CN103709011A - 苯酚羟基化的方法 - Google Patents
苯酚羟基化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/08—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/60—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions introducing directly hydroxy groups on a =CH-group belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring with the aid of other oxidants than molecular oxygen or their mixtures with molecular oxygen
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明提供一种苯酚羟基化的方法,在具有沸石骨架的固体催化剂存在下,使苯酚与过氧化氢反应形成二酚,其中,该固体催化剂包括氧化硅、氧化钛及氧化钴。本发明的固体催化剂用于制备二酚时,不需使用高浓度的过氧化氢即可具有极高的二酚转化率、选择率及较高的过氧化氢使用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯酚羟基化的方法,,特别涉及一种利用含钴的固体催化剂催化苯酚羟基化的方法。
背景技术
间苯二酚、对苯二酚及邻苯二酚依其性质不同,可应用于电子、医药、化学各产业,是重要的化工产品,广泛应用于显影剂、阻聚剂、皮肤美白剂、抗氧剂、杀菌剂、橡胶助剂、电镀添加剂、光稳定剂、染料、香料还原剂、特种墨水等有机合成工业。
通常,对苯二酚及邻苯二酚的制造是以过氧化氢作为氧化剂使苯酚羟基化而得,反应过程中通常添加催化剂以促进羟基化反应的进行。目前苯酚羟基化反应多使用沸石作为催化剂,其具有反应后催化剂与产物易分离的优点。较常使用的沸石包括TS-1、ZSM-5、β以及Y型分子筛,其中又以市售TS-1型分子筛效果较佳。
US 4,396,783公开在钛-硅固体催化剂中加入改性金属,以用于苯酚羟基化,但是,该专利实际上使用铁、铬或钒进行改性,进行苯酚羟基化反应的二酚产率为8.58%,对苯二酚/邻苯二酚(对/邻)比最高为0.6。
US 5,399,336则公开合成具有锡与锆的硅催化剂(S-1),再以70重量%(wt%)的过氧化氢进行苯酚羟基化反应。含锡的S-1催化下反应的苯二酚产率为27.5%,以含锆的S-1催化下反应的苯二酚产率为28%,两者均不仅有安全上的疑虑且均未显著提升苯二酚的产率。
GB 2116974公开一种以具MFI构造的TS-1固体催化剂作为苯酚羟基化的催化剂,所得的对/邻比为1,过氧化氢选择率为73.9%。同样的,EP0266825公开以含镓的TS-1固体催化剂进行苯酚羟基化反应,过氧化氢固体催化剂率为74.7%,对/邻比则为0.79。
由上可知,已知技术使用的固体催化剂在苯酚羟基化反应的应用上,仍存在二酚产物的对/邻比值低、过氧化氢选择率低的问题。
因此,开发一种提高产物的对/邻比以、二酚选择率及过氧化氢选择率的固体催化剂,实已为迫切待解的课题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种苯酚羟基化的方法,在溶剂和具有沸石骨架的固体催化剂存在下,使苯酚与过氧化氢反应形成二酚,其中,该固体催化剂包括氧化硅、氧化钛以及氧化钴。一具体实例中,本发明的方法所使用的固体催化剂具有MFI沸石骨架。
在优选实施方案中,本发明的方法所使用的固体催化剂是由钛源、硅源及钴源经水热反应而得,其中,钛源与硅源中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.01至0.05,钴源与硅源中钴与硅摩尔比为0.00001至0.002。
本发明的方法中,反应的温度范围为20至100℃,优选为30至80℃,更优选为50至70℃。在本发明的方法中,该过氧化氢与苯酚的摩尔比介于0.2至1,优选为0.25至0.8,更优选为0.33至0.6。
在本发明的方法中,以苯酚与过氧化氢的总重量计,本发明的固体催化剂含量介于0.5至10%,优选为1至8%,更优选为1.5至6.5%。溶剂则无特殊限制,通常是选自醇类、酮类、腈类、有机酸及水所组成的组中的一种或多种溶剂。
本发明的制备二酚的方法具有高过氧化氢利用率、高苯酚转化率、提高产物的对/邻比以及二酚选择率,适用于工业上的大量生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例2的固体催化剂的X-射线图谱;以及
图2是实施例5的固体催化剂的X-射线图谱。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,该领域技术人员可由本说明书所记载的内容轻易地了解本发明的优点及功效。本发明也可通过其它不同的实施方式加以施行或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可基于不同观点与应用,在不悖离本发明所记载的精神下赋予不同的修饰与变更。
一优选实施例中,本发明的固体催化剂由下述制法制得,该制法包括:在5℃下将硅源、钛源及模版剂混合均匀为一混合胶体后;将含钴化合物加入该混合胶体中,得到含钴混合胶体;将该含钴混合胶体进行水热处理;以及煅烧该经水热处理的含钴混合胶体以得到本发明的固体催化剂。在本发明的固体催化剂的制法中,该硅源和钛源中钛与硅摩尔比为0.01至0.05,该含钴化合物和硅源中钴与硅摩尔比为0.00001至0.002。并可控制固体催化剂中钛与硅摩尔比为0.01至0.05,钴与硅摩尔比为0.00001至0.002。
此外,本发明的固体催化剂的制法还可包括在形成含钴混合胶体后,在该含钴混合胶体中混入水或硅溶胶,再对混入水或硅溶胶的胶体混合物进行水热步骤。
在一实施方案中,所使用的硅源,包括,但不限于:硅酸四甲酯、硅酸四乙酯、硅酸四丙酯、硅酸四丁酯或其组合。硅源也可使用聚乙氧基硅烷,例如,ES-28(n=1~2)、ES-32(n=3~4)及ES-40(n=4~5)(制造厂商为Colcoat株式会社)。
本发明的固体催化剂的制法中所使用的钛源,包括,但不限于:钛酸四烷基酯。在优选实施方案中所使用的钛源包括,但不限于:钛酸四乙酯、钛酸四正丙酯、钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四正丁酯或其组合。
本发明的固体催化剂的制法中所使用的模板剂,包括,但不限于:四正丙基氢氧化铵、四正丁基氢氧化铵、四正丙基溴化铵、四正丁基溴化铵的水溶液或醇溶液,其中,该醇溶液包括具有1至5个碳原子的醇,例如,甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇及叔丁醇所组成的组中的一种或多种溶剂。
本发明的固体催化剂的制法中所使用的含钴化合物包括,但不限于:钴的烷氧化物、卤化盐或酸盐。例如,该钴的烷氧化物包括,但不限于:甲氧乙氧基钴;该钴的卤化盐包括,但不限于:氯化钴、溴化钴或其组合;该钴的酸根包括,但不限于:硝酸钴、碳酸钴、醋酸钴、乙酰丙酮酸钴或其组合。
以下通过特定的具体实施例进一步说明本发明的实施方式,该领域技术人员可由本说明书所记载的内容了解本发明的其它优点与功效。本发明的实施例如下所示,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
比较例1
此实例制备已知技术的钛-硅固体催化剂,作为比较例。
将250毫升(mL)的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00克(g)硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.46g钛酸四正丁酯至圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,而后取44g水逐滴加入搅拌1小时,接着再在室温下搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得比较催化剂(TS-1A)。
比较例2
此实例制备已知技术的钛-硅固体催化剂,作为比较例。
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.90g钛酸四正丁酯至圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,而后取44g水逐滴加入搅拌1小时,接着再在室温下搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得比较催化剂(TS-1B)。
本发明固体催化剂的制备
实施例1
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.46g钛酸四正丁酯置在圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,接着将0.0626g水合硝酸钴溶在44.00g水中形成钴源溶液,并将此钴源溶液逐滴加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时,接着在室温下再搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得本发明的固体催化剂(催化剂A),其中,该固体催化剂中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.02,钴与硅的摩尔比为0.001。
实施例2
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.46g钛酸四正丁酯置在圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,接着将0.0313g水合硝酸钴溶在44.00g水中形成钴源溶液,并将此钴源溶液逐滴加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时,接着在室温下再搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得固体催化剂(催化剂B),其中,该固体催化剂中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.02,钴与硅的摩尔比为0.0005,其X-Ray图谱如图1所示,经PDF(Powder Diffraction File)数据库比对,该催化剂B具有MFI结构。
实施例3
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.46g钛酸四正丁酯置在圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,接着将0.0063g水合硝酸钴溶在44.00g水中形成钴源溶液,并将此钴源溶液逐滴加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时,接着在室温下再搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得固体催化剂(催化剂C),其中,该固体催化剂中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.02,钴与硅的摩尔比为0.0001。
实施例4
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.90g钛酸四正丁酯置在圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,接着将0.0626g水合硝酸钴溶在44.00g水中形成钴源溶液,并将此钴源溶液逐滴加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时,接着在室温下再搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得固体催化剂(催化剂D),其中,该固体催化剂中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.026,钴与硅的摩尔比为0.001。
实施例5
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.90g钛酸四正丁酯置在圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,接着将0.0313g水合硝酸钴溶在44.00g水中形成钴源溶液,并将此钴源溶液逐滴加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时,接着在室温下再搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得本发明的固体催化剂(催化剂E),其中,该固体催化剂中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.026,钴与硅的摩尔比为0.0005,其X-Ray图谱如图2所示,经PDF数据库比对,该催化剂E具有MFI结构。
实施例6
将250mL的圆底烧瓶在真空系统中进行氮封,在5℃温度下加入30.00g硅酸四乙酯、56.00g四正丙基氢氧化铵溶液(含量20wt%)、1.90g钛酸四正丁酯置在圆底烧瓶中,并且搅拌1小时,接着将0.0063g水合硝酸钴溶在44.00g水中形成钴源溶液,并将此钴源溶液逐滴加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时,接着在室温下再搅拌1小时,最后在80℃下除醇2小时。取10.80gAS-40硅溶胶溶液分散在73g水中,形成分散液,并加入圆底烧瓶中搅拌1小时。将此经除醇的含分散液的胶体混合物封入聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢耐压罐中,在180℃进行水热处理120小时,将固体与液体分离后,固体部份以水洗至中性,在100℃干燥及550℃煅烧8小时,以获得本发明的固体催化剂(催化剂F),其中,该固体催化剂中钛与硅的摩尔比为0.026,钴与硅的摩尔比为0.0001。
实施例7苯酚羟基化
使用比较例1与实施例1至6制得的固体催化剂,进行苯酚羟基化反应,反应步骤如下:
取0.178摩尔(mol)苯酚、1.066mol纯水、1.844g催化剂在氮气下置入250mL三颈瓶中,温度升温至60℃,加入0.089mol 35%过氧化氢以泵浦进料共3小时,接着反应滞留3小时,待温度降至室温,分离反应液与催化剂,以气相色谱法分析反应液,结果显示于表1。
表1
固体催化剂 | Xph | Sdiph | SBQ | XH2O2 | SH2O2 | 对/邻比 |
TS-1A | 43.47 | 86.62 | 0.13 | 100.00 | 75.51 | 2.1 |
催化剂A | 41.09 | 92.27 | 3.04 | 100.00 | 75.61 | 3.0 |
催化剂B | 44.79 | 87.83 | 4.96 | 100.00 | 78.32 | 2.5 |
催化剂C | 43.31 | 95.94 | 2.16 | 99.95 | 82.79 | 2.2 |
催化剂D | 46.99 | 88.72 | 8.93 | 100.00 | 83.04 | 2.9 |
催化剂E | 48.28 | 95.77 | 3.39 | 100.00 | 92.13 | 2.4 |
催化剂F | 43.31 | 90.49 | 7.66 | 99.97 | 78.32 | 2.7 |
Xph=苯酚转化率=消耗苯酚摩尔数/苯酚进料摩尔数×100%;
Sdiph=二酚选择性=(生成对苯二酚摩尔数+生成邻苯二酚摩尔数)/消耗苯酚摩尔数×100%;
SBQ=苯醌选择性=生成苯醌摩尔数/消耗苯酚摩尔数×100%;
XH2O2=过氧化氢转化率=消耗过氧化氢摩尔数/过氧化氢进料摩尔数×100%;
SH2O2=过氧化氢选择率=生成二酚摩尔数/消耗过氧化氢摩尔数×100%;
对/邻比=对苯二酚/邻苯二酚比=生成对苯二酚摩尔数/生成邻苯二酚摩尔数。
实施例8苯酚羟基化
使用比较例2与实施例5制得的钛与硅摩尔比相同的固体催化剂,在不同温度下进行苯酚羟基化反应,反应步骤如下:
取0.178摩尔(mol)苯酚、1.066mol纯水、1.844g催化剂在氮气下置入250mL三颈瓶中,分别在温度55、65、70℃,加入0.089mol 35%过氧化氢以泵浦进料共3小时,接着反应滞留3小时,待温度降至室温,分离反应液与催化剂,以气象色谱法分析反应液,结果显示于表2。
表2
由上述实施例所示,本发明的固体催化剂,用于苯酚羟基化的方法,不需高浓度的过氧化氢,即可达到高苯酚转化率,并进一步提升二酚选择率及产物的对/邻比。本发明的含钴固体催化剂不仅降低使用高浓度过氧化氢的安全性疑虑,且具有更广的活性温度范围,达到提升生产效益的目的。
上述实施例仅例示说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何该领域技术人员均可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰与改变。因此,本发明的权利保护范围,应如权利要求书所列。
Claims (7)
1.一种苯酚羟基化的方法,在溶剂和固体催化剂存在下,使苯酚与过氧化氢反应形成二酚,其特征在于,所述固体催化剂具有沸石骨架,且所述固体催化剂包括氧化硅、氧化钛以及氧化钴。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述固体催化剂具有MFI沸石骨架。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述固体催化剂由钛源、硅源及钴源经水热反应而得,其中,钛源与硅源中钛与硅摩尔比为0.01至0.05,钴源与硅源中钴与硅摩尔比为0.00001至0.002。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述过氧化氢与苯酚的摩尔比为0.2至1。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,以所述苯酚与过氧化氢的总重量计,所述催化剂的含量为0.5%至10%。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应在20℃至100℃的温度下进行。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂是选自醇类、酮类、腈类、有机酸及水所组成的组中的一种或多种溶剂。
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US9133088B1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-09-15 | Yuan-Zhang Han | Process for hydroxylating phenolic substrate |
CN114057549B (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2024-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种同时制备苯酚和苯二酚的方法 |
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IT1213363B (it) | 1986-10-22 | 1989-12-20 | Eniricerche Spa | Materiale sintetico cristallino poroso contenente ossidi di silicio titanio e gallio. |
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CN101264453A (zh) * | 2008-03-10 | 2008-09-17 | 华东理工大学 | 一种钛硅分子筛/硅藻土复合催化剂及制备方法 |
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TW201414711A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
TWI471299B (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
CN103709011B (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
US9206101B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
US20140100392A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
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