CN103676959B - A kind of intelligent spraying machine device people based on WiFi controlled in wireless - Google Patents

A kind of intelligent spraying machine device people based on WiFi controlled in wireless Download PDF

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CN103676959B
CN103676959B CN201310554188.XA CN201310554188A CN103676959B CN 103676959 B CN103676959 B CN 103676959B CN 201310554188 A CN201310554188 A CN 201310554188A CN 103676959 B CN103676959 B CN 103676959B
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module
wifi
control
trolley
steering gear
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CN103676959A (en
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彭建盛
韦庆进
何奇文
覃勇
池盛斌
黄卓承
黄义勇
黄桂荣
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Hechi University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,包括视频采集装置、移动设备终端、系统控制部分和喷雾装置,其中:所述系统控制部分包括小车模块、WiFi模块、单片机模块、驱动模块和避障模块;所述小车模块包括四驱动履带、铝合金车身外壳以及位于小车左右两边驱动小车的两组两两并联电机。本发明基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人通过智能手机软件的触控按键触发发送控制指令,准确控制机器人沿着正确路线行走,并对作物进行喷雾。使用喷雾机器人进行喷雾,减少喷雾过程农药直接接触人体,减少农药对人的伤害,减少喷雾人员的体力劳动,提高了工作效率。

The invention provides an intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control, including a video acquisition device, a mobile device terminal, a system control part and a spray device, wherein: the system control part includes a car module, a WiFi module, a single-chip microcomputer module, and a drive module and an obstacle avoidance module; the trolley module includes a four-drive crawler belt, an aluminum alloy body shell, and two sets of two parallel motors located on the left and right sides of the trolley to drive the trolley. The intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control of the present invention triggers and sends control instructions through the touch buttons of the smart phone software, accurately controls the robot to walk along the correct route, and sprays the crops. The use of spraying robots for spraying reduces the direct contact of pesticides with the human body during the spraying process, reduces the harm of pesticides to people, reduces the physical labor of sprayers, and improves work efficiency.

Description

一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人An intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及喷药装置领域,特别是涉及一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人。 The invention relates to the field of spraying devices, in particular to an intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control.

背景技术 Background technique

当前,我国喷雾方式仍然以背负式手动喷雾器为主,体力劳动量很大,而且农药和人体直接接触,农药小液滴被吸入呼吸道,对人造成严重的伤害。在喷雾过程容易出现漏、滴农药的情况,喷雾不均匀,浪费农药、污染环境和土地,工作效率低。 At present, the spraying method in my country is still dominated by knapsack-type manual sprayers, which requires a lot of physical labor, and the pesticides are in direct contact with the human body, and small droplets of pesticides are inhaled into the respiratory tract, causing serious harm to people. During the spraying process, it is easy to leak and drop pesticides, the spraying is uneven, the pesticides are wasted, the environment and land are polluted, and the work efficiency is low.

随着现代化进程的不断加快,农业的现代化的不断发展,中小型车载式喷雾技术开始逐步应用在农业生产上,在大型的农田和果园中进行农药的喷洒。在使用中小型卡车装载药液,以柴油机为动力进行喷射药液,工作人员控制喷雾方向,从而提高了工作效率,但是没有解决喷雾过程中农药和人体的隔离;现在也有大型喷雾机,可以实现大范围的喷雾,但是体积庞大、设备复杂、需要专业的技术人员;静电喷雾等新型喷雾技术目前没有得到推广。 With the continuous acceleration of the modernization process and the continuous development of agricultural modernization, small and medium-sized vehicle-mounted spraying technology has gradually been applied to agricultural production, and pesticides are sprayed in large farmlands and orchards. In the use of small and medium-sized trucks to load the liquid medicine, the diesel engine is used as the power to spray the liquid medicine, and the staff controls the direction of the spray, thus improving the work efficiency, but it does not solve the isolation of the pesticide and the human body during the spraying process; now there are also large sprayers, which can realize Large-scale spraying, but bulky, complicated equipment, requires professional technicians; new spraying technologies such as electrostatic spraying have not been promoted at present.

由此可见,目前喷药技术存在着很多不足和缺陷,亟待进一步改进,亟需发明一种基于无线控制来进行喷药的机器人。 It can be seen that there are many deficiencies and defects in the spraying technology at present, and further improvement is urgently needed. It is urgent to invent a robot for spraying medicine based on wireless control.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,使其具有远程准确控制喷雾、减少喷雾过程农药对人的伤害、减轻喷雾人员的体力劳动,提高工作效率,从而克服现有技术的不足。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control, so that it can remotely and accurately control spraying, reduce the harm of pesticides to people during the spraying process, reduce the physical labor of spraying personnel, and improve work efficiency, thereby overcoming the existing Insufficient technology.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,包括视频采集装置、移动设备终端、系统控制部分和喷雾装置,其中:所述系统控制部分包括小车模块、WiFi模块、单片机模块、驱动模块和避障模块; In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control, including a video acquisition device, a mobile device terminal, a system control part and a spray device, wherein: the system control part includes a car module, a WiFi module, SCM module, driver module and obstacle avoidance module;

所述小车模块包括四驱动履带、铝合金车身外壳以及位于小车左右两边驱动小车的两组两两并联电机; The trolley module includes four-drive crawlers, an aluminum alloy body shell, and two sets of parallel motors located on the left and right sides of the trolley to drive the trolley;

所述单片机模块,用于接收控制指令,并根据对应指令执行程序,控制WiFi模块、驱动模块、避障模块以及小车模块完成相应的动作; The single-chip microcomputer module is used to receive control instructions, and execute the program according to the corresponding instructions to control the WiFi module, the drive module, the obstacle avoidance module and the car module to complete corresponding actions;

所述驱动模块,包括电机驱动芯片L298组成的驱动电路,通过单片机控制电机驱动电路的输出状态,实现小车前后左右的运动; The drive module includes a drive circuit composed of a motor drive chip L298, which controls the output state of the motor drive circuit through a single-chip microcomputer to realize the movement of the car around;

所述避障模块包括NE555电路、由红外发射管和红外接收管组成的红外对管,所述红外发射管的红外光通过加载到NE555电路产生的38KHz的方波信号上发射出去,所述红外接收管接收反射回来强度足够大的红外光; The obstacle avoidance module includes a NE555 circuit, an infrared pair tube composed of an infrared emitting tube and an infrared receiving tube, and the infrared light of the infrared emitting tube is emitted by loading the 38KHz square wave signal generated by the NE555 circuit. The receiving tube receives the reflected infrared light with sufficient intensity;

所述视频采集装置位于车体的前端,用于采集喷药机器人周围环境的视频数据; The video acquisition device is located at the front end of the car body and is used to collect video data of the surrounding environment of the spraying robot;

所述视频采集装置通过位于车体内部的系统控制部分与所述移动设备终端通信连接; The video acquisition device is communicatively connected with the mobile device terminal through a system control part located inside the vehicle body;

所述移动设备终端采用智能手机,所述智能手机和系统控制部分的WiFi模块通信连接,所述WiFi模块接收到智能手机的控制指令后再将控制指令发送到单片机模块,所述单片机模块控制位于车体后端的所述喷雾装置执行相应的动作。 The mobile device terminal adopts a smart phone, and the smart phone communicates with the WiFi module of the system control part. After receiving the control command from the smart phone, the WiFi module sends the control command to the single-chip microcomputer module, and the control of the single-chip microcomputer module is located at The spraying device at the rear end of the vehicle body performs corresponding actions.

所述视频采集装置包括摄像头和舵机,所述摄像头通过不锈钢金属软管与摄像头底座连接,所述摄像头底座与所述舵机固定连接。 The video acquisition device includes a camera and a steering gear, the camera is connected to the base of the camera through a stainless steel metal hose, and the base of the camera is fixedly connected to the steering gear.

所述喷雾装置包括喷雾水泵、升降装置和喷雾头,其中:所述升降装置包括直流电机、连接轴承、丝杆、滑动丝杠螺母、滑动轴承、固定杆和舵机; The spray device includes a spray water pump, a lifting device and a spray head, wherein: the lifting device includes a DC motor, a connecting bearing, a screw mandrel, a sliding screw nut, a sliding bearing, a fixed rod and a steering gear;

所述直流电机和平行于丝杆的固定杆与固定铁片通过螺栓或者焊接固定连接,所述固定铁片与小车通过螺栓或者焊接固定连接; The DC motor and the fixed rod parallel to the screw rod are fixedly connected to the fixed iron sheet by bolts or welding, and the fixed iron sheet is fixedly connected to the trolley by bolts or welding;

所述直流电机的转动轴通过连接轴与丝杆连接; The rotating shaft of the DC motor is connected to the screw rod through the connecting shaft;

所述螺母与所述滑动轴承固定连接; The nut is fixedly connected with the sliding bearing;

所述滑动轴承通过所述螺母与丝杆连接; The sliding bearing is connected to the screw rod through the nut;

所述舵机与滑动轴承固定连接; The steering gear is fixedly connected with the sliding bearing;

所述喷雾头通过固定铁片与舵机圆盘固定连接; The spray head is fixedly connected with the steering gear disc through the fixed iron sheet;

所述舵机圆盘通过齿轮与所述舵机转动轴啮合连接; The disc of the steering gear is meshed with the rotating shaft of the steering gear through a gear;

所述喷雾水泵安装在所述小车上并与喷雾头通过设置有控制装置的管道连通,所述喷雾水泵通过继电器控制开关。 The spray water pump is installed on the trolley and communicates with the spray head through a pipeline provided with a control device, and the spray water pump is controlled by a relay switch.

所述喷雾装置长为16.5cm,宽为6cm,高为45cm。 The spray device is 16.5cm long, 6cm wide and 45cm high.

所述WiFi模块采用无线路由器,其内刷入一个开源的OpenWrt系统; Described WiFi module adopts wireless router, brushes into an open source OpenWrt system in it;

所述无线路由器通过TCP/UDP通信方式与移动设备终端实现通信连接。 The wireless router implements a communication connection with the mobile device terminal through the TCP/UDP communication mode.

所述驱动模块采用高压、大电流的电机驱动芯片L298组成的驱动电路。 The drive module adopts a drive circuit composed of a high-voltage, high-current motor drive chip L298.

所述小车模块的车身长度30cm,宽度22cm,高度16.5cm。 The body length of the trolley module is 30cm, the width is 22cm, and the height is 16.5cm.

所述智能手机通过机器人控制器应用程序的触控按键发出控制指令。 The smart phone sends control instructions through the touch buttons of the robot controller application program.

所述智能手机采用Android智能手机软件触控按键触发发送控制指令,所述控制指令通过WiFi网络,由无线路由器从信道中提取控制指令,并将提取的所述控制指令通过TTL串口输送给所述单片机模块。 The smart phone uses Android smart phone software touch keys to trigger and send control commands. The control commands pass through the WiFi network, and the wireless router extracts the control commands from the channel, and transmits the extracted control commands to the said control command through the TTL serial port. MCU module.

采用以上设计后,本发明与现有技术比较有以下有益效果: After adopting the above design, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

本发明基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人使用摄像头采集机器人周围环境视频信息,通过无线WiFi网络发送到智能手机控制端,在智能手机控制端实时监控机器人周围的环境,了解和掌握作物的分布情况和地形特点,通过智能手机软件的触控按键触发发送控制指令,准确控制机器人沿着正确路线行走,并对作物进行喷雾。使用喷雾机器人进行喷雾,减少喷雾过程农药直接接触人体,减少农药对人的伤害,减少喷雾人员的体力劳动,提高了工作效率。 The intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control of the present invention uses a camera to collect the video information of the surrounding environment of the robot, and sends it to the smart phone control terminal through the wireless WiFi network, and monitors the environment around the robot in real time at the smart phone control terminal to understand and grasp the distribution of crops And the characteristics of the terrain, the touch buttons of the smartphone software trigger and send control commands, accurately control the robot to walk along the correct route, and spray the crops. The use of spraying robots for spraying reduces the direct contact of pesticides with the human body during the spraying process, reduces the harm of pesticides to people, reduces the physical labor of sprayers, and improves work efficiency.

下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。 The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

附图说明 Description of drawings

上述仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明,以下结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。 The above is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to understand the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

图1是本发明基于WiFi无线控制智能喷药机器人组成示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control of the present invention.

图2是本发明基于WiFi无线控制智能喷药机器人的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control of the present invention.

图3是本发明的喷药装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the spraying device of the present invention.

图4是本发明的视频采集装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the video capture device of the present invention.

图5是本发明的中断服务函数流程图。 Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the interrupt service function of the present invention.

具体实施方式 detailed description

请参阅图1所示,本发明一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,包括视频采集装置、移动设备终端、系统控制部分和喷雾装置,其中,系统控制部分包括小车模块、WiFi模块、单片机模块、驱动模块和避障模块。 Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, a kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control of the present invention includes video acquisition device, mobile device terminal, system control part and spraying device, wherein, system control part includes dolly module, WiFi module, single-chip microcomputer module, driver module and obstacle avoidance module.

其中,小车模块包括四驱动履带小车和铝合金车身外壳,小车的左边安装有两个电机并联,右边安装有两个电机并联,以提高小车的驱动能力和控制的同步性。小车模块的车身长度30cm,宽度22cm,高度16.5cm。 Among them, the trolley module includes a four-drive crawler trolley and an aluminum alloy body shell. Two motors are installed in parallel on the left side of the trolley, and two motors are connected in parallel on the right side to improve the driving capability and control synchronization of the trolley. The body length of the trolley module is 30cm, the width is 22cm, and the height is 16.5cm.

WiFi模块采用无线路由器,无线路由器将摄像头采集的视频数据发送到智能手机上,通过智能手机屏幕显示,WiFi模块-无线路由器刷入了一个开源的OpenWrt系统。OpenWrt是一个高度模块化、高度自动化的嵌入式Linux系统,拥有强大的网络组件和扩展性,常常被用于工控设备、电话、小型机器人、智能家居、路由器以及VOIP设备中。OpenWrt的包管理提供了一个完全可写的文件系统,从应用程序供应商提供的选择和配置,允许自定义的设备,以适应任何应用程序。 The WiFi module uses a wireless router, and the wireless router sends the video data collected by the camera to the smartphone, which is displayed on the screen of the smartphone, and the WiFi module-wireless router is brushed into an open source OpenWrt system. OpenWrt is a highly modular and highly automated embedded Linux system with powerful network components and scalability, and is often used in industrial control equipment, phones, small robots, smart homes, routers, and VOIP devices. OpenWrt's package manager provides a fully writable file system, with options and configurations from application vendors, allowing customization of the device to suit any application.

单片机模块采用STC系列的增强型51单片机,使用串口中断接收无线路由器发送来的指令,根据指令控制相应的模块。单片机模块是系统的控制核心,接收控制指令并根据控制指令执行对应的程序,控制其他模块完成相应的动作。无线路由器和移动设备终端之间通过TCP/UDP方式实现通信,视频数据量大,实时性高。为了视频传输的准确性和实时性,WiFi模块将摄像头采集的视频数据进行压缩编码,然后通过WiFi网络发送给移动设备终端-Android智能手机,经过数据解压、解码将视频数据显示到手机屏幕上,手机控制端通过按键触发发送相应的控制指令包,由WiFi网络传输到无线路由器,无线路由器从信道中提取指令到TTL串口,TTL串口连接51单片机的串口,通过串口进行数据指令传输,单片机根据接收到的数据指令控制相应的模块完成指定的动作,WiFi网络实现了无线路由器和移动设备终端的双向数据传输,使用简单、高速、低功耗。 The single-chip microcomputer module adopts the enhanced 51 single-chip microcomputer of STC series, uses the serial port interrupt to receive the instruction sent by the wireless router, and controls the corresponding module according to the instruction. The single-chip microcomputer module is the control core of the system, receives control instructions and executes corresponding programs according to the control instructions, and controls other modules to complete corresponding actions. The communication between the wireless router and the mobile device terminal is realized through TCP/UDP, the video data volume is large, and the real-time performance is high. For the accuracy and real-time performance of video transmission, the WiFi module compresses and encodes the video data collected by the camera, and then sends it to the mobile device terminal-Android smartphone through the WiFi network, and displays the video data on the screen of the mobile phone after data decompression and decoding. The mobile phone control terminal triggers and sends the corresponding control instruction packet through the button, and transmits it to the wireless router through the WiFi network. The wireless router extracts the instruction from the channel and sends it to the TTL serial port. The received data instructions control the corresponding modules to complete the specified actions. The WiFi network realizes the two-way data transmission between the wireless router and the mobile device terminal, which is simple to use, high-speed, and low power consumption.

驱动模块是高压、大电流的电机驱动芯片L298组成的驱动电路,内含两个H桥的高压大电流全桥式驱动器,采用标准逻辑电平信号控制,两个使能端,抗干扰能力强,具有过压和过流保护的作用。1个电源输入端,4个电源输出端,4个信号控制端分别控制4个电源输出。4个电源输出端连接到两组两两并联电机的4个输入端,电机驱动电路的4个信号控制端由单片机模块的I/O控制,由程序控制相应的4个I/O端口的输出电平控制电机驱动电路的输出状态,从而实现控制喷药机器人小车的前后左右运动。 The drive module is a drive circuit composed of a high-voltage, high-current motor drive chip L298. It contains two H-bridge high-voltage and high-current full-bridge drivers. It adopts standard logic level signal control, two enable terminals, and strong anti-interference ability. , has the function of overvoltage and overcurrent protection. 1 power input terminal, 4 power output terminals, and 4 signal control terminals respectively control 4 power output terminals. The 4 power supply output terminals are connected to the 4 input terminals of two sets of parallel motors, the 4 signal control terminals of the motor drive circuit are controlled by the I/O of the single-chip microcomputer module, and the output of the corresponding 4 I/O ports is controlled by the program The level controls the output state of the motor drive circuit, so as to realize the control of the front, rear, left, and right movements of the spraying robot car.

避障模块包括红外对管和NE555电路,红外对管由在同一平面的红外发射管和红外接收管组成,红外接收管接收38KHz的红外光,NE555电路产生38KHz频率的方波信号,红外发射管的红外光以38KHz频率的方波信号作为载波发射,红外光遇到障碍物被反射回来,当接收管接收到能量足够大的红外光时,输出引脚输出低电平,通过单片机模块的I/O端口检测红外接收管的输出引脚的电平变化,即可判断出是否遇到障碍物。当小车遇到障碍物时,红外接收管输出低电平,对应单片机的I/O端口检测到低电平,控制小车后退小段距离,然后小车停止等待接收控制指令。 The obstacle avoidance module includes an infrared pair tube and a NE555 circuit. The infrared pair tube is composed of an infrared emitting tube and an infrared receiving tube on the same plane. The infrared receiving tube receives 38KHz infrared light, and the NE555 circuit generates a 38KHz frequency square wave signal. The infrared emitting tube The infrared light is transmitted with a square wave signal of 38KHz frequency as the carrier wave, and the infrared light is reflected back when it encounters obstacles. When the receiving tube receives infrared light with sufficient energy, the output pin outputs a low level, which is passed through the I of the microcontroller module. The /O port detects the level change of the output pin of the infrared receiving tube to determine whether an obstacle is encountered. When the car encounters an obstacle, the infrared receiving tube outputs a low level, and the I/O port of the corresponding microcontroller detects a low level, and the car is controlled to retreat a small distance, and then the car stops waiting to receive control commands.

请参阅图2、图3所示,喷雾装置包括喷雾水泵22、升降装置和喷雾头11。其中,喷雾水泵22的电源由电磁继电器控制,喷雾装置固定在车身后面,喷雾装置长16.5cm,宽6cm,高45cm;喷雾头11是传统背负式的喷雾器的塑料圆形雾化喷雾头,喷雾水泵22将药瓶的农药通过胶管输送到喷雾头11,药液由喷雾头11喷出。 Please refer to Fig. 2 and shown in Fig. 3, the spraying device includes a spraying water pump 22, a lifting device and a spraying head 11. Wherein, the power supply of spray water pump 22 is controlled by electromagnetic relay, and spray device is fixed on the vehicle body back, and spray device is long 16.5cm, wide 6cm, high 45cm; The water pump 22 transports the pesticide in the medicine bottle to the spray head 11 through the rubber hose, and the liquid medicine is sprayed out by the spray head 11.

喷雾水泵22的供电电源由继电器控制,继电器需要5V电压和合适的电流才能使继电器内部绕有线圈的铁芯产生足够大的磁力,吸附继电器的动点和常开触点接触。动点接入供电电源,常开触点接水泵的电源线,动点和常开触点接通时,水泵电源导通,水泵开始工作,在水泵内部的推力下,药瓶的农药通过喷雾头喷出。单片机的I/O端口输出电流比较小,不能达到继电器的工作电流要求,吸附力小于内部弹簧的拉力,因而不能吸附动点。利用NPN三极管的开关作用驱动继电器,单片机的I/O端口通过一个限流电阻连接到NPN三极管的基极,三极管的集电极接到5V电源,发射极连接到继电器的内部线圈一个控制端,继电器的另一个控制端接地。三极管起到一个开关的作用,当单片机的I/O端口输出高电平,三极管的基极电压大于导通电压,三极管进入导通状态,发射极输出5V电压,继电器内部的线圈通电,线圈有电流流过,从而产生电磁效应,衔铁在电磁力的吸引下克服弹簧的拉力吸向铁芯,使动点和常开触点接通,喷雾水泵22电源接通开始工作。当单片机模块的I/O端口输出低电压,三极管的基极电压小于导通电压,三极管处于截止状态,发射极输出低电平。 The power supply of the spray water pump 22 is controlled by a relay, and the relay needs 5V voltage and suitable current to make the iron core wound with a coil inside the relay generate enough magnetic force to attract the moving point of the relay to contact with the normally open contact. The moving point is connected to the power supply, and the normally open contact is connected to the power line of the water pump. When the moving point and the normally open contact are connected, the power supply of the water pump is turned on, and the water pump starts to work. Under the thrust inside the water pump, the pesticide in the medicine bottle passes through the spray Head squirts. The output current of the I/O port of the single-chip microcomputer is relatively small, which cannot meet the working current requirements of the relay, and the adsorption force is smaller than the tension of the internal spring, so the moving point cannot be adsorbed. The relay is driven by the switching function of the NPN transistor. The I/O port of the microcontroller is connected to the base of the NPN transistor through a current-limiting resistor, the collector of the transistor is connected to the 5V power supply, and the emitter is connected to a control terminal of the internal coil of the relay. The other control terminal is grounded. The triode acts as a switch. When the I/O port of the microcontroller outputs a high level, the base voltage of the triode is greater than the conduction voltage, the triode enters the conduction state, the emitter outputs 5V voltage, and the coil inside the relay is energized, and the coil has The current flows through, thereby producing electromagnetic effect, the armature overcomes the pulling force of the spring and attracts to the iron core under the attraction of the electromagnetic force, so that the moving point and the normally open contact are connected, and the spray water pump 22 is powered on and starts to work. When the I/O port of the microcontroller module outputs a low voltage, the base voltage of the triode is lower than the conduction voltage, the triode is in a cut-off state, and the emitter outputs a low level.

升降装置包括直流电机2、连接轴承3、丝杆5、滑动丝杆螺母6、滑动轴承7、固定杆4和舵机8。升降装置的功能是将丝杆5的旋转运动转换为丝杆螺母6的直线运动,实现能量的传递和运动形式的转换,其特点是传向轴向力大,能自锁,连续工作、精度高。直流电机2的转动轴和丝杆5通过连接轴承3连接,滑动丝杆螺母6和滑动轴承7固定连接,固定杆4穿过滑动轴承7的轴颈,固定杆4的底端固定在丝杆的旁边,且固定杆和丝杆5保持平行,固定杆4的顶端通过光滑的圆环12与丝杆5连接,丝杆5保持和固定杆4平行的回旋运动,喷雾头11和舵机的舵盘8固定,舵盘固定在舵机的齿状转动轴上。 Lifting device comprises DC motor 2, connecting bearing 3, screw mandrel 5, slide screw nut 6, slide bearing 7, fixed rod 4 and steering gear 8. The function of the lifting device is to convert the rotary motion of the screw rod 5 into the linear motion of the screw nut 6, so as to realize the transfer of energy and the conversion of the motion form. It is characterized by large axial force, self-locking, continuous work and high precision high. The rotating shaft of the DC motor 2 is connected with the screw mandrel 5 through the connecting bearing 3, the sliding screw nut 6 is fixedly connected with the sliding bearing 7, the fixed rod 4 passes through the journal of the sliding bearing 7, and the bottom end of the fixed rod 4 is fixed on the screw rod Next to the fixed rod and the screw rod 5 keep parallel, the top of the fixed rod 4 is connected with the screw rod 5 through a smooth ring 12, the screw rod 5 keeps the circular motion parallel to the fixed rod 4, the spray head 11 and the steering gear The steering wheel 8 is fixed, and the steering wheel is fixed on the toothed rotating shaft of the steering gear.

固定铁片1,具有一定的承载能力,其形状可设为直角固定铁片或片状固定铁片,其用于固定直流电机2和固定杆4,并将升降装置固定在小车铝合金车架的后面,固定铁片通过焊接或者螺母与车架固定连接,直流电机的转动轴通过连接轴承3和丝杆5连接,使得直流电机的转动轴承转动带动丝杆5一起转动,滑动丝杆螺母6随着丝杆4的转动做往上或往下的直线运动,滑动丝杆螺母6和滑动轴承7固定连接,滑动轴承3跟着滑动丝杆螺母6一起运动,舵机8固定在滑动轴承7上,舵机圆盘9套在舵机的转动轴上,舵机圆盘9和舵机8的转动轴通过齿轮卡在一起使舵机圆盘9随着舵机8转动轴一起转动,舵机圆盘9和直角固定铁片10固定连接,喷雾头11固定在直角固定铁片1上,最顶端的圆环12把丝杆5和固定杆4连接,丝杆5可以自由转动,丝杆5通过控制舵机8的转动,使得喷头11一起转动。 The fixed iron piece 1 has a certain bearing capacity, and its shape can be set as a right-angle fixed iron piece or a sheet-shaped fixed iron piece, which is used to fix the DC motor 2 and the fixed rod 4, and fix the lifting device on the aluminum alloy frame of the trolley The back of the fixed iron sheet is fixedly connected to the vehicle frame by welding or nuts, and the rotating shaft of the DC motor is connected with the screw rod 5 through the connecting bearing 3, so that the rotation of the rotating bearing of the DC motor drives the screw rod 5 to rotate together, and the sliding screw nut 6 With the rotation of the screw rod 4, it moves upwards or downwards in a straight line, the sliding screw nut 6 is fixedly connected with the sliding bearing 7, the sliding bearing 3 moves with the sliding screw nut 6, and the steering gear 8 is fixed on the sliding bearing 7 , the steering gear disc 9 is set on the rotation shaft of the steering gear, and the rotation shafts of the steering gear disc 9 and the steering gear 8 are locked together through gears so that the steering gear disc 9 rotates together with the rotation shaft of the steering gear 8, and the steering gear The disc 9 is fixedly connected with the right-angle fixed iron sheet 10, the spray head 11 is fixed on the right-angle fixed iron sheet 1, and the topmost ring 12 connects the screw rod 5 and the fixed rod 4, the screw rod 5 can rotate freely, and the screw rod 5 By controlling the rotation of the steering gear 8, the spray head 11 is rotated together.

连接轴承3把直流电机2的转动轴和丝杆5连接在一起,通过直流电机转动轴的转动带动丝杆转动,滑动丝杆螺母6实现丝杆5旋转运动转换为套在丝杆5上的滑动丝杆螺母6往上或往下的直线运动,滑动轴承7跟着滑动丝杠螺母6往上或往下运动。固定杆4穿过滑动轴承7的轴颈,固定杆4的底端固定在丝杆的旁边,顶端的光滑圆环12套在丝杆5的最上面,丝杆5在光滑圆环中可以转动,固定杆4和丝杆5保持互相平行,滑动轴承可以做垂直的直线运动。丝杆5旋转运动转换为滑动丝杆螺母6的向上或向下运动以及滑动轴承7相对固定杆上下滑动。 The connecting bearing 3 connects the rotation shaft of the DC motor 2 and the screw rod 5 together, and the rotation of the rotation shaft of the DC motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the sliding screw nut 6 realizes the conversion of the rotation motion of the screw rod 5 into the rotation motion of the screw rod 5 . When the sliding screw nut 6 moves upward or downward, the sliding bearing 7 moves upward or downward along with the sliding screw nut 6 . The fixed rod 4 passes through the journal of the sliding bearing 7, the bottom end of the fixed rod 4 is fixed beside the screw rod, and the smooth ring 12 at the top is set on the top of the screw rod 5, and the screw rod 5 can rotate in the smooth ring , the fixed rod 4 and the screw rod 5 are kept parallel to each other, and the sliding bearing can do vertical linear motion. The rotary motion of the screw mandrel 5 is converted into the upward or downward movement of the sliding screw nut 6 and the sliding bearing 7 slides up and down relative to the fixed rod.

喷雾头装置包括舵机8和喷雾头11,舵机配套的舵盘使用螺丝固定在舵机的齿状转动轴上,利用直角固定铁片10将喷雾头11和舵机圆盘9固定连接,喷雾头11随着舵机圆盘的运动而运动。 The spray head device includes a steering gear 8 and a spray head 11. The steering wheel supporting the steering gear is fixed on the toothed rotating shaft of the steering gear with screws, and the spray head 11 and the steering gear disc 9 are fixedly connected by a right-angle fixing iron plate 10. The spray head 11 moves with the movement of the steering gear disc.

经试验验证,在空地上测试,喷雾头的喷雾面积为0.8m2,最远喷雾距离是1.3米,最宽距离1.3米,喷雾的范围形状呈扇形,该扇形的半径是1.3米,角度是60度左右。喷雾头的高度调整范围0-35cm,装置安装在高16.5cm的小车后尾,直流电机、连接轴和舵机控制平台的高度14cm,最低的喷雾高度是30.5cm,最高喷雾高度65.5cm。在花圃中喷雾测试,花圃与花圃之间的行走路线宽度是30cm左右,花苗高度是25cm左右,喷雾结果表明在花苗中喷雾的水分均匀,最上面的叶子完全湿润,中层的叶子大部分湿润,底层湿润部分,流失到地上的比较少。喷雾头以X轴的正方向作为参考方向,左或右偏转调整60度的范围。喷雾头往左或右偏转60度,喷雾范围刚好落在花苗上,喷雾一边,停止喷雾,调整到另一边继续喷雾。药瓶装药容量是1.8L,药瓶满容量下喷雾时间是3分7秒。 It has been verified by experiments that the spraying area of the spray head is 0.8m 2 , the farthest spraying distance is 1.3 meters, and the widest distance is 1.3 meters. Around 60 degrees. The height adjustment range of the spray head is 0-35cm. The device is installed at the rear of the car with a height of 16.5cm. The height of the DC motor, connecting shaft and steering gear control platform is 14cm. The minimum spray height is 30.5cm and the maximum spray height is 65.5cm. In the spray test in the flowerbed, the width of the walking route between the flowerbeds is about 30cm, and the height of the flower seedlings is about 25cm. The spray results show that the water sprayed in the flower seedlings is even, the top leaves are completely wet, and the leaves in the middle are mostly wet. The wet part of the bottom layer is less lost to the ground. The spray head takes the positive direction of the X-axis as the reference direction, and the left or right deflection adjusts the range of 60 degrees. The spray head deflects 60 degrees to the left or right, the spray range just falls on the flower seedlings, spray one side, stop spraying, adjust to the other side and continue spraying. The filling capacity of the medicine bottle is 1.8L, and the spray time is 3 minutes and 7 seconds under the full capacity of the medicine bottle.

请参阅图4所示,视频采集装置固定在车身前面,视频采集装置机器人周围的环境和农作物的分布情况。摄像头的底座使用不锈钢金属软管和摄像头连接,不锈钢金属软管可以自由调整和摆动,使摄像头在一个采集视频的合适位置。舵机13固定在视频采集装置的固定架14上,固定架14通过螺丝和车体固定连接,舵机圆盘15套在舵机的转动轴上,圆盘16和摄像头的底座固定连接,通过舵机的转动轴转动带动摄像头的底座转动,底座通过金属软管17与摄像头18连接,金属软管16可以随意的摆动。视频采集装置通过摄像头采集机器人周围的环境和农作物分布情况,将采集的视频数据经过WiFi模块的编码和压缩,通过机器人的WiFi网络发送,Android智能手机接收到视频数据,对视频数据进行解压和解码并显示到手机屏幕上。根据采集的环境视频和农作物的分布情况,通过智能手机软件的触控按键触发发出控制指令,控制指令通过WiFi网络发送,WiFi模块从WiFi信道中提取控制指令输出到TTL串口,TTL串口和单片机的串口进行通讯,并将控制指令发送给单片机,单片机根据接收到的控制指令控制机器人执行对应的动作和完成喷雾工作。 Please refer to Fig. 4, the video capture device is fixed in front of the vehicle body, the environment around the video capture device robot and the distribution of crops. The base of the camera is connected to the camera with a stainless steel metal hose. The stainless steel metal hose can be adjusted and swung freely so that the camera is in a suitable position for capturing video. Steering gear 13 is fixed on the fixed mount 14 of video acquisition device, and fixed mount 14 is fixedly connected with car body by screw, and steering gear disc 15 is enclosed within on the rotating shaft of steering gear, and disc 16 is fixedly connected with the base of camera, through The rotation shaft of steering gear drives the base of camera to rotate, and base is connected with camera 18 by metal hose 17, and metal hose 16 can swing freely. The video acquisition device collects the environment around the robot and the distribution of crops through the camera, encodes and compresses the collected video data through the WiFi module, and sends it through the robot’s WiFi network. The Android smartphone receives the video data and decompresses and decodes the video data. and displayed on the phone screen. According to the collected environmental video and the distribution of crops, the control command is triggered by the touch button of the smart phone software, and the control command is sent through the WiFi network. The WiFi module extracts the control command from the WiFi channel and outputs it to the TTL serial port, TTL serial port and microcontroller. The serial port communicates, and sends the control command to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer controls the robot to perform corresponding actions and complete the spraying work according to the received control command.

移动设备终端采用Android智能手机,智能手机安装有机器人软件控制器应用程序,软件控制器的应用程序在Eclipse的开发环境中编写,软件控制器通过触控按键触发发出控制指令。手机控制器上的不同的按键触发发送对应的指令,手机屏幕上的触控滑动条控制摄像头的采集视频方向,滑动条分为180个位置,读取滑动块的位置发送对应位置上的数值指令给机器人的系统控制部分,触摸滑动块使其上下滑动,从而调整摄像头的转向。手机屏幕上左下角有前后左右四个方向触控按键,通过触控按键发出控制指令给机器人的主控部分,控制机器人前后左右行走。智能手机软件上的“左转”和“右转”的触控按键控制喷雾头的水平转动,可以根据喷雾对象的分布情况调整喷雾方向在30-150°水平范围内转动,喷雾头的高度调节由智能手机软件上的“上升”和“下降”两个触控按键控制,根据作物的高度调整喷雾头在30-65cm范围内升降。手机屏幕上左边有调整滑动轴承和喷雾头上升和下降的触控按键、右下角调整喷雾头方向的触控按键、顶部开启/关闭喷雾水泵和抽水水泵的触控按键,控制器上的触控按键都有文字显示,触控按键触发发送控制指令包对机器人进行控制,释放按键再次发送另一个指令包解除控制。 The mobile device terminal adopts an Android smart phone, and the smart phone is installed with a robot software controller application program. The software controller application program is written in the Eclipse development environment, and the software controller sends out control instructions through touch buttons. Different buttons on the mobile phone controller trigger and send corresponding instructions. The touch slider on the mobile phone screen controls the direction of the camera’s video capture. The slider is divided into 180 positions. Read the position of the slider and send the numerical command at the corresponding position. For the system control part of the robot, touch the slider to make it slide up and down to adjust the direction of the camera. On the lower left corner of the mobile phone screen, there are touch buttons in four directions, front, rear, left, and right. Control commands are sent to the main control part of the robot through the touch buttons to control the robot to walk forward, backward, left, and right. The "left turn" and "right turn" touch buttons on the smartphone software control the horizontal rotation of the spray head, and the spray direction can be adjusted according to the distribution of spray objects within the horizontal range of 30-150°, and the height of the spray head can be adjusted Controlled by the two touch buttons "up" and "down" on the smartphone software, the spray head can be adjusted up and down within the range of 30-65cm according to the height of the crop. On the left side of the mobile phone screen, there are touch buttons for adjusting the sliding bearing and the rise and fall of the spray head, touch buttons for adjusting the direction of the spray head in the lower right corner, touch buttons for turning on/off the spray water pump and water pump at the top, and touch buttons on the controller. The buttons have text display, touch the button to trigger sending a control command packet to control the robot, release the button and send another command packet to release the control.

请参阅图5所示,本发明的中断服务函数流程图。单片机模块的串口接收到数据时,向CPU请求串口中断,CPU响应中断请求,执行当前的指令完成后,把当前程序和标志位压入堆栈,跳转到串口中断服务函数执行。进入串口中断服务函数,接收标志位清零,等待下一次的接收;判断是否是等待接收状态,如果是等待接收,则开始接收数据,把接收的数据存放到数组。如果是正在接收状态,检测是否接收完成,接收完成则根据接收到的控制指令执行程序,否则继续接收指令。执行中断服务函数完成,将原来的程序和标志位出栈,继续执行原来的程序,使用串口中断提高了程序的执行效率。 Please refer to FIG. 5, the flowchart of the interrupt service function of the present invention. When the serial port of the MCU module receives data, it requests a serial port interrupt from the CPU, and the CPU responds to the interrupt request. After executing the current instruction, it pushes the current program and flags into the stack, and jumps to the serial port interrupt service function for execution. Enter the serial port interrupt service function, clear the receiving flag, and wait for the next reception; judge whether it is waiting to receive, if it is waiting to receive, start receiving data, and store the received data in the array. If it is in the receiving state, check whether the receiving is completed. After the receiving is completed, execute the program according to the received control command, otherwise continue to receive the command. Execution of the interrupt service function is completed, the original program and flags are popped out of the stack, and the original program continues to be executed, and the use of serial port interrupts improves the execution efficiency of the program.

以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,本领域技术人员利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许简单修改、等同变化或修饰,均落在本发明的保护范围内。 The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Those skilled in the art make some simple modifications, equivalent changes or modifications by using the technical content disclosed above, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于包括视频采集装置、移动设备终端、系统控制部分和喷雾装置,其中:所述系统控制部分包括小车模块、WiFi模块、单片机模块、驱动模块和避障模块;1. An intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control is characterized in that it comprises a video acquisition device, a mobile device terminal, a system control part and a spraying device, wherein: the system control part comprises a dolly module, a WiFi module, a single-chip microcomputer module, Drive module and obstacle avoidance module; 所述小车模块包括四驱动履带、铝合金车身外壳以及位于小车左右两边驱动小车的两组两两并联电机;The trolley module includes four-drive crawlers, an aluminum alloy body shell, and two sets of parallel motors located on the left and right sides of the trolley to drive the trolley; 所述单片机模块,用于接收控制指令,并根据对应指令执行程序,控制WiFi模块、驱动模块、避障模块以及小车模块完成相应的动作;The single-chip microcomputer module is used to receive control instructions, and execute the program according to the corresponding instructions to control the WiFi module, the drive module, the obstacle avoidance module and the car module to complete corresponding actions; 所述驱动模块,包括电机驱动芯片L298组成的驱动电路,通过单片机控制电机驱动电路的输出状态,实现小车前后左右的运动;The drive module includes a drive circuit composed of a motor drive chip L298, which controls the output state of the motor drive circuit through a single-chip microcomputer to realize the movement of the car around; 所述避障模块包括NE555电路、由红外发射管和红外接收管组成的红外对管,所述红外发射管的红外光通过加载到NE555电路产生的38KHz的方波信号上发射出去,所述红外接收管接收反射回来强度足够大的红外光;The obstacle avoidance module includes a NE555 circuit, an infrared pair tube composed of an infrared emitting tube and an infrared receiving tube, and the infrared light of the infrared emitting tube is emitted by loading the 38KHz square wave signal generated by the NE555 circuit. The receiving tube receives the reflected infrared light with sufficient intensity; 所述视频采集装置位于车体的前端,用于采集喷药机器人周围环境的视频数据;The video acquisition device is located at the front end of the car body and is used to collect video data of the surrounding environment of the spraying robot; 所述视频采集装置通过位于车体内部的系统控制部分与所述移动设备终端通信连接;The video acquisition device is communicatively connected with the mobile device terminal through a system control part located inside the vehicle body; 所述移动设备终端采用智能手机,所述智能手机和系统控制部分的WiFi模块通信连接,所述WiFi模块接收到智能手机的控制指令后再将控制指令发送到单片机模块,所述单片机模块控制位于车体后端的所述喷雾装置执行相应的动作;The mobile device terminal adopts a smart phone, and the smart phone communicates with the WiFi module of the system control part. After receiving the control command from the smart phone, the WiFi module sends the control command to the single-chip microcomputer module, and the control of the single-chip microcomputer module is located at The spray device at the rear end of the car body performs corresponding actions; 所述喷雾装置包括喷雾水泵、升降装置和喷雾头,其中:所述升降装置包括直流电机、连接轴承、丝杆、滑动丝杠螺母、滑动轴承、固定杆和舵机;The spray device includes a spray water pump, a lifting device and a spray head, wherein: the lifting device includes a DC motor, a connecting bearing, a screw mandrel, a sliding screw nut, a sliding bearing, a fixed rod and a steering gear; 所述直流电机和平行于丝杆的固定杆与固定铁片通过螺栓或者焊接固定连接,所述固定铁片与小车通过螺栓或者焊接固定连接;The DC motor and the fixed rod parallel to the screw rod are fixedly connected to the fixed iron sheet by bolts or welding, and the fixed iron sheet is fixedly connected to the trolley by bolts or welding; 所述直流电机的转动轴通过连接轴与丝杆连接;The rotating shaft of the DC motor is connected to the screw rod through the connecting shaft; 所述螺母与所述滑动轴承固定连接;The nut is fixedly connected with the sliding bearing; 所述滑动轴承通过所述螺母与丝杆连接;The sliding bearing is connected to the screw rod through the nut; 所述舵机与滑动轴承固定连接;The steering gear is fixedly connected with the sliding bearing; 所述喷雾头通过直角固定铁片与舵机圆盘固定连接;The spray head is fixedly connected with the steering gear disc through a right-angle fixed iron piece; 所述舵机圆盘通过齿轮与舵机转动轴啮合连接;The disc of the steering gear is meshed with the rotating shaft of the steering gear through a gear; 所述喷雾水泵安装在所述小车上并与喷雾头通过设置有控制装置的管道连通,所述喷雾水泵通过继电器控制开关。The spray water pump is installed on the trolley and communicates with the spray head through a pipeline provided with a control device, and the spray water pump is controlled by a relay switch. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:2. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述视频采集装置包括摄像头和舵机,所述摄像头通过不锈钢金属软管与摄像头底座连接,所述摄像头底座与所述舵机固定连接。The video acquisition device includes a camera and a steering gear, the camera is connected to the base of the camera through a stainless steel metal hose, and the base of the camera is fixedly connected to the steering gear. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:3. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述喷雾装置长为16.5cm,宽为6cm,高为45cm。The spray device is 16.5cm long, 6cm wide and 45cm high. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:4. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述WiFi模块采用无线路由器,其内刷入一个开源的OpenWrt系统;Described WiFi module adopts wireless router, brushes into an open source OpenWrt system in it; 所述无线路由器通过TCP/UDP通信方式与移动设备终端实现通信连接。The wireless router implements a communication connection with the mobile device terminal through the TCP/UDP communication mode. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:5. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述驱动模块采用高压、大电流的电机驱动芯片L298组成的驱动电路。The drive module adopts a drive circuit composed of a high-voltage, high-current motor drive chip L298. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:6. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述小车模块的车身长度30cm,宽度22cm,高度16.5cm。The body length of the trolley module is 30cm, the width is 22cm, and the height is 16.5cm. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:7. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述智能手机通过机器人控制器应用程序的触控按键发出控制指令。The smart phone sends control instructions through the touch buttons of the robot controller application program. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种基于WiFi无线控制的智能喷药机器人,其特征在于:8. A kind of intelligent spraying robot based on WiFi wireless control according to claim 7, characterized in that: 所述智能手机采用Android智能手机软件触控按键触发发送控制指令,所述控制指令通过WiFi网络,由无线路由器从信道中提取控制指令,并将提取的所述控制指令通过TTL串口输送给所述单片机模块。The smart phone uses Android smart phone software touch keys to trigger and send control commands. The control commands pass through the WiFi network, and the wireless router extracts the control commands from the channel, and transmits the extracted control commands to the said control command through the TTL serial port. MCU module.
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