating part for adjusting pretightning force, the regulating part compresses axially to pallet formation.
Further, in step (1), and the steel fiber reinforced concrete that the concrete used is not less than C25 for intensity is just sprayed；
In step (6), the thickness for the concrete spraying layer that multiple spray is formed causes bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer.
Further, in step (2), bar diameter is 6mm-12mm, and the reinforcing bar of the bar-mat reinforcement in the bar-mat reinforcement
Spacing is not less than 100mm, and mesh form is square or rhombus；The steel bar ladder is that two length are not less than 2000mm, diameter not
Reinforcing bar less than 18mm is welded using high strength electrode, ladder width 50-100mm, solar away from equal to design anchor pole spacing, and
Using the welding method of two side by side.
Further, in step (2), the length of the grouted anchor bar is not less than 2000mm, roadway surrounding rock surface anchor pole branch
Shield intensity is not less than 0.15MP, and half of the prestressed not less than its anchor pole yield strength of anchor pole.
Further, in step (3), the system of the detection relaxation zone includes multipoint displacement meter or borehole camera system.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine of the present invention, softens in plasticity and encloses
Forming process in, using suspension roof support improve plasticity softening circle intensity, slow down Plastic Flow and iris out existing time and reduction
Plastic Flow circle thickness；When relaxation zone thickness exceedes rock-bolt length, relaxation zone and big structure (are referred mainly to stress using anchor cable
Rise elastic ring and hardening Plastic circle) connect；After relaxation zone is basicly stable, using slip casting the rock crushed in relaxation zone
Block is cementing, forms an entirety with some strength；It is final to make roadway surrounding rock one bistable structure of formation, i.e., by answering
Natural supporting construction (big structure) and formed in relaxation zone that power rise elastic ring, hardening Plastic circle and plasticity softening circle are formed
Artificial supporting construction (small structure)；So as to targetedly according to the state of development of tunnel relaxation zone, using corresponding
Supporting means are so that roadway surrounding rock forms stable supporting construction, it is ensured that the safe handling of mine, reduce support cost.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of grouted anchor bar and grouting cable anchor in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of grouted anchor bar and grouting cable anchor in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 3 is the front view of expansion sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention one, two；
Fig. 4 is the left view of expansion sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention one, two；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of grouted anchor bar and grouting cable anchor in the embodiment of the present invention three；
Fig. 6 is the front view of expansion sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention three；
Fig. 7 is the left view of expansion sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention three.
Embodiment
The supporting principle that the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine of the present invention should be observed：The big relaxation zone lane of mine
Road supporting observes 24 word supporting principles and " Wide Band Oxygen Sensors, sternly harnesses the river, few disturbance and time control, strong supporting, coordinate to become, diligent measure, tightly seal
Close "." Wide Band Oxygen Sensors ", big relaxation zone drift section contraction distortion is inevitable, so to be reserved in tunnel section design
Shrink space, suitably amplifies drift section." sternly harnessing the river ", big relaxation zone roadway surrounding rock is easily influenceed by water, to be used in advance
The methods such as closure, water guide administer flood, prevent country rock from being influenceed by water." few disturbance ", utilizes pickaxe, pneumatic pick or mechanical equivalent of light excavation as far as possible
Method；When must blow out, presplit blasting or photoface exploision are used；It is appropriate to reduce cyclic advance amount." and time control ", using spray
Slurry, at once advanced gib, the timely controlroof of method such as installation anchor pole；Anchor rod prestress is not less than the one of anchor rod strength
Half." strong supporting ", suitably increases supporting intensity, prevents country rock from producing injurious deformation." coordinating to become ", the deformation of support material in itself
The deformation of roadway surrounding rock is adapted to, support material has ductility." duty is measured ", by measuring, understands roadway surrounding rock in time
Deformation, absciss layer, Crack change situations such as, it will further recognize that the working resistance of support material, deflection, and changed according to measurement
Become supporting means." closely closing ", closes country rock in time, prevents country rock weathering and the influence of water, it is important to note that closed bottom and
Bottom plate is controlled, the measure that have closed bottom and control bottom plate.
When being excavated, " few disturbance " principle is observed in excavation method, selects the excavation method small to surrounding rock failure, such as hand
Work is excavated, mechanical equivalent of light excavation, it is necessary to when blowing out, to use photoface exploision, presplit blasting；Circulation excavates drilling depth no more than 1 meter.Open
During digging, in addition it is also necessary to note it is following some：(1) mine permanent openings preferably uses arch, circular or elliptical section, crowned section
When, bottom plate preferably uses antiarch；(2) Section Design will consider the contraction distortion of country rock, i.e., in accordance with " Wide Band Oxygen Sensors " principle；(3) working face
When having water, to be blockaded using slip casting, the method such as walkthrough is harnessed the river in advance；(4) rock is especially crushed not from the tunnel of steady time,
Pretensioned girder.
Embodiment one
The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
(1) carry out just spraying on the wall rock loosening ring surface of tunnelling section, the concrete spraying thickness degree that just spray is formed
No more than 50mm；After excavation, in accordance with " early supporting " principle, a layer concrete is sprayed at once；Concrete strength is not less than C25, is steel
Fiber concrete, to improve the tensile strength of concrete；In addition, should also observe the principle of " tight closing ", as early as possible using spraying coagulation
Native closed bottom.
(2) after just spraying, bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder are laid under strong gib at once, anchor is installed in then perforating
Bar, forms the combination supporting of " bar-mat reinforcement+steel bar ladder+anchor pole ".First hang bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder in the middle part of top plate, symmetrical, peace
Fill roofbolt；And helped and bottom plate progress to two successively according to this.Bar-mat reinforcement bar diameter is 6-12mm, and bar spacing is not less than
100mm, mesh form is square or rhombus.Steel bar ladder is the reinforcing bar that two length are not less than 18mm not less than 2000mm, diameter
Welded using high strength electrode, ladder width 50-100mm, solar is away from equal to design anchor pole spacing, and using side by side two
The welding method of (two spacing are 20mm-40mm).Rock-bolt length is not less than 2000mm, roadway surrounding rock surface Anchoring Strength of Rock Bolts
It is not less than 0.15MP, prestressed is not less than the half of anchor pole yield strength.When anchor pole is installed, a number of anchor pole is chosen
Anchor ergometer is installed.The purpose of the step is to form an artificial supporting construction (brief summary that can control to produce injurious deformation
Structure).
(3) measuring point is selected according to tunnel geological conditions, relaxation zone determining instrument and section convergence is installed at measuring point
Monitoring instrument helps the change with the relaxation zone of top plate and section variation to monitor two；According to tunnel geological conditions, measuring point is determined
Spacing, each measuring point will at least be helped to make a call to three eyes with top plate two, and relaxation zone thickness change with top plate is helped to determine two；When
When geological conditions changes, suitably increase measuring point；Purpose is the convergence for the development and drift section for understanding tunnel relaxation zone at any time
Situation, the engineering time is carried out immediately after grouted anchor bar is installed；Using multipoint displacement meter, borehole camera system or other loosenings
Circle measurement system understands the state of development of relaxation zone at any time；Measure roof to floor convergence, two help the amount of shifting near and grouted anchor bar (slip casting
Anchor cable) stress and span can also understand the development of relaxation zone indirectly.
(4) monitored according to drift section, big position complement anchor pole is deformed to drift section；The step is optional step,
If drift section shrinks uniform, complement anchor pole is not needed；Purpose is to make tunnel uniform convergence, and the engineering time receives according to section
Hold back the determination of monitoring situation；As for the standard of " deformation big ", then need depending on technical staff combines construction reference as the case may be,
It is not limited herein；Anchor pole in the step can be common bolt, without to have the slip casting anchor of specific structure in step (2)
Bar.
(5) after relaxation zone thickness is more than rock-bolt length, anchor cable is installed in perforating, and anchor cable uses grouting cable anchor.When estimated pine
When moving-coil thickness is more than 3 meters, the big hollow grouting cable anchor of extension of concealed should be used；When relaxation zone thickness is less than 3 meters, it can make
With general hollow grouting cable anchor.The purpose of the step is to connect nature supporting construction and artificial support structure by anchor cable.
(6) sprayed again when drift section stabilization, relaxation zone no longer expand, the concrete spraying layer that multiple spray is formed
Thickness cause bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer；The concrete used is sprayed again is not less than C25's for intensity
Concrete；Multiple spray can bring preferable supporting effect, and one is enclosing tunnel, and two be outside running pulp liquid, three when preventing follow-up slip casting
It is to ensure that tunnel forms a good section configuration.
(7) after multiple pneumatically placed concrete hardening, country rock superficial part slip casting is carried out using the grouted anchor bar installed in step (2)；
(8) after the slip casting of country rock superficial part, country rock deep slip casting is carried out using the grouting cable anchor installed in step (5)；Injecting cement paste
It is an entirety that the relaxation zone in tunnel can be made cementing, improves cohesive force, internal friction angle and the modulus of elasticity of relaxation zone rock mass and residual
Residual strength；Injecting cement paste and anchoring body together, can form a more effective built-up arch, expand effective carrying model of supporting construction
Enclose, improve the globality and bearing capacity of supporting construction；Country rock good integrity after slip casting, an entirety is formed with protolith,
Destruction is not likely to produce so as to keep stable under macrotectonics stress；, can thus by superficial part slip casting and deep slip casting
Increase the stability of supporting construction, prevent the weathering of country rock.
As shown in Fig. 1,3,4：In the present embodiment, the note in the grouted anchor bar and step (5) in step (2)
Slurry anchor cable is that the big extension anchor structure of totally-enclosed anchoring section, i.e. grouted anchor bar and grouting cable anchor include anchor body 1 and be located at anchor
The spreader mechanism of the anchoring section of body 1；The spreader mechanism includes isolating cylinder 2 and the expansion sleeve 3 being located in isolating cylinder 2 and draws swollen part 4,
The anchor body 1 stretches into isolating cylinder 2 and is connected after passing through expansion sleeve 3 with drawing swollen part 4；Rock mass deformation is to anchor body 1 and draws swollen part 4 and produces
Draw swollen part 4 during axial tension to the formation radial compression of expansion sleeve 3 so that expansion sleeve 3 produces radial deformation and expanded；Anchor body 1 can
For anchor rod body or anchor cable；The inwall of expansion sleeve 3 can be held when by radial compression by " support ", so that expansion sleeve 3
Produce expansion effect；When large deformation occurs in rock mass, anchor body 1, which drives, draws axial movement of the swollen part 4 along expansion sleeve 3 and extrusion expansion
The inwall of set 3, expansion sleeve 3 produces radial deformation and expanded so that anchor body 1 can further be moved along expansion sleeve 3, increased deformation
Amount is big (for big extension), can allow country rock large deformation, and spreader mechanism is located at anchoring section, will not reduce making for underground engineering
Use section；Expansion sleeve 3 and Anchor Agent can be effectively isolated by isolating cylinder 2；Expansion sleeve 3 is located in isolating cylinder 2, is full-closed structure；
The top and bottom of the expansion sleeve 3 are equipped with opening, and the wall of the expansion sleeve 3 is provided with since its top open part
The movement joint 3a of extension；The top of expansion sleeve 3 is close to anchor hole blind end；Movement joint 3a separates the wall of expansion sleeve 3 so that swollen
The inwall of expansion set 3 can be deformed after by the extruding for drawing swollen part 4 and " support " is opened, simple in construction, the easy realization；The expansion
The wall of set 3 is provided with least two along its axially extending movement joint 3a, it is preferable that the wall of the expansion sleeve 3 is provided with four
Movement joint 3a, and circumferences of each movement joint 3a along expansion sleeve 3 be uniformly distributed；Movement joint 3a length determines extension length
Degree, the length of the movement joint 3a can be the 1/4-3/4 of the length of expansion sleeve 3, depending on specifically used demand；It is described to draw swollen part
4 be in up big and down small frustum, and the big portion's diameter for drawing swollen part 4 is more than the internal diameter of expansion sleeve 3, small portion's diameter less than swollen
The internal diameter of expansion set 3；It can be circular cone to draw swollen part 4, or side's cone, as long as expansion sleeve 3 can be caused to deform；Drawing swollen part 4 can
It is connected by the mode such as being spirally connected or welding with anchor body 1；It is up big and down small to refer to its cross section；Draw big portion's diameter of swollen part 4 i.e.
Its cross section diameter corresponding when maximum, small portion's diameter is diameter corresponding when its cross section is minimum；It can be one to draw swollen part 4
Individual member, can be assembled by multiple components；In original state, the outer wall for drawing swollen part 4 is against the top of expansion set
At opening；The top seal of the isolating cylinder 2, bottom are provided with opening, and the spreader mechanism also includes removably connecting
Keeper 41 in the bottom of isolating cylinder 2, the keeper 41 is provided with the anchor body via for being used for passing through for anchor body 1；Isolating cylinder 2
Top is close to anchor hole blind end；Keeper 41 can be by being spirally connected or welding manner is connected with isolating cylinder 2, on the one hand limitation expansion
The movement of set 3, another side prevents the improper spilling of Anchor Agent；Anchor body via is preferably located at the center of keeper 41；The present embodiment
In, the isolating cylinder 2 is made of elastoplast, so as to certain deformation, be capable of the deformation of Allowable expansion set 3；It is described
It is set with anchor body 1 for the closely connected pallet 5 in rock mass scar and the regulating part 6 for adjusting pretightning force, 6 pairs of the regulating part
The formation axial compression of pallet 5；Pallet 5, regulating part 6 use existing mechanism, and wherein regulating part can be to coordinate with the screw thread of anchor body 1
Nut, or other existing locksets, will not be repeated here；The anchor body 1 is (not show in figure provided with injected hole in free segment
Go out) anchor rod body or anchor cable；Anchor body 1 uses hollow structure, and grouting support can be carried out using injected hole.
Embodiment two
The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
(1) carry out just spraying on the wall rock loosening ring surface of tunnelling section, the concrete spraying thickness degree that just spray is formed
No more than 50mm；After excavation, in accordance with " early supporting " principle, a layer concrete is sprayed at once；Concrete strength is not less than C25, is steel
Fiber concrete, to improve the tensile strength of concrete；In addition, should also observe the principle of " tight closing ", as early as possible using spraying coagulation
Native closed bottom.
(2) after just spraying, bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder are laid under strong gib at once, anchor is installed in then perforating
Bar, forms the combination supporting of " bar-mat reinforcement+steel bar ladder+anchor pole ".First hang bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder in the middle part of top plate, symmetrical, peace
Fill roofbolt；And helped and bottom plate progress to two successively according to this.Bar-mat reinforcement bar diameter is 6~12mm, and bar spacing is not less than
100mm, mesh form is square or rhombus.Steel bar ladder is the reinforcing bar that two length are not less than 18mm not less than 2000mm, diameter
Welded using high strength electrode, ladder 50~100mm of width, solar is away from equal to design anchor pole spacing, and using side by side two
The welding method of (two spacing are 20mm~40mm).Rock-bolt length is not less than 2000mm, and the suspension roof support of roadway surrounding rock surface is strong
Degree is not less than 0.15MP, and prestressed is not less than the half of anchor pole yield strength.When anchor pole is installed, a number of anchor is chosen
Bar installs anchor ergometer.The purpose of the step is to form one the artificial supporting construction for producing injurious deformation can be controlled (small
Structure).
(3) measuring point is selected according to tunnel geological conditions, relaxation zone determining instrument and section convergence is installed at measuring point
Monitoring instrument helps the change with the relaxation zone of top plate and section variation to monitor two；According to tunnel geological conditions, measuring point is determined
Spacing, each measuring point will at least be helped to make a call to three eyes with top plate two, and relaxation zone thickness change with top plate is helped to determine two；When
When geological conditions changes, suitably increase measuring point；Purpose is the convergence for the development and drift section for understanding tunnel relaxation zone at any time
Situation, the engineering time is carried out immediately after grouted anchor bar is installed；Using multipoint displacement meter, borehole camera system or other loosenings
Circle measurement system understands the state of development of relaxation zone at any time；Measure roof to floor convergence, two help the amount of shifting near and grouted anchor bar (slip casting
Anchor cable) stress and span can also understand the development of relaxation zone indirectly.
(4) monitored according to drift section, big position complement anchor pole is deformed to drift section.The step is optional step,
If drift section shrinks uniform, it is not necessary to complement anchor pole.Purpose is to make tunnel uniform convergence, and the engineering time restrains according to section
Monitoring situation is determined；As for the standard of " deformation big ", then need depending on technical staff combines construction reference as the case may be,
This is not limited；Anchor pole in the step can be common bolt, without to have the slip casting anchor of specific structure in step (2)
Bar.
(5) after relaxation zone thickness is more than rock-bolt length, anchor cable is installed in perforating, and anchor cable uses grouting cable anchor.When estimated pine
When moving-coil thickness is more than 3 meters, the big hollow grouting cable anchor of extension of concealed should be used；When relaxation zone thickness is less than 3 meters, it can make
With general hollow grouting cable anchor.The purpose of the step is to connect nature supporting construction and artificial support structure by anchor cable.
(6) sprayed again when drift section stabilization, relaxation zone no longer expand, the concrete spraying layer that multiple spray is formed
Thickness cause bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer；The concrete used is sprayed again is not less than C25's for intensity
Concrete；Multiple spray can bring preferable supporting effect, and one is enclosing tunnel, and two be outside running pulp liquid, three when preventing follow-up slip casting
It is to ensure that tunnel forms a good section configuration.
(7) after multiple pneumatically placed concrete hardening, country rock superficial part slip casting is carried out using the grouted anchor bar installed in step (2).
(8) after the slip casting of country rock superficial part, country rock deep slip casting is carried out using the grouting cable anchor installed in step (5)；Injecting cement paste
It is an entirety that the relaxation zone in tunnel can be made cementing, improves cohesive force, internal friction angle and the modulus of elasticity of relaxation zone rock mass and residual
Residual strength；Injecting cement paste and anchoring body together, can form a more effective built-up arch, expand effective carrying model of supporting construction
Enclose, improve the globality and bearing capacity of supporting construction；Country rock good integrity after slip casting, an entirety is formed with protolith,
Destruction is not likely to produce so as to keep stable under macrotectonics stress；, can thus by superficial part slip casting and deep slip casting
Increase the stability of supporting construction, prevent the weathering of country rock.
As shown in Figure 2,3, 4：In the present embodiment, the note in the grouted anchor bar and step (5) in step (2)
Slurry anchor cable is that the big extension anchor structure of semiclosed anchoring section, i.e. grouted anchor bar and grouting cable anchor include anchor body 1 and be located at anchor
The spreader mechanism of the anchoring section of body 1；The spreader mechanism includes isolating cylinder 2, expansion sleeve 3, draws swollen part 4 and for preventing Anchor Agent stream
The sealing shroud 51 gone out, the isolating cylinder 2 is enclosed on outside expansion sleeve 3, the anchor body 1 sequentially pass through after sealing shroud 51 and expansion sleeve 3 with
Draw swollen part 4 to connect；Rock mass deformation draws swollen part 4 to anchor body 1 and when drawing the swollen generation of part 4 axial tension and the formation of expansion sleeve 3 is extruded, and makes
Expansion sleeve 3 is obtained to produce radial deformation and expand；Anchor body 1 can be anchor rod body or anchor cable；The inwall of expansion sleeve 3 by
It can be held during radial compression by " support ", so that expansion sleeve 3 produces expansion effect；When large deformation occurs in rock mass, anchor body 1, which drives, to be drawn
The inwall that is axially moved simultaneously extrusion expansion set 3 of the swollen part 4 along expansion sleeve 3, expansion sleeve 3 produces radial deformation and expanded so that anchor
Body 1 can further be moved along expansion sleeve 3, and increased deflection is big, can allow country rock large deformation (for big extension), and extend
Mechanism is located at anchoring section, will not reduce the use section of underground engineering；Sealing shroud 51 ensure that bonding quality while reducing anchor
Gu the waste of agent；The part of expansion sleeve 3 is located in isolating cylinder 2, is semi-closed structure；The top and bottom of the expansion sleeve 3 are all provided with
There are opening, and movement joint 3a of the wall provided with the extension since its top open part of the expansion sleeve 3；The top of expansion sleeve 3
Portion is close to anchor hole blind end；Movement joint 3a separates the wall of expansion sleeve 3 so that the inwall of expansion sleeve 3 is by drawing swollen part 4
It can be deformed after extruding and " support " is opened, this is simple in construction, easy to realize；The wall of the expansion sleeve 3 is provided with least two along its
Axially extending movement joint 3a, it is preferable that the wall of the expansion sleeve 3 is provided with four movement joint 3a, and each movement joint
Circumferences of the 3a along expansion sleeve 3 is uniformly distributed；Movement joint 3a length determines extended length, and the length of the movement joint 3a can be
The 1/4-3/4 of the length of expansion sleeve 3, depending on specifically used demand；It is described to draw swollen part 4 in up big and down small frustum, and
The big portion's diameter for drawing swollen part 4 is more than the internal diameter that the internal diameter of expansion sleeve 3, small portion's diameter are less than expansion sleeve 3；Drawing swollen part 4 can be
Circular cone, or side's cone, as long as expansion sleeve 3 can be caused to deform；Draw swollen part 4 can by be spirally connected, weld or one into
The modes such as type are connected with anchor body 1；It is up big and down small to refer to its cross section；Draw big portion's diameter of swollen part 4 i.e. its cross section it is maximum when
Corresponding diameter, small portion's diameter is diameter corresponding when its cross section is minimum；It can be an individual member, cocoa to draw swollen part 4
To be assembled by multiple components；In original state, the outer wall for drawing swollen part 4 is against the top open part of expansion set；It is described every
Top seal, bottom from cylinder 2 are provided with opening, and the isolating cylinder 2 is enclosed on outside movement joint 3a；The top of isolating cylinder 2 is close
Anchor hole blind end；In the present embodiment, the isolating cylinder 2 is made of elastoplast, so as to certain deformation, can allow
The deformation of expansion sleeve 3；It is set with the anchor body 1 for the closely connected pallet 5 in rock mass scar and the tune for adjusting pretightning force
Part 6 is saved, the regulating part 6 is compressed axially to the formation of pallet 5；Pallet 5, regulating part 6 use existing mechanism, wherein regulating part 6
It can be the nut with the cooperation of the screw thread of anchor body 1, or other existing locksets, will not be repeated here；The anchor body 1 is in free segment
Anchor rod body or anchor cable provided with injected hole (not shown)；Anchor body 1 uses hollow structure, can be entered using injected hole
Row grouting support.
Embodiment three
The big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
(1) carry out just spraying on the wall rock loosening ring surface of tunnelling section, the concrete spraying thickness degree that just spray is formed
No more than 50mm；After excavation, in accordance with " early supporting " principle, a layer concrete is sprayed at once；Concrete strength is not less than C25, is steel
Fiber concrete, to improve the tensile strength of concrete；In addition, should also observe the principle of " tight closing ", as early as possible using spraying coagulation
Native closed bottom.
(2) after just spraying, bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder are laid under strong gib at once, anchor is installed in then perforating
Bar, forms the combination supporting of " bar-mat reinforcement+steel bar ladder+anchor pole ".First hang bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder in the middle part of top plate, symmetrical, peace
Fill roofbolt；And helped and bottom plate progress to two successively according to this.Bar-mat reinforcement bar diameter is 6~12mm, and bar spacing is not less than
100mm, mesh form is square or rhombus.Steel bar ladder is the reinforcing bar that two length are not less than 18mm not less than 2000mm, diameter
Welded using high strength electrode, ladder 50~100mm of width, solar is away from equal to design anchor pole spacing, and using side by side two
The welding method of (two spacing are 20mm~40mm).Rock-bolt length is not less than 2000mm, and the suspension roof support of roadway surrounding rock surface is strong
Degree is not less than 0.15MP, and prestressed is not less than the half of anchor pole yield strength.When anchor pole is installed, a number of anchor is chosen
Bar installs anchor ergometer.The purpose of the step is to form one the artificial supporting construction for producing injurious deformation can be controlled (small
Structure).
(3) measuring point is selected according to tunnel geological conditions, relaxation zone determining instrument and section convergence is installed at measuring point
Monitoring instrument helps the change with the relaxation zone of top plate and section variation to monitor two；According to tunnel geological conditions, measuring point is determined
Spacing, each measuring point will at least be helped to make a call to three eyes with top plate two, and relaxation zone thickness change with top plate is helped to determine two；When
When geological conditions changes, suitably increase measuring point；Purpose is the convergence for the development and drift section for understanding tunnel relaxation zone at any time
Situation, the engineering time is carried out immediately after grouted anchor bar is installed；Using multipoint displacement meter, borehole camera system or other loosenings
Circle measurement system understands the state of development of relaxation zone at any time；Measure roof to floor convergence, two help the amount of shifting near and grouted anchor bar (slip casting
Anchor cable) stress and span can also understand the development of relaxation zone indirectly.
(4) monitored according to drift section, big position complement anchor pole is deformed to drift section.The step is optional step,
If drift section shrinks uniform, complement anchor pole is not needed.Purpose is to make tunnel uniform convergence, and the engineering time receives according to section
Hold back the determination of monitoring situation；As for the standard of " deformation big ", then need depending on technical staff combines construction reference as the case may be,
It is not limited herein；Anchor pole in the step can be common bolt, without to have the slip casting anchor of specific structure in step (2)
Bar.
(5) after relaxation zone thickness is more than rock-bolt length, anchor cable is installed in perforating, and anchor cable uses grouting cable anchor.When estimated pine
When moving-coil thickness is more than 3 meters, the big hollow grouting cable anchor of extension of concealed should be used；When relaxation zone thickness is less than 3 meters, it can make
With general hollow grouting cable anchor.The purpose of the step is to connect nature supporting construction and artificial support structure by anchor cable；
(6) sprayed again when drift section stabilization, relaxation zone no longer expand, the concrete spraying layer that multiple spray is formed
Thickness cause bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer；The concrete used is sprayed again is not less than C25's for intensity
Concrete；Multiple spray can bring preferable supporting effect, and one is enclosing tunnel, and two be outside running pulp liquid, three when preventing follow-up slip casting
It is to ensure that tunnel forms a good section configuration.
(7) after multiple pneumatically placed concrete hardening, country rock superficial part slip casting is carried out using the grouted anchor bar installed in step (2)；
(8) after the slip casting of country rock superficial part, country rock deep slip casting is carried out using the grouting cable anchor installed in step (5)；Injecting cement paste
It is an entirety that the relaxation zone in tunnel can be made cementing, improves cohesive force, internal friction angle and the modulus of elasticity of relaxation zone rock mass and residual
Residual strength；Injecting cement paste and anchoring body together, can form a more effective built-up arch, expand effective carrying model of supporting construction
Enclose, improve the globality and bearing capacity of supporting construction；Country rock good integrity after slip casting, an entirety is formed with protolith,
Destruction is not likely to produce so as to keep stable under macrotectonics stress；, can thus by superficial part slip casting and deep slip casting
Increase the stability of supporting construction, prevent the weathering of country rock.
As shown in Fig. 5,6,7：In the present embodiment, the note in the grouted anchor bar and step (5) in step (2)
Slurry anchor cable is that the big extension anchor structure of naked anchoring section, i.e. grouted anchor bar and grouting cable anchor include anchor body 1 and be located at anchor body 1
The spreader mechanism of anchoring section；The spreader mechanism includes expansion sleeve 2, draws swollen part 3 and the sealing shroud for preventing Anchor Agent from flowing out
51, the anchor body 1 is sequentially passed through after sealing shroud 51 and expansion sleeve 3 and is connected with drawing swollen part 4；Rock mass deformation is to anchor body 1 and draws swollen part 4
Draw swollen part 4 when producing axial tension to extrude the formation of expansion sleeve 3 so that expansion sleeve 3 produces radial deformation and expanded；Anchor body 1 can
For anchor rod body or anchor cable；The inwall of expansion sleeve 3 can be held when by radial compression by " support ", so that expansion sleeve 3
Produce expansion effect；When large deformation occurs in rock mass, anchor body 1, which drives, draws axial movement of the swollen part 4 along expansion sleeve 3 and extrusion expansion
The inwall of set 3, expansion sleeve 3 produces radial deformation and expanded so that anchor body 1 can further be moved along expansion sleeve 3, increased deformation
Amount is big, can allow country rock large deformation (for big extension), and spreader mechanism is located at anchoring section, will not reduce making for underground engineering
Use section；Sealing shroud 51 ensure that bonding quality while reducing the waste of Anchor Agent；Expansion sleeve 3 is contacted with Anchor Agent, middle
It is naked structure without isolated part；The top and bottom of the expansion sleeve 3 are equipped with opening, and the wall of the expansion sleeve 3
Provided with the movement joint 3a extended since its top open part；The top of expansion sleeve 3 is close to anchor hole blind end；Movement joint 3a will be swollen
The wall of expansion set 3 is separated so that the inwall of expansion sleeve 3 can be deformed after by the extruding for drawing swollen part 4 and " support " is opened, the structure
Simply, easily realize；The movement joint 3a is groove structure from the inwall of expansion sleeve 3 to outer wall depression that formed from；Due to swollen
The outer wall of expansion set 3 is in contact with Anchor Agent, and this structure is conducive to avoiding Anchor Agent from flowing into expansion sleeve 3, while not influenceing expansion
Realize；The wall of the expansion sleeve 3 is provided with least two along its axially extending movement joint 3a, it is preferable that the expansion sleeve 3
Wall is uniformly distributed provided with four movement joint 3a, and circumferences of each movement joint 3a along expansion sleeve 3；Movement joint 3a length
Extended length is determined, the length of the movement joint 3a can be the 1/5-4/5 of the length of expansion sleeve 3, according to specifically used demand
It is fixed；It is described to draw swollen part 4 in up big and down small frustum, and the big portion's diameter for drawing swollen part 4 be more than expansion sleeve 3 internal diameter,
Small portion's diameter is less than the internal diameter of expansion sleeve 3；It can be circular cone to draw swollen part 4, or side's cone, as long as expansion sleeve 3 can be caused to deform
；Drawing swollen part 4 can be connected by the mode such as being spirally connected, welding or be integrally formed with anchor body 1；It is up big and down small to refer to that its is transversal
Face；Draw big portion's diameter of swollen part 4 i.e. its cross section it is maximum when corresponding diameter, small portion's diameter is that institute is right when its cross section is minimum
The diameter answered；It can be an individual member to draw swollen part 4, can be assembled by multiple components；In original state, draw swollen part
4 outer wall is against the top open part of expansion set；It is described to draw swollen part 4 provided with the barrier film for being used to separate itself and Anchor Agent
(not shown), prevents that draw swollen part 4 is cohered by Anchor Agent；It is set with the anchor body 1 for closely connected in rock mass scar
Pallet 5 and the regulating part 6 for adjusting pretightning force, the regulating part 6 are compressed axially to the formation of pallet 5；Pallet 5, regulating part 6 are equal
Using existing mechanism, wherein regulating part 6 can be the nut coordinated with the screw thread of anchor body 1, or other existing locksets, herein no longer
Repeat；The anchor body 1 is the anchor rod body or anchor cable that injected hole (not shown) is provided with free segment；Anchor body 1 is adopted
With hollow structure, grouting support can be carried out using injected hole.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover at this
Among the right of invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) after excavating, tunnel is carried out just to spray, the concrete spraying thickness degree that just spray is formed is not more than 50mm；
(2) after just spraying, bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder are hung under gib, grouted anchor bar is installed in then perforating, forms combination branch
Shield；
(3) measuring point is selected according to tunnel geological conditions, the system that detection relaxation zone is installed in perforating at measuring point, and install disconnected
Face convergence instrument, to determine change and the drift section convergence situation of tunnel relaxation zone；
(4) situation is monitored according to drift section, big position supplement is deformed to drift section anchor pole is installed, tunnel is uniformly received
Hold back；
(5) after the thickness of relaxation zone is more than the length of grouted anchor bar, grouting cable anchor is installed in perforating；
(6) sprayed again when drift section stabilization, relaxation zone no longer expand, the thickness for the concrete spraying layer that multiple spray is formed
Degree causes bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer；
(7) after multiple pneumatically placed concrete hardening, country rock superficial part slip casting is carried out using the grouted anchor bar installed in step (2)；
(8) after the slip casting of country rock superficial part, country rock deep slip casting is carried out using the grouting cable anchor installed in step (5)；
The grouting cable anchor in the grouted anchor bar and/or step (5) in step (2) includes anchor body and is located at anchor body anchor
Gu the spreader mechanism of section, the free segment of the anchor body is provided with injected hole；The spreader mechanism includes expansion sleeve and draws swollen part, described
It is connected after anchor volume expansion set with drawing swollen part；Rock mass deformation draws swollen part to expansion sleeve shape to anchor body and when drawing swollen part generation axial tension
Into extruding so that expansion sleeve produces radial deformation and expanded.
2. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The slip casting anchor
Bar and/or the grouting cable anchor also include isolating cylinder, and the top seal of the isolating cylinder, bottom are provided with opening, and it is described every
From jacket casing outside expansion sleeve.
3. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described to draw swollen part
In up big and down small frustum, and the big portion's diameter for drawing swollen part is more than the internal diameter of expansion sleeve, small portion's diameter less than expansion
The internal diameter of set；It is equipped with opening at the top and bottom of the expansion sleeve, and the wall of the expansion sleeve is provided with from its top and opened
Start the movement joint of extension at mouthful.
4. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The expansion sleeve
Wall provided with least two along its axially extending movement joint, each movement joint is uniformly distributed along the circumference of expansion sleeve.
5. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The slip casting anchor
Bar and/or the grouting cable anchor also include being sleeved on anchor body be used for it is closely connected in the pallet of scar and tune for adjusting pretightning force
Part is saved, the regulating part is compressed axially to pallet formation.
6. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1)
In, just spray the steel fiber reinforced concrete that the concrete used is not less than C25 for intensity；In step (6), the concrete that multiple spray is formed
The thickness of gunite layer causes bar-mat reinforcement and steel bar ladder at least 20mm protective layer.
7. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2)
In, bar diameter is 6mm-12mm in the bar-mat reinforcement, and the bar spacing of the bar-mat reinforcement is not less than 100mm, mesh form
For square or rhombus；The steel bar ladder is that reinforcing bar of two length not less than 2000mm, diameter not less than 18mm uses high intensity
Welding rod is welded, ladder width 50-100mm, and solar is away from equal to design anchor pole spacing, and using the welding method of two side by side.
8. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2)
In, the length of the grouted anchor bar is not less than 2000mm, and roadway surrounding rock surface Anchoring Strength of Rock Bolts is not less than 0.15MP, and anchor
The prestressed of bar is not less than the half of its anchor pole yield strength.
9. the big gradual method for protecting support in relaxation zone tunnel of mine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3)
In, the system of the detection relaxation zone includes multipoint displacement meter or borehole camera system.
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| CN109404007A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of underground engineering support antiknock integration composite construction |
| CN111411983A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 中煤新集能源股份有限公司 | Repair process for improving compressive strength of underground coal mine roadway surrounding rock loosening ring |
| CN114673527B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-03-31 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Progressive roadway and tunnel broken surrounding rock reinforcing method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102278128A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2011-12-14 | 金诚信矿业管理股份有限公司 | High-stress poor rock roadway supporting process |
| CN103711507A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-04-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for controlling deformation of large broken rock zone roadway by using multi-steel stranded wire combined supporting device |
| CN104594919A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-06 | 山东科技大学 | Soft rock roadway buffering tapered double strong shell support system and construction method thereof |
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2015
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102278128A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2011-12-14 | 金诚信矿业管理股份有限公司 | High-stress poor rock roadway supporting process |
| CN103711507A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-04-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for controlling deformation of large broken rock zone roadway by using multi-steel stranded wire combined supporting device |
| CN104594919A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-06 | 山东科技大学 | Soft rock roadway buffering tapered double strong shell support system and construction method thereof |
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