CN101797037A - Method for producing water-soluble citrus peel fibres - Google Patents
Method for producing water-soluble citrus peel fibres Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing water-soluble citrus peel fibres. Fresh citrus peels are taken as raw materials and are subjected to the technology such as colour preserving, drying and crushing, CO2 supercritical bitter and color removal, superfine pulverizing and enzymolysis, concentration, high-pressure homogenization, filling and sterilizing to convert cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like in the citrus peels into the water-soluble citrus peel fibres which can be eaten directly and also can be taken as raw materials of high-carbohydrate fibre functional foods. Aromatic oil and pigments of the citrus are obtained in the production process. Therefore, the full use of the citrus and zero emission of peel residue are realized in the citrus processing process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of water-soluble citrus peel fibres.
Background technology
Citrus is one of fruit of output maximum in the world, also is the agricultural exports of China's traditional advantage.China's citrus culture area reached 1,910,000 hectares in 2008, and output reaches 2,059 ten thousand tons, and mandarine cultivated area and output all leap to the first in the world.Orange peel accounts for about 30% of citrus total amount, the annual whole nation has 6,000,000 tons of tangerine peels approximately, and orange peel is except that minute quantity is used for Chinese patent medicine formula at present, and percent ninety-nine orange peel all is used as waste material and has abandoned, both cause the wasting of resources, also caused environmental pollution.If the resource that this is huge is fully utilized, turn waste into wealth, can improve the overall economic efficiency of citrus industry greatly.
Over past ten years, there is the human orange peel to produce pectin both at home and abroad, extract natural yellow pigment, aurantiamarin, tangerine peel fragrance wet goods product, but owing to all be to produce single product, the amount of producing the back waste residue is still very big, does not have really to realize the comprehensive utilization of orange peel residue, thereby the economic benefit of producing is not high, add and adopted a large amount of organic solvents in the production process, the production cost height, and environment caused serious secondary pollution.Consult A22081 citrus deep processing patented technology complete works, Chinese patent application numbers 200710190203.1 discloses a kind of from Orange Peel liquid pectin method, be to pulverize-propose glue-filtration-decolouring-concentrate-tinning-sterilization-process for cooling process by pretreatment of raw material-immersion-rinsing-drain, conditions such as control reaction temperature and pH value are to improve pectin yield, the method of orange peel extracting liq pectin is tangerine peel to be heated to 95 degree rapidly kept 5-7 minute, join in the raw material to raw material with 4 times in 1% watery hydrochloric acid, being heated to 90 degree kept one hour, constantly stir and finish employing immersion rinsing and activated carbon decolorizing up to hydrolysis.The preparation technology of 93110827.6 1 kinds of Citrus reticuiata Blano series of products of Chinese patent literature, it is characterized in that through cleaning, pulverizing, immersion, decompression distillation, lixiviate, precipitation with alcohol, press filtration, step such as concentrate, can prepare products such as tangerine oil, pectin, uranidin, feed addictive from Citrus reticuiata Blano.200580029721.4 reclaim citrus fiber to obtain to be used for beverage, bakery product, meat or meat pulp, confectionery, jam and jelly, dairy products, condiment, energy row's etc. food additives from the citrus vesicle.The citrus vesicle is optional, washes with water, and the vesicle of recycle-water washing.Described vesicle is contacted with organic solvent, obtain the vesicle of organic solvent washing.The vesicle of described organic solvent washing is desolventized, and reclaim dried citrus fiber.200780026054.3 disclose a kind of paper that contains fiber of citrus peel, especially about with respect to Chinese holly tree (paper mulberry) fiber 100 weight portions, by orange, lemon, orange, and protruding Pon in select a kind of hide fiber to make fiber of citrus peel content be the paper of 20～60 weight portions.Be not only applicable to wrapping paper, can also be applicable to senior wallpaper or window paper.
Dietary fiber is called " the 7th nutrient " by nutrition educational circles, U.S. FDA suggestion in 1998, replenish an amount of dietary fiber effectively prevention of obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, the carcinoma of the rectum, colon cancer etc., dietary fiber expands rapidly by absorbing the moisture content in the stomach and intestine, makes human body produce satiety, and reduce intestinal absorption carbohydrate, lipid material, lubricated enteron aisle promotes defecation, suppresses fat.Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin etc. account for total more than 70% of shape quality admittedly in the orange peel, are the sources of good dietary fiber.For a long time, because the orange peel bitter taste is dense, color and luster is dark, cellulose in the orange peel, hemicellulose are water insoluble, water-soluble citrus peel fibres product never both at home and abroad.How to utilize orange peel production directly to eat, the water-soluble citrus peel fibres product that also can be used as the high dietary-fiber functional food ingredient is a brand-new problem.
Summary of the invention
The production method that the purpose of this invention is to provide water-soluble citrus peel fibres realizes the complete utilization of tangerine peel and the zero-emission of orange peel residue.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the production method of water-soluble citrus peel fibres, may further comprise the steps, and tangerine peel protects look, drying and crushing, CO
2Overcritical debitterizing and decoloring, ultramicro grinding and enzymolysis, concentrated, steps such as high pressure homogeneous.
At first be soaked in 5-10min in the vitamin C of 0.1%-0.15% or the citric acid solution with bright orange peel, 40-45 ℃ of sour water temperature, soak protect look and finish after, pull orange peel out and drain away the water; Again with microwave drying or heated-air drying, 55-60 ℃ of heated-air drying temperature, drying time 5-6h, tangerine peel moisture 20%-22% is dry terminal point, dried orange meal is broken into particle, average grain diameter is at 3-5mm;
CO
2Overcritical debitterizing and decoloring: orange meal is placed CO
2In the supercritical extract cylinder, CO
2The supercritical process condition is: extraction temperature 40-44 ℃, and extracting pressure 26-29Mpa, extraction time 120-180min separates 30-35 ℃ of I temperature, separates I pressure 6-8Mpa, separates 20-22 ℃ of II temperature, separates II pressure 4-5Mpa, CO
2Flow 40-50l/h.kg raw material.The liquefied mixture that extraction obtains obtains tangerine peel aromatic oil and tangerine peel pigment after centrifugation; Decoloured simultaneously, the orange peel residue material behind the debitterize, it is left standstill 2-4h, it is softening then the tangerine peel granulated slag to be soaked suction, soaking temperature 60-70 ℃;
Ultramicro grinding and enzymolysis: adopt three road colloid mills to connect, the tangerine peel granulated slag after softening is carried out ultramicro grinding, the technological parameter of three road colloid mills is: 50 μ m, and 20 μ m, 10 μ m reach below 10～25 μ m raw meal particle size, all by 350 mesh sieves; The orange meal heating of ultramicro grinding is cooled to 55 ℃, with lemon acid for adjusting pH value to 5.5, to press 1% of orange meal then and add acid cellulose enzyme hydrolysis citrus peel fibres element, the consumption of enzyme is 5-10/kg raw material (enzyme activity is 50000U), the enzymatic reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃, temperature retention time 50-60min transfers to 3.2 to the pH value again, is warmed up to 95-100 ℃ then, after the insulation enzymolysis is finished, material is warming up to 100 ℃ of enzymes that go out, and keeps 60min, make enzyme deactivation; Form micromolecular soluble cellulose, further improve the stability of product.
Concentrate: the material behind the enzyme that goes out adopts normal pressure to concentrate and removes moisture, and temperature control is 95-100 ℃ when concentrating, and cocnentration factor is about 3: 1, striking point moisture 55%-66%, Soluble Fiber cellulose content 30%-40%;
The high pressure homogeneous: adopt double-stage homogenization, the one-level homogenization pressure is 8-10Mpa, and double-stage homogenization pressure is 12-15Mpa, 65-70 ℃ of homogenous mass inlet temperature; Concentrate the back material forms exquisiteness, homogeneous by the high pressure homogeneous liquid.
The can sterilization: product plastic bottle, can temperature are not less than 75 ℃; Cold sterilization was used in sealing immediately after can was finished, and promptly got the water-soluble citrus peel fibres raw material; Soluble Fiber cellulose content 30%-40%; Moisture 55%-66%, sugar content 1%.After sucrose, Aspartame dissolving, add in the water-soluble citrus peel fibres, mixed even can sterilization can get water-soluble fluidity fiber food.
The present invention is owing to adopt the food processing new and high technology, make materials such as cellulose in the orange peel, hemicellulose, pectin all be transformed into and directly to eat, also can be used as the water-soluble citrus peel fibres of high dietary-fiber functional food ingredient, and obtain citrus aromatic oil and pigment in process of production, realize the complete utilization of orange peel, realize the zero-emission of skin slag in the citrus process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the technology of the present invention technological process of production figure.
The specific embodiment
Below provide two examples that the present invention is elaborated.
Example 1, raw-food material type water-soluble citrus peel fibres
Protect look: produce the fresh orange peel 100kg of orange can, after the selected impurity elimination, be soaked in 8min in 0.15% the vitamin c solution, 42 ℃ of the temperature of sour water. soak finish after, pull orange peel out, drain away the water.
Dry: protect fresh orange peel 100kg behind the look with belt microwave dryer drying: microwave firepower 20%-30%, drying time 120min.Ventilation dewetting.Dry terminal point orange peel moisture 20%-22%.
Require dried orange peel to keep the color and luster of fresh orange peel, do not have tangible black skin.
In order to prevent dry hide aromatic oil volatilization and tangerine peel pigment oxidation in storage, dried orange peel adopts airtight package, and the lucifuge storage.
Pulverize: in order to guarantee the supercritical extract effect, dried orange peel will be ground into particle with pulverizer before extraction.Require average grain diameter at 3-5mm, even particle size.Material after the pulverizing will in time use, otherwise can increase because of the material table area, causes the volatilization of tangerine peel essential oil, the tangerine peel pigment oxidation.
Extraction: the tangerine peel after the pulverizing places CO
2In the supercritical extract cylinder, the extraction process condition is: 43 ℃ of extraction temperature, and extracting pressure 28Mpa, extraction time 120min separates 35 ℃ of I temperature, separates I pressure 6-8Mpa, separates 22 ℃ of II temperature, separates II pressure 4-5Mpa, CO
2Flow 45-50l/h.kg raw material.
Separate: the liquefied mixture that extraction obtains can obtain tangerine peel aromatic oil and tangerine peel pigment (mixtures of hesperidin, carotenoid, flavonoids pigment, lutein etc.) after centrifugation, the rotating speed of centrifugal separator is 4000-5000rpm, centrifugation time 5-8min.Tangerine peel aromatic oil, tangerine peel pigment are in time packed.
Rehydration: extraction obtains the solid material of orange peel residue for decolouring, debitterize, and color and luster is that ecru is extremely faint yellow, and it is little sweet to distinguish the flavor of.It is left standstill 2-4h, make the CO that remains in the material
2Distribute, then in orange meal: the ratio of water=1: 3 is soaked 2h, soaking temperature 65-70 ℃, makes the citrus peel meal suction softening.
Ultramicro grinding: adopt three road colloid mill series connection, the orange meal after the rehydration is carried out ultramicro grinding, the spent material granularity reaches below 10～25 μ m, and the technological parameter of three road colloid mills is: 50 μ m, and 20 μ m, 10 μ m, material are all by 350 mesh sieves.
Enzymolysis: the orange skin of ultramicro grinding, heating is cooled to 55 ℃, with citric acid the pH value is transferred to 5.5, then by 1% heavy adding acidic cellulase (enzyme activity is 50000U) of tangerine peel, temperature retention time 50-60min, with citric acid the pH value is transferred to 3.2 again, be warmed up to 95-100 ℃ then, after the insulation enzymolysis is finished, material be warming up to 100 ℃, and keep 60min, make enzyme deactivation.
Concentrate: the material behind the enzyme that goes out adopts normal pressure to concentrate and removes moisture, and temperature control is 95-100 ℃ when concentrating, cocnentration factor (2-3): about 1.When striking point moisture contains be: 40%-60%, Soluble Fiber cellulose content 25%-35%.
Homogeneous: adopt double-stage homogenization, the one-level homogenization pressure is 8-10Mpa, and double-stage homogenization pressure is 12-15Mpa, 65-70 ℃ of homogenous mass inlet temperature.Concentrate the back material forms exquisiteness, homogeneous by the high pressure homogeneous liquid.
Can: product plastic bottle, can temperature are not less than 75 ℃.Sealing immediately after can is finished.
Sterilization: use cold sterilization, sterilization temperature 80-85 ℃, sterilizing time: 15min.
Product index: Soluble Fiber cellulose content 25%-35%, moisture 40%-60%, sugar content 1%.
As produce and directly drink type water-soluble citrus peel fibres beverage, then only need adding in the water-soluble citrus peel fibres in proportion with after sugar and the sweetener dissolving, mixed even sugar content reaches 3% and gets final product.
Its three's weight ratio is: water-soluble citrus peel fibres 100, sucrose 2, Aspartame (sweetener) 0.06.
Example 2, water-soluble citrus peel fibres beverage
Protect look: produce the fresh orange peel 100kg of orange can, after selected, the impurity elimination, be soaked in 10min in 0.15% the citric acid solution, 55 ℃ of sour water temperature are soaked and are pulled orange peel out after finishing, and drain away the water.
Drying, crushing operation are with example 1.
Extraction: the tangerine peel after the pulverizing places CO
2In the supercritical extract cylinder, the extraction process condition is: 40 ℃ of extraction temperature, and extracting pressure 25Mpa, extraction time 180min separates 30 ℃ of I temperature, separates I pressure 6-8Mpa, separates 20 ℃ of II temperature, separates II pressure 4-5Mpa, CO
2Flow 45-50l/h.kg raw material.
Separation, rehydration, ultramicro grinding, enzymolysis are operated with example 1.
Concentrate: the material behind the enzyme that goes out adopts normal pressure to concentrate and removes moisture, and temperature control is 95-100 ℃ when concentrating, cocnentration factor 2-3: about 1.When striking point moisture contains be: 55%-66%, Soluble Fiber cellulose content 30%-40%.
Homogeneous, can: the sterilization operation method is with example 1.
Allotment: basic recipe following (in the quality of water-soluble citrus peel fibres)
Water-soluble citrus peel fibres 100, sucrose 2, Aspartame 0.06.
After the dissolving of sugar and sweetener, add in the water-soluble citrus peel fibres, mixedly evenly get final product.
Product index: Soluble Fiber cellulose content 30%-40%, moisture 55%-65%, sugar content 3%.
Claims (6)
1. the production method of water-soluble citrus peel fibres, it is characterized in that: production process may further comprise the steps, and tangerine peel protects look → drying and crushing → CO
2Overcritical debitterizing and decoloring → rehydration is softened → ultramicro grinding → enzymolysis → concentrated → high pressure homogeneous → can sterilization;
A, tangerine peel protect look: be soaked in the vitamin C or citric acid solution of 0.1-0.15% 40-43 ℃ of sour water temperature with bright orange peel;
B, drying and crushing: soak protect look and finish after, pull orange peel out and drain away the water, use microwave drying again, crushed after being dried becomes particle;
C, CO
2Supercritical extract: 43 ℃ of extraction temperature, extracting pressure 28Mpa, extraction time 120-180min, CO
2Flow 45-50l/h.kg raw material; The liquefied mixture that extraction obtains obtains tangerine peel aromatic oil and tangerine peel pigment after centrifugation; Decoloured simultaneously, the tangerine peel granulated slag behind the debitterize, the tangerine peel granulated slag leaves standstill 2-4h;
D, rehydration are softened and ultramicro grinding: the tangerine peel granulated slag is soaked the 2h suction soften, again ultramicro grinding to 350 order;
E, enzymolysis: the orange meal of ultramicro grinding is heated to 50-55 ℃, regulates pH value to 5.5, press 1% of orange meal then and add acidic cellulase, the enzymatic reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃; Time 50-60min transfers to 3.2 to the pH value again, is warmed up to 95-100 ℃ then, and keeps 50-60min, makes enzyme deactivation;
F, concentrated: the material behind the enzyme that goes out is concentrated into moisture 55%-66%, Soluble Fiber cellulose content 30%-40%;
G, homogeneous: the material after concentrating is by double-stage homogenization, and homogenization pressure is 20-25Mpa, forms liquid fine and smooth, homogeneous;
H, can: product plastic bottle, temperature are not less than 75 ℃; Seal after the can, 80-85 ℃ of sterilization promptly gets water-soluble citrus peel fibres.
2. the production method of the described water-soluble citrus peel fibres of claim 1, it is characterized in that: superfine grinding method: adopt three road colloid mill series connection to carry out ultramicro grinding the tangerine peel granulated slag after softening, the technological parameter of three road colloid mills is: 50 μ m, 20 μ m, 10 μ m, raw meal particle size is reached below 10～25 μ m, all by 350 mesh sieves.
3. the production method of the described water-soluble citrus peel fibres of claim 1, it is characterized in that enzymolysis: the orange meal of ultramicro grinding is heated to 55 ℃, regulates pH value to 5.5, press 1% of orange meal then and add acidic cellulase, enzyme activity is 50000U, and the enzymatic reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃; Temperature retention time 50-60min, the pH value transfers to 3.2, is warmed up to 95-100 ℃ then, after the insulation enzymolysis is finished, material is warming up to 100 ℃ of enzymes that go out, and keeps 50-60min, makes enzyme deactivation.
4. the production method of the described water-soluble citrus peel fibres of claim 1 is characterized in that: the material behind the enzyme that goes out concentrates removes moisture, and temperature control is 95-100 ℃ when concentrating, cocnentration factor 3: 1.
5. the production method of the described water-soluble citrus peel fibres of claim 1 is characterized in that: the high pressure homogeneous adopts double-stage homogenization, and the one-level homogenization pressure is 8-10Mpa, and double-stage homogenization pressure is 12-15Mpa, 65-70 ℃ of homogenous mass inlet temperature.
6. the production method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described water-soluble citrus peel fibres, it is characterized in that, by following weight portion, water-soluble citrus peel fibres 100, sucrose 2, Aspartame 0.06, after sucrose, Aspartame dissolving, add in the water-soluble citrus peel fibres, mixed even can sterilization can get water-soluble fluidity fiber food.
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Application publication date: 20100811 |