CN1036834C - 避孕药盒的制备方法 - Google Patents

避孕药盒的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1036834C
CN1036834C CN91107997A CN91107997A CN1036834C CN 1036834 C CN1036834 C CN 1036834C CN 91107997 A CN91107997 A CN 91107997A CN 91107997 A CN91107997 A CN 91107997A CN 1036834 C CN1036834 C CN 1036834C
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desogestrel
dosage
progestogen
dosage device
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H·J·T·考林·博尼克
恩格博特·威廉姆·伯金克
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    • A61K31/565Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol

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Abstract

本发明涉及避孕药盒的制备方法,其详细描述见本发明说明书。

Description

避孕药盒的制备方法
本发明一般地涉及避孕药盒的制备方法,更具体讲涉及仅服用去氧孕烯、3-酮去氧孕烯或它们的混合物的避孕药盒的制备方法。
给生育年龄的妇女口服充足量的孕激素即可达到避孕目的,已经知道了一段时间。
例如,在法国专利申请2,223,018(OrthoPharmaceutical)中,至少从月经周期的第五天至第二十五天就服用孕激素,服药的最后七天的剂量比开初七天的剂量还大。
美国专利4,018,919(Eli Lilly andCo.)描述了使用两种不同类型的孕前剂的连续口服避孕法。这些不同类型的孕前剂是类型A孕激素(例如炔诺酮)和类型B孕激素(例如氯地孕酮乙酸酯)。
比利时专利773,064(Ciba Geigy AG.)中描述了使用两种类型孕前剂的另一种避孕措施。
美国专利4,171,358(Eli Lilly andCo.)描述了另一种避孕方法,即在月经周期的第六天至第十六天服用孕激素(例如氯地孕酮乙酸酯),接着即不再服用激素。
德国专利1,950,857(Merck GmbH)描述了仅用孕激素的避孕包装,其中含28个剂量单元,其中14至18剂量单元是“空白”,不含避孕甾体激素。发明的孕激素  包括氯地孕酮乙酸酯,甲地孕酮、美仑孕酮乙酸酯和甲氧基黄体酮乙酸酯。在德国专利1,965,881(MerckPatent GmbH)中描述了一种类似的避孕措施。
美国专利3,822,355(BiologicalConcepts Inc.)描述了控制妇女排卵的方法,包括给妇女每天服用安慰剂,服12至16天;接着每日服含2至20mg孕激素(例如炔诺酮)的片剂,服4天;最后,在月经周期的剩余日子里服用含前面孕激素剂量10%至40%的片剂。
“只含孕激素的丸剂”,对于哺乳妇女、年老妇女、雌激素禁忌的妇女、高血压病妇女、以及服用复合丸剂(即含雌激素和孕激素组分的丸剂)会引起偏头痛的妇女,是提倡的方法。见例如,“35岁以上妇女的避孕”,IPPF MedicalBulletin,22:3-4(1988)和Howie,PW“The Progestogen-onlypill”,Brit.J.obstet.Gynaecol.,92:1001-2(1985)。
虽然已经描述了各种仅用孕激素的避孕措施,但这些措施仍然与排卵抑制不完全相联系,而且失败率相对地高。见于Vessey等,“Progestogen onlyoral contraception.Findingsin a large prospective studywith special reference toeffectiveness”,Brit.J.FamilyPlanning,292:526-30(1986)。已经建议增加孕激素的日剂量,已便使排卵完全抑制,不过增加剂量也增加月经间期出血(即“污点”)几率,这显然是不希望的。见于E.Diczfalusy等,Progestogen inTherapy,p.150(Raven Press,NY1983)。
另外,已经报道了因仅用孕激素避孕造成的功能性卵巢囊肿高度流行,中断仅用孕激素避孕之后,囊肿即行消退。见于Fotherby,K.“The Progestogen-pill”,in:Filshie et al.eds.Contraception:Scienec andpractice,pp,94-108(1989),andHowie,supra。
显然需要一种更有效抑制排卵,同时又不增大月经间期出血几率或导致持久的功能性卵巢囊肿的仅使用孕激素的避孕措施。
令人惊奇地发现,在整个月经周期内(例如28天)选择去氧孕烯或3-酮去氧孕烯作为孕激素,以一些特定的剂量用于口服避孕方式给药,能达到完全抑制排卵目的,同时保持可以接受的月经周期控制。另外,此方式似乎也防止形成卵巢囊肿并降低月经间期的出血量。
这样一来,本发明包括含日口服剂量单位,每单位含70mg至80mg去氧孕烯,3-酮去氧孕烯或它们的混合物的药物释放体系。
本发明也包括医药产品(即剂量单元或含该剂量单元的包装),使用该产品的方法,以及制造该医药产品的程序。
本发明也包括为绝经前妇女提供避孕方法,包括给这些妇女口服(以天为计)70至80mg的去氧孕烯、3-酮去氧孕烯,或它们的混合物。
本发明使用的孕激素是3-酮去氧孕烯(“entonogestrel”)和去氧孕烯。去氧孕烯的化学名为13-乙基-11-亚甲基-18,19-二酮-17α-娠-4-烯-20-炔-17-醇。去氧孕烯被认为在体内代谢成3-酮去氧孕烯。在剂量单元中,优先使用75μg的去氧孕烯或3-酮去氧孕烯。从Organon International,bv ofOss,The Netherlands可以买到这两种化合物。
孕激素(“避孕甾体”)被掺入到口服给药的剂量单元之中。“剂量单元”一般指物理上不连续的适于用作人的单一剂量的单元。每个单元所含的预先测定的活性物质的量根据期望产生的效应计算。
制备这种剂量单元的方法和组合物,在工艺和技术上是已知的。例如,在标准的参考文献中描述了制作含活性成分的片剂和丸剂的常规技术,见于chase et al.,Remin-ton′s Pharmaceutieal Seiences,(16th ed.,Maek PublishingCo.,Easton.PA,U.S.A.,1980)(“Remington′s”),第1553至1584页。制备粉剂和其组合剂的常规技术,见于该参考书的1535至1552页。制备糖衣剂型的常规技术,见于该书的1585至1593页。
制作剂量单元,例如片剂时,打算使用常规的添加剂,例如填充剂、着色剂、高聚粘合剂及类似物料。一般说来,任何不干扰活性化合物功能的适于药用的添加剂,能用于一种或多种组合物中。
能与组合物给药的合适载体包括乳糖、淀粉、纤维素的衍生物以及以合适量使用的类似物料。乳糖是优选的载体。也能使用多种载体的混合物。
制作本发明的组合物和避孕药盒的方法,包括把预测定量的去氧孕烯、3-酮去氧孕烯、或它们的混合物和预先测定量的赋型剂混合,并把混合物转化为含70至80μg去氧孕烯或3-酮去氧孕烯的剂量单元。
把混合物转化为剂量单元一般包括把混合物模压成片剂,把干的或湿的混合物装入胶囊。
根据本发明的医药产品的优选的制作方法包括把希望剂量的避孕甾体(即去氧孕烯、3-酮去氧孕烯,或它们的混合物),通过诸如湿法制粒技术掺入到片剂中。包装中含的剂量单元在7和180之间,最好是28个剂量单元。
使用本发明避孕的优选方法包括给育龄妇女每日口服70至80μg去氧孕烯,3-酮去氧孕烯,或它们的混合物。完成该计划的一个周期之后,只要希望避孕,可以反复实施这种方案。与非摄入给药(例如植入)相比,口服给药后去氧孕烯和3-酮去氧孕烯的生物利用度为70-80%。
下面解释性的实施例将进一步阐明本发明。
实施例1
以下是每日服一次的包衣片的制备。
组成(每片):
组分                         用量(mg/片)
去氧孕烯                        0.075
玉米淀粉                        6.500
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮                  1.950
硬脂酸                          0.650
胶体二氧化硅                    0.650
dl-α-生育酚                    0.080
乳糖                 gsad       65.000
包衣层(干膜衣):
组分                         用量(mg/片)
羟丙基甲基纤维素               0.75
聚乙二醇400                    0.15
二氧化钛                       0.1125
滑石粉                         0.1875
制成的包衣片采用推进式包装。推进式包装置于折叠式纸盒中,纸盒再用铝制香袋包封。
实施例2
以下是日服一次的片剂的制备。
片剂的组成:
组分                         用量(mg/片)
3-酮去氧孕烯                   0.075
玉米淀粉                       6.500
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮                 1.950
硬脂酸                         0.650
胶体二氧化硅                   0.650
dl-α-生育酚                   0.080
乳糖             gsad          65.000
包衣层:
组分                      用量(mg/片)
羟丙基甲基纤维素             0.75
聚乙二醇400                  0.15
二氧化钛                     0.1125
滑石粉                       0.1875
实施例3
实施例1中的片剂与含0.030和0.050mg去氧孕烯的类似片剂一道,在44名健康女性志愿者中进行非公开的双育随机研究。使用实施例1(即含0.075mg去氧孕烯的片剂者,完全抑制排卵,而服用其它较低剂量者,不完全抑制排卵。而且使用实施例1的片剂者,月经期间出血的发生率及沾污的天数都最低(平均22%),0.030mg剂量(平均32%),0.650mg剂量(平均33%)。服用实施例1的片剂组,仅有1例出现闭经。服用实施例1的片剂组未观察到黄体滤泡,日服0.030mg的剂量组有三例发生黄体滤泡,日服0.050mg的剂量组有一例发生黄体滤泡。所有剂量组的50%至75%观察例中,均看到非黄体小滤泡囊肿(15-40mm)直径)。在0.050mg剂量组出现持久性囊肿,滤泡也自行消退。
这里给出的特定具体化或实施例不应理解为限定所附的权利要求定义的本发明的范围。

Claims (5)

1.由连续口服的日剂量单元组成的避孕药盒的制备方法,该剂量单元含独自作为避孕有效成份的70至80μg去氧孕烯,3-酮去氧孕烯或它们的混合物,其包括将预定量的选自去氧孕烯,3-酮去氧孕烯和它们的混合物的孕激素与预定量赋形剂混合,然后将混合物转化为剂量单元,每个剂量单元含70-80μg去氧孕烯,3-酮去氧孕烯或它们的混合物,将7-180上述剂量单元装入药盒中。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所说的药盒含28个所说的连续日剂量单元。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所说的孕激素为3-酮去氧孕烯,每个剂量单元中含该化合物75μg。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中所说的孕激素为去氧孕烯,每个剂量单元中含该化合物75μg。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所说的混合物转变为剂量单元,剂量单元选自胶囊和片剂。
CN91107997A 1990-12-17 1991-12-17 避孕药盒的制备方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1036834C (zh)

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CA2057714C (en) 2002-10-01
NO914970L (no) 1992-06-18
IE71202B1 (en) 1997-02-12
NZ240969A (en) 1994-04-27
FI98984B (fi) 1997-06-13
ES2087237T3 (es) 1996-07-16

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