CN103706016A - 对称末端急性用导管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了医用导管组件,其包括导管末端,所述导管末端联接至伸长的导管构件的远端端部,并且关于由伸长的导管构件的隔壁限定的平面对称。导管末端限定了第一腔和第二腔,并且导管末端在导管末端的远端部分中限定了第一开口和第二开口。导管末端的每个开口由导管末端的相应侧表面限定。每个开口与导管末端的第一腔和第二腔中的相应一个以及与由伸长的导管构件限定的一对腔中的相应一个处于流体连通。导管末端的上表面和下表面之间的距离由近端部分的远端端部朝向导管末端的封闭远端端部而减小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种导管组件,更特别地,涉及一种对称末端急性用导管。
背景技术
导管是用于将流体抽出和导入体腔、管道和血管的流体的柔性医学装置。导管在血液透析程序中具有特别的应用,其中血液被从血管抽出,以进行处理并且随后返回血管用于循环。血液透析导管可包括多腔例如双腔或三腔导管,其允许导管中的双向流体流动,其中一个腔,动脉腔,专用于抽出来自血管的血液,而另一个腔,静脉腔,专用于将净化过的血液返回到血管。在一些血液透析程序中,将多腔导管插入体内,并且将血液通过导管的动脉腔抽出。将抽出的血液引至一血液透析单元,其透析或净化血液从而移除废物和毒素。此后,透析过的血液通过导管的静脉腔返回至患者。
通常,血液透析导管从性质上分为慢性用的或急性用的。慢性用导管通常用于长时间地保持在位,并且可通过外科解剖而植入。急性用导管,比较而言,设计为在紧急情况下置于患者体内,在此情况下放置速度是所需要的。急性用导管通常用于仅保持在位几天。由此,基于放置的紧急性,急性用导管通常比慢性用导管更具刚性。
在血液透析导管中,当将从导管静脉腔流出的净化过的血液直接抽入动脉腔以使得净化过的血液返回到透析机时,可能发生再循环。因此,再循环增加了完成血液透析程序所需要的时间。
发明内容
本发明涉及对血液透析导管及与此一起使用的系统的进一步改进。导管组件包括伸长的导管构件和导管末端。伸长的导管构件包括隔壁,其限定一对内部腔每一个的至少一部分。导管末端联接至伸长的导管构件的远端端部,并且关于由隔壁限定的平面对称。导管末端包括远端部分和近端部分、上表面、下表面、以及位于上表面和下表面之间的侧表面,远端部分包括封闭的远端端部。导管末端限定了第一腔和第二腔,以及在导管末端的远端部分中的第一开口和第二开口。每个开口由导管末端的相应侧表面限定。每个开口与导管末端的第一腔和第二腔中的相应一个以及与伸长的导管构件的第一腔和第二腔中的相应一个处于流体连通。导管末端的上表面与下表面之间的距离由近端部分的远端端部朝向封闭的远端端部而减小。第一开口和第二开口在直径上彼此相对,并且可以激光切割或以其他方式形成,从而具有成型的边缘,以降低血栓形成的可能性。
导管末端的第一和第二通路与伸长的导管构件的一对腔中的相应一个处于流体连通,以便流体可经过伸长的导管组件、导管末端与第一和第二开口之间,由此使得导管构件与外部环境例如内部体腔处于流体连通。一对腔可构造为用于相反的双向流体流动,如在血液透析程序的情况下。在一些实施例中,一个或多个连接构件可设置于伸长的导管构件和导管末端之间,并且一个或多个连接构件可限定通道以利于伸长的导管构件和导管末端之间的连通。连接构件的远端端部可设置为邻近第一和第二侧开口的近端端部,由此使得流体在到达第一和第二侧开口的近端端部时离开连接构件。
在一些实施例中,沿着近端部分,上表面和下表面之间的距离在邻近远端部分处沿向远端方向增加。在另一个实施例中,导管末端的近端部分由弯曲球形区域限定。在另一实施例中,第一和第二开口哥为长椭圆形。
在本发明的另一实施例中,伸长的导管构件限定纵向轴线,并且第一和第二侧开口从导管末端的远端端部沿纵向轴线相隔一定距离。在本发明的另一实施例中,第一和第二内部腔的截面形状为半圆形。
在另一实施例中,伸长的导管构件和导管末端通过在其间延伸的至少一个连接构件联接。所述至少一个连接构件限定了与伸长的导管构件和导管末端处于流体连通的通道。所述至少一个连接构件可包括近端端部和远端端部,并且连接构件的远端端部邻近第一和第二侧开口中的一个。第一和第二侧开口每个具有成型的周边。
在本发明的另一实施例中,医用导管包括伸长的管状构件,其限定一对腔和纵向轴线。一对直径上相对的侧开口与相应的一对腔处于流体连通。每个侧开口具有近端端部和远端端部,并且每个侧开口具有伸长的基本上Z形的构造,其包括限定横向轴线的矩形中心部分和三角形向近侧和向远侧延伸的部分。三角形向近侧延伸的部分在侧开口的近端端部处限定顶点,三角形向远侧延伸的部分在侧开口的远端端部处限定顶点。矩形中心部分的横向轴线与伸长的管状构件的纵向轴线限定一锐角。所述锐角可在大致15度到大致75度范围内。在一些实施例中,伸长的管状构件包括隔壁,其限定所述一对腔的每一个的至少一部分。隔壁平行于纵向轴线延伸,并且伸长的管状构件相对于由隔壁限定的平面对称。在特定实施例中,所述一对侧开口中的每一个具有成型的边缘。在一些实施例中,侧开口中的每一个的近端端部和远端端部是圆弧形的。
其他方面、特征以及优点将通过说明书、附图以及权利要求而得到清楚理解。
附图说明
图1是一种医用导管的远端部分的立体图,其包括伸长的导管构件和末端。
图2是图1的医用导管的剖视图,沿图1中剖面线2-2获取。
图3A是图1的导管的末端的立体图,该末端包括一对侧开口。
图3B是图3A的导管末端的侧视图。
图3C是图3A的导管末端的俯视图。
图4A是一种导管末端的立体图,其包括近端部分,所述近端部分具有从近端部分到远端部分变化的直径。
图4B是图4A的导管末端的侧视图。
图4C是图4A的导管末端的俯视图。
图5A是一种导管末端的立体图,其具有近端部分,所述近端部分具有弯曲球形区域。
图5B是图5A的导管末端的侧视图。
图5C是图5A的导管末端的俯视图。
图6A是导管末端的一可选实施例的立体图,其具有直径上相对的上和下平表面,以及近端部分,所述近端部分具有随着近端部分接近导管末端的远端部分而向外偏离的上和下壁。
图6B是图6A的导管末端的侧视图。
图6C是图6A的导管末端的俯视图。
图7A是一种导管末端的立体图,其包括直径上相对的上和下平表面,并且具有穿过导管末端的远端部延伸的侧开口。
图7B是图7A的导管末端的侧视图。
图7C是图7A的导管末端的俯视图。
图8A是一种导管组件的立体图,其包括伸长的导管构件,所述导管构件具有一对轴向相对但相偏移的锥形槽。
图8B是图8A的导管组件的侧视图。
图8C是图8A的导管组件的俯视图。
图9A是一种导管组件的立体图,其包括具有圆形端部的侧开口。
图9B是图9A的导管组件的侧视图。
图9C是图9A的导管组件的俯视图。
图10A是一种导管组件的立体图,其具有导管体,所述导管体具有一对直径上相对的侧开口,每个侧开口成形为具有圆形端部的锥形槽。
图10B是图10A的导管组件的侧视图。
图10C是图10A的导管组件的俯视图。
图11A是一种导管组件的立体图,其具有导管体,所述导管体具有一对直径上相对的侧开口,每个侧开口具有截头椭圆形,所述截头椭圆形具有平的远端壁。
图11B是图11A的导管组件的侧视图。
图11C是图11A的导管组件的俯视图。
图12A是一种导管组件的立体图,其具有导管体,所述导管体具有一对直径上相对的侧开口,每个侧开口具有通过一圆形远端部分与一更小的圆形近端部分相交所限定的形状。
图12B是图12A的导管组件的侧视图。
图12C是图12A的导管组件的俯视图。
图13A是一种导管组件的立体图,其具有导管体,所述导管体具有一对直径上相对的侧开口,每个侧开口具有L形,所述L形包括沿横向方向相交的矩形槽。
图13B是图13A的导管组件的侧视图。
图13C是图13A的导管组件的俯视图。
图14A是一种导管组件的立体图,其具有导管体,所述导管体具有一对直径上相对的侧开口,每个侧开口具有通过一圆形远端部分与一圆形近端部分相交所限定的形状。
图14B是图14A的导管组件的侧视图。
图14C是图14A的导管组件的俯视图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开的导管的一些实施例结合用于施用流体的医用导管进行讨论,更特别地,结合血液透析导管进行讨论。然而,可以想到,本发明也可以用于一系列导管应用,包括对受治疗者的疾病和身体不适进行的外科手术、诊断以及相关处理。还可以想到,与本发明的导管相关的原理包括例如血液透析、心脏、腹部、泌尿、肠胃的慢性和/或急性应用。
在以下的讨论中,术语“近端”将指结构的更靠近操作者的部分,而术语“远端”将指结构的更远离操作者的部分。当在此使用时,术语“受治疗者”是指病人或其他动物。术语“操作者”是指医生、护士或其他护理提供者并可包括支持人员。
现参考图1-2,导管10包括一导管体20和一导管末端40。导管体20限定一纵向轴线“A”,并可具有一基本上为圆形的截面。导管体20限定沿导管10的长度延伸的一对腔22,23。备选地,导管20可限定一用于接收导丝或类似物的第三腔。腔22,23可包括椭圆形、肾形和/或D形截面构造。由导管体20限定的隔壁24设置在相邻的腔22,23之间,并且可限定第个腔22,23的至少一部分。在一些实施例中,导管末端40具有基本上截头圆锥形的轮廓。截头圆锥形可利于导管10的插入,例如,在使用急性用导管的对时间敏感的情况中。
导管10的元件可由适于医学应用的材料制造,例如比如聚合物、硅酮和/或聚氨酯。导管体20是柔性的,并且可通过注入模制或挤出形成。导管体20在其自然状态下可具有预形成的弯曲,以利于与要放置导管体20的内部体腔或血管相适应。备选地,导管体20可为基本上直的。
导管末端40可由适于医学应用的材料制造,包括例如聚合物,硅酮和/或聚氨酯。此外,导管末端40可由与导管体20相同的材料或不同的材料制造。在一些实施例中,导管末端40与导管体20分开形成,并且固定于导管体20的远端部分。在特定实施例中,导管末端40与导管体20一体地或整体地形成。
导管末端40包括一分隔部44。导管末端40和分隔部44限定腔42。导管末端40的外表面47向远端倾斜并且到达一封闭的远端部46以利于导管10的插入。虽然远端部46如所示具有圆形的钝状的轮廓,远端部46也可具有其他形状或轮廓。当导管体20和导管末端40组装时,末端40的腔42与导管体20的腔22,23处于流体联通并且对准。类似地,隔壁24和分隔部44对准从而使得腔22,23与相应的腔42限定沿导管体20与纵向轴线A平行的、基本上平行和分开的通路。至少隔壁24的远端部分与分隔部44的近端部分具有基本上相同的尺寸,从而提供导管体20和导管末端40之间的平滑过渡。
导管末端40可包括一对向近端延伸的连接构件48,其可插入腔22,23。连接构件48间隔开以接收隔壁24并限定通道50。当导管体20与导管末端40组装时,通道50与导管体20的腔22,23处于流体连通。连接构件48可通过过盈配合或摩擦配合而接合腔22,23,与腔22,23形成基本上不透流体的密封。替代地或另外地,连接构件48可使用化学粘合剂或机械联接例如焊接而固定于腔22,23内。
现参照图3A-3C,一对侧开口52被限定于导管末端40的外表面47中。侧开口52基本上是伸长的椭圆形槽,其沿导管末端40延伸并且关于纵向轴线A对称。侧开口52允许流体流F,F’在一环境例如内部体腔和内部腔42之间流动。侧开口52可具有成型的边缘,所述边缘例如通过激光切割、与导管末端40一起模制而形成,和/或以其他方式平滑化,以尽量减少干扰流动和形成血栓。
在血液透析应用中,导管体20的近端端部(图1)与透析机(未示出)连接,从而使血液经由导管末端40的相应侧开口52通过一个腔22(图2),即导管体20的动脉腔,而从体内血管抽出,并且输送到透析机用于净化。净化过的血液然后经由导管末端40的另一侧开口52通过第二腔23,即导管体20的静脉腔,而返回到体内血管。由于导管体20、导管末端40和腔42的对称构造,任一个腔22,23可用作动脉腔或静脉腔。由于导管末端40的构造,进入与动脉腔22连通的侧开口52的血流F与从与静脉腔23连通的侧开口52离开的血流F’分开,从而尽量减少了流体再循环的程度。
导管末端40的对称性质,侧开口52沿末端40的直径上相对的定位,以及侧开口52的伸长形状,使得从静脉腔23离开的流体流F’与进入动脉腔22的流体流F之间的间隔最大化,这尽量减少了净化过的血液在导管10的静脉腔23和动脉腔22之间的再循环的程度(图1)。特别地,血液通过侧开口52向近端进入并且通过侧开口52向远端离开。导管末端40的外表面47和远端端部46提供间隔,所述间隔基本上使离开静脉腔23的流体流F’移向进入动脉腔22的流体流F的情况最小化,这也能够使流体再循环的程度最小化。
现参考图4A-4C,导管末端140包括近端部分141和远端部分143。导管末端140的远端部分143朝向封闭的远端端部146逐渐变细,所述封闭的远端端部146可具有钝状的或不引起损伤的形状。近端部分141在朝向远端部分143的方向上直径增加。沿近端部分141的直径增加提供了在侧开口152近端侧的径向扩大的表面。此径向扩大的表面可引导流体流F’远离侧开口152。侧开口152可与侧开口52的构造相似,并且限定沿导管末端140的外表面147侧部形成的伸长的椭圆形构造。由于导管末端140的构造,进入与动脉腔连通的侧开口152的血流F与从与静脉腔连通的侧开口152离开的血流F’分开,从而使流本再循环的程度最小化。
现参考图5A-5C,导管末端240包括近端部分241和远端部分243。远端部分243具有基本上锥形的轮廓,其朝向封闭的远端端部246逐渐变细。导管末端240限定一对侧开口252,所述侧开口沿导管末端240的外表面247的相对两侧设置。导管末端240的近端部分241为一与远端部分243相邻的弯曲球形区域。近端部分241的弯曲球形区域提供了在侧开口252近侧的径向扩大的表面,按照以上针对导管末端140所讨论的方式,此径向扩大的表面引导流体流F’远离侧开口252,从而使流体再循环的程度最小化。
现参考图6A-6C,导管末端340包括直径上相对的平表面354、近端部分341和远端部分343。近端部分341的侧向表面360在朝向远端部分343的方向上向外偏离。每个平表面354沿导管末端340的长度延伸,并且随着接近钝状的远端端部346而向内会聚。远端部分343的侧表面362在接近远端端部346的方向上向内变细。侧开口352与前述开口52,152和252类似。每个侧开口352沿着相应的侧表面362设置。平表面354通过提供具有对流体流F’流向远端端部346产生最小阻力的路径而引导流体流F’远离侧开口352。近端部分341的侧向表面360也从侧开口352向外引导流体。
现参考图7A-7C,导管末端440沿导管末端440的外表面限定一对在远端定位的、直径上相对的侧开口452。侧开口452延伸穿过导管末端440的远端端部446的一部分。侧开口452与导管末端440的内部腔442处于流体连通。导管末端440的作用方式类似于以上相对于导管末端340(图6A-6C)所述的方式。
现参考图8A-8C,导管510包括一伸长体520和一支撑在伸长体520远端端部的导管末端540。伸长体520限定第一腔和第二腔(未示出),所述腔由导管510的近端端部向导管510的远端端部延伸。在一些实施例中,导管末端540基本上为圆锥形并且沿着向远端方向向内变细从而限定钝状的或不引起损伤的端部。
导管体520沿导管体520的长度限定直径上彼此相对的第一和第二侧开口526。每个侧开口526与第一腔和第二腔中的相应腔处于流体连通。每个侧开口526具有伸长的Z形构造,包括矩形或菱形的中心部分527a和三角形的近端和远端部分527b和527c。三角形部分527b的顶点位于三角形部分527b的近端端部,并且三角形部分527c的顶点位于三角形部分527c的远端端部。在一些实施例中,矩形部分527a限定一横向轴线T(图8B),所述横向轴线T与由导管体520限定的纵向轴线B形成一锐角θ。例如,角θ可以在约15度到约75度范围内。在特定实施例中,限定三角形部分527b和527c以及矩形部分527a的一部分的侧壁529基本上平行于由导管体520限定的纵向轴线B。
如前所述,侧开口526对称地定位于导管体520的相对两侧,并且每个侧开口526与导管510的相应腔连通。侧开口526有利于使进入导管510的动脉腔的流体流F与从导管510的静脉腔离开的流体流F’分开。更特别地,由于侧开口526的构造,血流具有流入与导管体520的动脉腔连通的侧开口的近端端部和离开与导管体520的静脉腔连通的侧开口526的远端端部的倾向。由此,进、出导管510的流体流F和F’被隔开以尽量减小导管体520中的再循环的程度。
现参考图9A-9C,导管610包括导管体620,其限定具有圆弧形近端和远端端部627的侧开口626。分别穿过动脉腔和静脉腔(未示出)的流体流F,F’的进入和输出点如前所述轴向间隔开。因此,进入动脉腔的流体流F和流出动脉腔的流体流F’周向地并且轴向地间隔开,从而尽量减小了再循环的程度。与尖锐边缘相比,侧开口626的圆弧形边缘627减小对血流的剪切应力从而减小血栓形成的可能性。
现参考图10A-10C,导管710限定一对直径上相对的侧开口726,每个侧开口具有一近端端部727和一远端端部728。侧开口726具有带圆弧形端部的基本上泪滴形的轮廓。每个侧开口726的泪滴形的锥形从近端端部727向远端端部728向近端变细,近端端部727具有比远端端部728更小的弯曲半径。流体流F在近端端部727进入动脉腔。流体流F’在远端端部728离开静脉腔。相应地,流体流F,F’通过相应腔向近端和向远端的流动均轴向和周向地间隔开,以尽量减小再循环。
现参考图11A-11C,导管810限定一对直径上相对的侧开口826。每个侧开口826具有近端端部827和远端端部828以及伸长的截头椭圆形。每个侧开口826的远端端部828具有基本上平的或平面的形状。每个侧开口826向近端变细并且朝向具有弯曲形状的相应近端端部827变窄。流体流F在近端端部827处进入动脉腔,流体流F’在远端端部828处离开静脉腔。相应地,流体流F,F’通过相应腔向近端和向远端的流动均轴向和周向地彼此间隔开,以尽量减小再循环。
现参考图12A-12C,导管910限定一对直径上相对的侧开口926。每个侧开口926具有近端部分927、远端部分928以及基本上梨形的轮廓。每个侧开口926的远端部分928为弓形的并具有第一直径“A1”,每个侧开口926的近端部分927为弓形的并具有小于直径A1的第二直径“A2”。近端部分927和远端部分928沿导管910的横向轴线T’相交。流体流F在近端部分927处进入动脉腔,流体流F’在远端部分928离开静脉腔。相应地,流体流F,F’通过相应腔向近端和向远端的流动均彼此轴向和周向地间隔开,以尽量减小再循环。
现参考图13A-13C,导管1010限定一对直径上相对的侧开口1026。每个侧开口1026具有近端部分1027和远端部分1028以及基本上L形的轮廓。每个侧开口1026的远端部分1028横向于导管1010的纵向轴线A’延伸跨过导管1010的表面的一部分。每个侧开口1026的近端部分1027平行于导管1010的纵向轴线A’沿着导管1010的表面的一部分延伸,并且与相应的远端部分1028相交。流体流F在近端部分1027处进入动脉腔,并且在远端部分1028处离开静脉腔。相应地,流体流F,F’通过相应腔向近端和向远端的流动均彼此轴向和周向地间隔开。
现参考图14A-14C,导管1110限定一对直径上相对的侧开口1126。每个侧开口1126具有近端部分1127、远端部分1128以及一基本上数字8形的轮廓。每个相应侧开口1126的近端部分1127和远端部分1128各具有通过一弓形远端部分与一弓形近端部分相交限定的形状,并且关于导管1110的横向轴线B”对称。流体流F在近端部分1127处进入动脉腔,流体流F’在远端部分1128处离开静脉腔。相应地,流体流F,F’通过相应腔向近端和向远端的流动均彼此轴向和周向地间隔开,以尽量减小再循环。
虽然在此参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例进行描述,但应当理解本发明不限于那些精确的实施例,并且各种其他变型和修改可以由本领域技术人员实施而不脱离本发明的范围或精神。
Claims (10)
1.一种医用导管组件,包括:
伸长的导管构件,所述伸长的导管构件包括隔壁,其限定一对内部腔每一个的至少一部分;
导管末端,所述导管末端联接至伸长的导管构件的远端端部,并且关于由隔壁限定的平面对称,导管末端包括远端部分和近端部分、上表面、下表面、以及位于上表面和下表面之间的侧表面,远端部分包括封闭的远端端部,并且导管末端限定:
第一腔和第二腔,以及
在导管末端的远端部分中的第一开口和第二开口,每个开口由导管末端的相应侧表面限定,每个开口与导管末端的第一腔和第二腔中的相应一个处于流体连通且与伸长的导管构件的第一腔和第二腔中的相应一个处于流体连通;
其中导管末端的上表面与下表面之间的距离由近端部分的远端端部朝向封闭的远端端部而减小。
2.如权利要求1所述的医用导管组件,其中沿着近端部分,上表面与下表面之间的距离在邻近远端部分处沿向远端方向增加。
3.如权利要求1所述的医用导管组件,其中导管末端的近端部分由弯曲球形区域限定。
4.如权利要求1所述的医用导管组件,其中第一开口和第二开口分别为长椭圆形。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的医用导管组件,其中伸长的导管构件限定纵向轴线,并且第一开口和第二开口从导管末端的远端端部沿纵向轴线间隔一定距离。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的医用导管组件,其中第一内部腔和第二内部腔的截面形状为半圆形。
7.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的医用导管组件,其中伸长的导管构件和导管末端由在它们之间延伸的至少一个连接构件联接。
8.如权利要求7所述的医用导管组件,其中至少一个连接构件限定了与伸长的导管构件和导管末端处于流体连通的通道。
9.如权利要求8所述的医用导管组件,其中所述至少一个连接构件包括近端端部和远端端部,并且连接构件的远端端部邻近第一侧开口和第二侧开口中的一个。
10.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的医用导管组件,其中所述第一开口和第二开口均具有成型的周边。
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- 2013-09-27 BR BRBR102013024916-5A patent/BR102013024916A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-09-27 CN CN201310596216.4A patent/CN103706016B/zh active Active
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JP2014069074A (ja) | 2014-04-21 |
AU2013231077B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
US11554247B2 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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US9526861B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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US20170100560A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
JP5873057B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
EP2712647A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
CA2827630A1 (en) | 2014-03-28 |
CN103706016B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
MX338035B (es) | 2016-03-31 |
AU2013231077A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
US20200061334A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
CA2827630C (en) | 2016-05-31 |
US20140094741A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
BR102013024916A2 (pt) | 2014-11-11 |
MX2013011039A (es) | 2014-05-21 |
US20150374952A1 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
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