A kind of complete processing of rapeseed oil
Technical field
The present invention relates to food processing technology field, particularly relate to a kind of complete processing of rapeseed oil.
Background technology
Rapeseed oil is commonly called as rape oil, has another name called fragrant vegetable seed oil, is the liquid of the transparent or semitransparent shape pressing gained with the seed oil vegetable seed of cress rape (i.e. rape).General in deep yellow or brown.Containing eicosanoic acid 0.4-1.0%, oleic acid 14-19%, linolic acid 12-24%, erucic acid 31-55%, linolenic acid 1-10% in rapeseed oil.From nutritive value aspect, human body up to 99%, and can have cholagogic function to rapeseed oil digestibility.Therefore, rapeseed oil is the main dietary requirements oil of China consumers in general, and its quality is related to that compatriots' is healthy, also reflects the level of processing of China oil prodution industry.Semen Brassicae campestris is oil crops important in the large oil crops in the world four, and the main oil variety of Ye Shi China, its chemical composition is generally nitrogen 3.9%-5.2%, protein 24.6%-32.4%, Mierocrystalline cellulose 5.7%-9.6%, ash content 4.1%-5.3%, grease 37.5%-46.3%.Semen Brassicae campestris belongs to the high oil plant containing oil content, and the preparation method producing rapeseed oil at present mainly contains the method for directly squeezing after fire is fried, and high temperature pre-pressing extraction technology etc.The technical defect of these method ubiquities and deficiency.
Small workshop mode giving off a strong fragrance rapeseed oil among the people is that after adopting fire to fry, directly oil is got in squeezing, and the oil quality without refinery practice is poor, and sanitary index is more difficult meets related request.Traditional high temperature pre-pressing extraction technology, not only cost is high, oil yield is low, and oil product is without strong fragrance, and solvent extraction security is not high, and environmental pollution is large.Because impurity-removing method is improper, reason as more high in heating under vacuum temperature, in the process of removal of impurities, part nutritive ingredient in grease also can be removed, cause nutritive loss, improve production cost, also reduce the security of rapeseed oil, the fragrance of rapeseed oil also may be caused strong not, the needs in market cannot be met.The material choice of rapeseed oil of the prior art is unreasonable, and through roller frying and high temperature squeezing, not only increases cost, also can cause disadvantageous effect to the quality of rapeseed oil and local flavor.
A kind of production technique of rapeseed oil disclosed in CN103396884A, is Semen Brassicae campestris cleaned up, dries to water content 5-8%; After Semen Brassicae campestris after oven dry is fried out perfume (or spice), pulverize; Oil is got in Semen Brassicae campestris feeding oil press zhai squeezing after pulverizing, obtains just squeezing rapeseed oil.The deficiency of the program is, adopt furnace drying method may affect the quality of Semen Brassicae campestris, the water content after oven dry is lower, may affect oil yield.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of complete processing of rapeseed oil, solve that the cost that giving off a strong fragrance rapeseed oil preparation technique in prior art exists is high, not high, the dense insufficient fragrance of security, be subject to environmental pollution and the problems such as inferior quality.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
A complete processing for rapeseed oil take oleaginousness as the Semen Brassicae campestris of 36% ~ 39% is raw material, through drying, removal of impurities, pressure embryo, steams stir-fry, low temperature pressing, refining process, comprises the following steps:
(1) the selected vegetable seed of produce oil then, the oleaginousness of described Semen Brassicae campestris is 36% ~ 39%, and Semen Brassicae campestris being dried to water content is 9% ~ 11%, removes impurity;
(2) broken Semen Brassicae campestris, carries out rolling embryo, obtains Semen Brassicae campestris material embryo;
(3) steam fried season vegetable seed material embryo, utilize the Natural Water of material embryo to divide and carry out steaming stir-fry, the time is 70 ~ 80min;
(4) Semen Brassicae campestris that steaming has been fried is put into oil press zhai low temperature and squeeze rapeseed oil, obtain crude oil, pressing temperature is 60 ~ 70 DEG C;
(5) filtered crude oil according to a conventional method, obtains finished product rapeseed oil by refining.
Also can add fresh cavings or tea-seed in the Semen Brassicae campestris of described step (1), carry out batch mixing squeezing, additional proportion is mix the fresh cavings of 5kg ~ 7kg or tea-seed in every 100kg Semen Brassicae campestris.
Low temperature pressing in described step (4) adopts low-temp. screw oil expeller to carry out low temperature pressing.
The moisture that enters to squeeze of the low temperature pressing in described step (4) is 6% ~ 8%, and in the grouts after squeezing, residual oil content is 12% ~ 15%.
Refining in described step (5) comprises aquation, alkali refining, decolouring and deodorization procedures; The wetting ability phosphatide that aquation operation is removing or reclaims in Crude Dapeseed Oil, i.e. dephosphorization; Alkali refining operation is that caustic soda soln is added in crude oil, is then continuously separated with purifying crude oil with whizzer; Bleaching process is that rapeseed oil pigment content is reduced to required level, mainly making quantitative carclazyte mix with the oil of heating when being connected with nitrogen, decolouring in bleacher; Deodorization procedures destroys the superoxide in oil, the more volatile stink substance that removing aldehyde, ketone or other atmospheric oxidations produce, and by destroying unstable carotene, oil colours is shoaled.
The foundation of technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention adopt oleaginousness be 36% ~ 39% Semen Brassicae campestris, ensure that material idioplasm amount from raw material, can leaching effect be improved, ensure the low temperature pressing effect of high quality rapeseed oil.According to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB11762-89 Semen Brassicae campestris quality index: the moisture of Semen Brassicae campestris is not higher than 8.0%; Impurity is no more than 3.0%; Moldy kernel limit is for being no more than 2%; According to oleaginousness graduation, one-level oleaginousness is 40%, and secondary oleaginousness is 39%, three grades of oleaginousness is 38%, and level Four oleaginousness is 37%, and Pyatyi oleaginousness is 36%, six grades of oleaginousness be 35%, seven grades of oleaginousness be 34%, eight grades of oleaginousness is 33%.The Semen Brassicae campestris that the present invention adopts is the Semen Brassicae campestris that secondary arrives Pyatyi, is more suitable for steaming frying and low temperature pressing, and obtained rapeseed oil grease local flavor is constant, the basic free of losses of nutritive ingredient; And the rapeseed oil quality that the Semen Brassicae campestris of drying is squeezed out is better than the Semen Brassicae campestris of drying, this point is not apparent, is the summary of applicant's knowhow for many years.
Rape seed is little, and skin is thin, long-pending large with air contact surfaces, is easy to absorb moisture.It is 9% ~ 11% that Semen Brassicae campestris is dried to water content by the present invention, is conducive to broken and rolls embryo, because the Semen Brassicae campestris of moisture more than 12% is easily gone mouldy, although and the Semen Brassicae campestris of moisture below 9% easily stores squeezing poor effect.Removing impurity, as earth, cauline leaf, sandstone, metal etc., is because these impurity not only can affect the quality of grease and grouts, also can adsorbs a part of grease, reduce oil yield; Even can cause component wear, bring out industrial accident, affect technological effect.Roll embryo and be conducive to the cyto-architectural destruction of oil plant, be easy to take out the oil in cell.
Steam fry operation be whole rapeseed oil squeeze in advance-extract technology in one of most important operation, steam the quality of frying operation effect, on whole liquefaction process carry out smoothly and the height of oil yield and oil product, grouts quality have direct impact.Steam stir-fry operation not easily to hold owing to being subject to the impact of many factors vary.The temperature and time controlling moisture and steaming stir-fry obtains best key of steaming stir-fry effect.Fry excessively in order to avoid steaming, the present invention adopts the steaming of 70 ~ 80min to fry the time, is shorter than the steaming stir-fry time of the prior art, but degree and quality are fried in the steaming being conducive to controlling material embryo.Semen Brassicae campestris after fragmentation is carried out above-mentioned steaming and is fried process, can improve squeezing effect.The present invention utilizes the Natural Water of material embryo to divide to carry out steamings and fries, and reduce the operation easier of steaming and frying, Absorbable organic halogens controls to expect idioplasm amount, and the crude oil color and luster obtained and foreign matter content also improve significantly.
Low temperature pressing oil is that one has the intrinsic smell of rapeseed oil, flavour, pure in mouth feel, and the new oil product that natural nutrient component is intact.The low temperature pressed cake of gained also remaining have 12% ~ 15% grease, in order to improve oil yield to greatest extent, make residual oil content in leaching meal be reduced to about 1%.
Because vegetable seed oil length is high, slide after pressurization in squeezing cylinder fast, oil is not also all squeezed out, and rapeseed cake just goes out crusher, and adds cavings or tea-seed vegetable seed can be made to slow down sliding velocity, therefore can extract oil more, improves oil yield and Milling Efficiencty.In every 100kg Semen Brassicae campestris, mix the fresh cavings of 5kg ~ 7kg or tea-seed, can Milling Efficiencty be improved.Containing a large amount of valuable nutritive substance in tea-seed, include the nutritive ingredient of the needed by human body such as abundant tea-polyphenol, VE, linolic acid, be a kind of nutritious edible oil with the tea seed oil that tea-seed obtains, have healthy opsonization.Therefore to mix with Semen Brassicae campestris with tea-seed and squeeze the rapeseed oil obtained not only oil yield is high, and quality is better, rich in nutrition content, also has certain health-care effect.Utilize tea-seed to mix squeezing rapeseed oil, can also turn waste into wealth, effectively utilize tea-seed resource, be doulbe-sides' victory.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: adopt oleaginousness be 36 ~ 39% Semen Brassicae campestris be raw material, through drying, steaming the steps such as stir-fry, low temperature pressing, the rapeseed oil made is non-transgenic product, maximum journey remains the intrinsic local flavor of rapeseed oil, fragrance and nutritive substance, and oil yield is higher than 35%, meet green processing requirement, ensure food safety.The rapeseed oil color and luster adopting the inventive method obtained is more shallow, and have the smell that rapeseed oil is intrinsic, in oil, phospholipids content is low, is only about 62mg/kg, is natural non-polluted edible oil.The grouts produced in production process of the present invention have the advantages that crude fiber content is low, protein content is high, can be used as high-quality feed.
Specific embodiment mode
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but do not form limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) the selected vegetable seed of produce oil then, the oleaginousness of described Semen Brassicae campestris is 36%, and Semen Brassicae campestris being dried to water content is 9%, removes impurity;
(2) broken Semen Brassicae campestris, carries out rolling embryo, obtains Semen Brassicae campestris material embryo;
(3) steam fried season vegetable seed material embryo, utilize the Natural Water of material embryo to divide and carry out steaming stir-fry, the time is 70min;
(4) Semen Brassicae campestris that steaming has been fried is put into oil press zhai low temperature and squeeze rapeseed oil, obtain crude oil, pressing temperature is 60 DEG C;
(5) filtered crude oil according to a conventional method, obtains finished product rapeseed oil by refining.
Embodiment 2
(1) the selected vegetable seed of produce oil then, the oleaginousness of described Semen Brassicae campestris is 37%, and Semen Brassicae campestris being dried to water content is 10%, removes impurity;
Also can add fresh cavings or tea-seed in the Semen Brassicae campestris of described step (1), carry out batch mixing squeezing, in every 100kg Semen Brassicae campestris, mix the fresh cavings of 5kg or tea-seed;
(2) broken Semen Brassicae campestris, carries out rolling embryo, obtains Semen Brassicae campestris material embryo;
(3) steam fried season vegetable seed material embryo, utilize the Natural Water of material embryo to divide and carry out steaming stir-fry, the time is 75min;
(4) Semen Brassicae campestris that steaming has been fried is put into oil press zhai low temperature and squeeze rapeseed oil, obtain crude oil, pressing temperature is 65 DEG C;
(5) filtered crude oil according to a conventional method, obtains finished product rapeseed oil by refining.
Embodiment 3
(1) the selected vegetable seed of produce oil then, the oleaginousness of described Semen Brassicae campestris is 38%, and Semen Brassicae campestris being dried to water content is 11%, removes impurity;
Also can add fresh cavings or tea-seed in the Semen Brassicae campestris of described step (1), carry out batch mixing squeezing, in every 100kg Semen Brassicae campestris, mix the fresh cavings of 6kg or tea-seed;
(2) broken Semen Brassicae campestris, carries out rolling embryo, obtains Semen Brassicae campestris material embryo;
(3) steam fried season vegetable seed material embryo, utilize the Natural Water of material embryo to divide and carry out steaming stir-fry, the time is 80min;
(4) Semen Brassicae campestris that steaming has been fried is put into oil press zhai low temperature and squeeze rapeseed oil, obtain crude oil, pressing temperature is 70 DEG C;
Low temperature pressing in described step (4) adopts low-temp. screw oil expeller to carry out low temperature pressing;
(5) filtered crude oil according to a conventional method, obtains finished product rapeseed oil by refining.
Embodiment 4
(1) the selected vegetable seed of produce oil then, the oleaginousness of described Semen Brassicae campestris is 39%, and Semen Brassicae campestris being dried to water content is 9.5%, removes impurity; Also can add fresh cavings or tea-seed in the Semen Brassicae campestris of described step (1), carry out batch mixing squeezing, additional proportion is mix the fresh cavings of 7kg or tea-seed in every 100kg Semen Brassicae campestris;
(2) broken Semen Brassicae campestris, carries out rolling embryo, obtains Semen Brassicae campestris material embryo;
(3) steam fried season vegetable seed material embryo, utilize the Natural Water of material embryo to divide and carry out steaming stir-fry, the time is 72.5min;
(4) Semen Brassicae campestris that steaming has been fried is put into oil press zhai low temperature and squeeze rapeseed oil, obtain crude oil, pressing temperature is 62.5 DEG C; Low temperature pressing in described step (4) adopts low-temp. screw oil expeller to carry out low temperature pressing; The moisture that enters to squeeze of low temperature pressing is 6%, and in the grouts after squeezing, residual oil content is 12%;
(5) filtered crude oil according to a conventional method, obtains finished product rapeseed oil by refining.
Embodiment 5
(1) the selected vegetable seed of produce oil then, the oleaginousness of described Semen Brassicae campestris is 38%, and Semen Brassicae campestris being dried to water content is 10.5%, removes impurity; Also can add fresh cavings or tea-seed in the Semen Brassicae campestris of described step (1), carry out batch mixing squeezing, additional proportion is mix the fresh cavings of 6kg or tea-seed in every 100kg Semen Brassicae campestris;
(2) broken Semen Brassicae campestris, carries out rolling embryo, obtains Semen Brassicae campestris material embryo;
(3) steam fried season vegetable seed material embryo, utilize the Natural Water of material embryo to divide and carry out steaming stir-fry, the time is 77.5min;
(4) Semen Brassicae campestris that steaming has been fried is put into oil press zhai low temperature and squeeze rapeseed oil, obtain crude oil, pressing temperature is 67.5 DEG C; Low temperature pressing in described step (4) adopts low-temp. screw oil expeller to carry out low temperature pressing; The moisture that enters to squeeze of low temperature pressing is 8%, and in the grouts after squeezing, residual oil content is 15%;
(5) filtered crude oil according to a conventional method, obtains finished product rapeseed oil by refining;
Refining in described step (5) comprises aquation, alkali refining, decolouring and deodorization procedures;
The wetting ability phosphatide that aquation operation is removing or reclaims in Crude Dapeseed Oil, i.e. dephosphorization; Adding weight is that the water of crude oil weight 25% carries out aquation, first stir 30min with 75r/min, then with 65r/min low rate mixing 10min, after aquation, filtering separation, obtains aquation crude oil;
Alkali refining operation is that caustic soda soln is added in crude oil, is then continuously separated with purifying crude oil with whizzer;
Bleaching process is that rapeseed oil pigment content is reduced to required level, mainly making quantitative carclazyte mix with the oil of heating when being connected with nitrogen, decolouring in bleacher; Deodorization procedures destroys the superoxide in oil, the more volatile stink substance that removing aldehyde, ketone or other atmospheric oxidations produce, and by destroying unstable carotene, oil colours is shoaled.The discoloring agent that decolouring uses is gac, and consumption is 2% ~ 4% of oil mass.
After testing, employing the inventive method processes the relevant regulations that the rapeseed oil quality obtained meets GB1536-2004.