CN103666458B - 一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针及其制备方法,其属于精细化工领域。该荧光探针以氟硼吡咯为底物与咔唑醛在氮气或氩气保护下反应,以哌啶为催化剂、4?分子筛为脱水剂;所得反应物再与季铵化试剂反应得到荧光探针分子。该荧光探针具有600-700nm的长发射波长,避免了细胞自发荧光的干扰,减少对细胞的光损伤;具有两极性的结构,在水中聚集,荧光淬灭,但嵌入细胞质膜中,荧光显著提升。定位于细胞质膜的探针一起参与生物进程,由于其本身无毒副作用,适用于在荧光显微镜下观察与细胞质膜相关的细胞过程。该荧光探针合成效率高,性质稳定,易于长期保存,为探究细胞质膜相关过程提供了直观、简洁而且成本低廉的检测试剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针及其制备方法,其属于精细化工领域。
背景技术
细胞膜是防止细胞外物质自由进入细胞的一道屏障,它保证了细胞内环境的相对稳定,使得各种生化反应能够有序运行。它也是细胞与周围环境发生信息、物质与能量的交换的通道,帮助细胞获得所需物质和排出代谢废物。而流动性是细胞膜的基本特性,基于这一性质细胞完成多种生理功能,比如细胞膜通过胞饮作用(pinocytosis)、吞噬作用(phagocytosis)或胞吐作用(exocytosis)吸收、消化和外排细胞膜外、内的物质。因此实时、动态、长时间的可视化追踪细胞膜的形态变化将有助于我们进一步了解和研究细胞的生理机能。
目前,电镜是比较常用的用来观察细胞膜的方法,但无法实现对活细胞的动态观察。为了实现对活细胞的细胞膜进行可视化的实时观察,近年来荧光成像方法表现出了独特的优势:荧光探针对生物样品毒性低,可利用荧光显微镜进行活体的无损观测。目前,对细胞膜进行标记和追踪的荧光团主要有商品化(InvitrogenTM)的FM系列和Dil系列,然而其对细胞膜标记的稳定性较差,不利于应用,其自身的光稳定性较低又不利于使用者操作,而且其合成制备工艺比较繁琐,又难于长期保存,致使其成本较高,价格昂贵,不利于广泛使用。
尽管目前对细胞的一些活动机制已经有了相应的研究和结果的报道,然而,更细节的活动机制仍然难以直观实时的被科学家所观察。若能对活细胞的细胞膜进行长时间、动态的可视化观测,则能够更好的了解细胞活动的一些机制和细节性的形态变化,因此急需设计低成本、高光稳定性和高标价稳定性的细胞膜探针。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针及其制备方法,该荧光探针是一种低成本、高光稳定性和高标价稳定性的细胞膜探针。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针,以氟硼吡咯为母体,具有如下结构通式:
通式中n = 1、2或3,R1 =或 ,R2、R3 = H、C1-C10直链或支链烷基;L+=或,其中: R4 = CH3、或 ; R5 = CH3或 , X- = Cl-、Br-、I-、SO4 2-、ClO4 -、BrO4 -或IO4 -。
一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针的制备方法,所述荧光探针包括荧光探针A和荧光探针B,制备方法步骤如下:
步骤一、以1摩尔的氟硼二吡咯与1-5摩尔的带取代基的咔唑醛为原料,以哌啶为催化剂,4?分子筛为脱水剂,所述氟硼二吡咯与催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.01-0.20,在甲苯中,100-150℃,在氩气或氮气气体的保护下搅拌,反应8-24h,咔唑醛基与氟硼二吡咯的活泼亚甲基脱水生成双键共轭连接的氟硼二吡咯衍生物;
步骤二、季铵化反应,将所述氟硼二吡咯衍生物溶于二氯甲烷中,加入季铵化试剂,所述氟硼二吡咯衍生物与季铵化试剂的摩尔比为1:2-10,室温反应24h,得到荧光探针A;
步骤三、离子交换反应,所述荧光探针A与荧光探针A中含有不同阴离子的钠盐或钾盐甲醇中搅拌24h,使进行离子交换,得到荧光探针B。
所述季铵化试剂选自碘甲烷、丙烯醛、丙磺酸内酯或对苯二苄氯。
所述荧光探针用于活细胞中细胞质膜的标记和追踪。进而对细胞质膜进行荧光成像和动态追踪。可以被标记的活细胞为Hella细胞株、MCF-7细胞株、RAW264.7细胞株等。
本发明的有益效果是:一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针以氟硼吡咯为底物与带取代基的咔唑醛在氮气或氩气保护下反应,以哌啶为催化剂、4?分子筛为脱水剂;所得反应物再与季铵化试剂反应得到荧光探针分子。该探针具有600-700 nm的长发射波长,可以避免细胞自发荧光的干扰,提高成像深度,减少对细胞的光损伤;其发光性质对溶剂不敏感,亲脂性环境中量子产率高,化学性质稳定好,光稳定性高。该探针具有两极性的结构,在水中聚集成颗粒,荧光淬灭,但嵌入细胞质膜的磷脂双分子层中,可以稳定的定位于细胞质膜,并且定位后荧光强度显著提高,这一性质提高了成像的信噪比,并且定位于细胞质膜的探针在细胞的内吞、胞饮等过程中随着细胞膜一起参与生物进程,由于探针本身无毒副作用,适用于在荧光显微镜下观察与细胞质膜相关的细胞过程。该探针合成效率高,性质稳定,易于长期保存,为探究细胞质膜相关过程提供了直观、简洁而且成本低廉的检测试剂。
附图说明
图 1是荧光探针B-2在不同溶剂中的归一化吸收光谱图。
图 2是荧光探针B-2在不同溶剂中的归一化荧光发射光谱图。
图 3是荧光探针B-2对MCF-7细胞染色后的荧光成像图。
图 4是荧光探针B-2对Hela细胞染色后的荧光成像图。
图 5是荧光探针B-2对RAW264.7细胞染色后的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
在两口反应瓶中加入氟硼二吡咯324mg、咔唑醛420mg,再加入8.5mg的哌啶为催化剂,4?分子筛为脱水剂,在甲苯中120℃搅拌反应12h,反应物减压旋干,除去甲苯后,硅胶柱分离(洗脱液为二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1)得到紫色固体234mg,产率40%。
将上步中得到产品234mg溶于二氯甲烷中,加入568mg的碘甲烷,25℃反应24h,抽滤,保留滤饼,得到262mg紫黑色固体荧光探针A-1,产率90%。
将586mg荧光探针A-1溶于甲醇中,加入940mg的溴化钾,50℃搅拌24h,反应结束后将反应液减压旋干,溶于二氯甲烷,过滤后,保留滤液,再次减压旋干,得到646mg紫黑色固体荧光探针B-1,产率95%。
实施例 2
在两口反应瓶中加入氟硼二吡咯482mg、咔唑醛584mg,再加入25.5mg的哌啶为催化剂, 4?分子筛为脱水剂,氩气保护下,在甲苯中130℃搅拌反应24h,反应物减压旋干,除去甲苯后,硅胶柱分离(洗脱液为二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1)得到绿色固体824mg,产率80%。
将上步中得到产品824mg溶于二氯甲烷中,加入269mg的丙烯醛和适量HCl,25℃反应24h,抽滤,保留滤饼,得到923mg深绿色固体荧光探针A-2,产率95%。
将1214mg荧光探针A-2溶于甲醇中,2300mg的高碘酸钾,50℃搅拌24h,反应结束后将反应液减压旋干,溶于二氯甲烷,过滤后,保留滤液,再次减压旋干,得到1510mg深绿色固体荧光探针B-2,产率99%。
实施例3
在两口反应瓶中加入氟硼二吡咯376mg、咔唑醛672mg,再加入25.5mg的哌啶为催化剂,4?分子筛为脱水剂,氩气保护下,在甲苯中130℃搅拌反应24h,反应物减压旋干,除去甲苯后,硅胶柱分离(洗脱液为二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1)得到绿色固体760mg,产率75%。
将上步中得到产品760mg溶于二氯甲烷中,加入488mg丙磺酸内酯和适量HCl,25℃反应24h,加入适量乙醚,抽滤,保留滤饼,得到898mg深绿色固体荧光探针A-3,产率90%。
将1330mg的荧光探针A-3溶于甲醇中,加入1030mg的溴化钠,50℃搅拌24h,反应结束后将反应液减压旋干,溶于二氯甲烷,过滤后,保留滤液,再次减压旋干,得到1348mg深绿色固体荧光探针B-3,产率95%。
实施例 4
荧光探针B-2用于活细胞中细胞质膜的标记和追踪,进而对细胞质膜进行荧光成像和动态追踪。可以被标记的活细胞为Hella细胞株、MCF-7细胞株、RAW264.7细胞株等。
图1中荧光探针B-2在二氯甲烷、乙腈、乙醇和水中的归一化吸收光谱,在二氯乙烷、乙腈和乙醇三种有机溶剂中吸收光谱一致,无溶剂效应;而在水中峰形有明显变宽和红移,说明荧光探针B-2在水中有聚集现象。图2中荧光探针B-2在二氯甲烷、乙腈、乙醇和水中的归一化发射光谱,在二氯乙烷、乙腈和乙醇三种有机溶剂中峰形一致,无明显溶剂效应,而在水中发射峰变宽且红移,说明荧光探针B-2在水中有聚集。
图3中1M的荧光探针B-2对MCF-7细胞染色5 min后,使用PBS洗两遍后,荧光成像。激发波长559 nm,采集范围565-635 nm。染色时间短,细胞膜轮廓清晰,无背景光干扰。图4中1M的荧光探针B-2对Hela细胞染色5 min后,使用PBS洗两遍后,荧光成像。激发波长559 nm,采集范围565-635 nm。染色时间短,细胞膜轮廓清晰,无背景光干扰。图5中1M荧光探针B-2对RAW264.7细胞染色5 min后,使用PBS洗两遍后,荧光成像。激发波长559 nm,采集范围565-635 nm。染色时间短,细胞膜轮廓清晰,无背景光干扰。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针,以氟硼吡咯为母体,其特征在于,该探针具有如下结构通式:
通式中n = 1、2或3,R1 =或 ,R2、R3 = H、C1-C10直链或支链烷基;L+=或,其中: R4 = CH3、或 ; R5 = CH3或 , X- = Cl-、Br-、I-、SO4 2-、ClO4 -、BrO4 -或IO4 -。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述荧光探针包括荧光探针A和荧光探针B,制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、以1摩尔的氟硼二吡咯与1-5摩尔的带取代基的咔唑醛为原料,以哌啶为催化剂,4?分子筛为脱水剂,所述氟硼二吡咯与催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.01-0.20,在甲苯中,100-150℃,在氩气或氮气气体的保护下搅拌,反应8-24h,咔唑醛基与氟硼二吡咯的活泼亚甲基脱水生成双键共轭连接的氟硼二吡咯衍生物;
步骤二、将所述氟硼二吡咯衍生物溶于二氯甲烷中,加入季铵化试剂,所述氟硼二吡咯衍生物与季铵化试剂的摩尔比为1:2-10,室温反应24h,得到荧光探针A;
步骤三、所述荧光探针A与荧光探针A中含有不同阴离子的钠盐或钾盐甲醇中搅拌24h,使进行离子交换,得到荧光探针B。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述季铵化试剂选自碘甲烷、丙烯醛、丙磺酸内酯或对苯二苄氯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于标记和追踪细胞质膜的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针用于活细胞中细胞质膜的标记和追踪。
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